Difference Between Judge and Magistrate: The Judiciary is one of the pillars of democracy meant to uphold the law of the land. In this regard, a judge and a magistrate may appear to be the same but there are differences present between the two terms. The difference between magistrate and judge lies in the fact that judges preside over the courts namely - the supreme court, high court or the sessions court and pass judgements to resolve conflicts between parties that may have a bearing on the law of the land in the country. Their jurisdiction is much wider.
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A magistrate, on the other hand, has limited powers and is appointed by the high court on instructions from the state government after due deliberation. They are usually selected from the judicial service exam of the state including judicial officers such as first class magistrate and second class magistrate.
Section 19 of the Indian Penal Code defines a judge as any person who is officially designated as a judge. The judge also refers to any person who is empowered to give a definitive judgement in a legal proceeding, which if not contested would be considered definitive. The order of the judge has finality or authoritativeness. They possess a degree in LLB and have vast experience in a career in the legal field. Judges of the high courts and the Supreme Court are appointed by the President of India on the recommendations of the collegium.
Examples of judges can include:
A collector having authority in a case under Act 10 of 1859 is a judge
A Magistrate with jurisdiction over an offence for which he has the authority to impose a fine or term of imprisonment, with or without appearance, is a Judge
Section 11 of the Code of Criminal Procedure states that :
In every district (not being a metropolitan area) there shall be established as many Courts of Judicial Magistrates of the first class and of the second class, and at such places, as the State Government may, after consultation with the High Court, by notification, specify.
The provision mentioned above comes with a condition that the State Government may, after consultation with the High Court, establish, for any local area, one or more Special Courts of Judicial Magistrates of the first class or of the second class to try any particular case or particular class of cases. Further, it states that, where any such Special Court is established, no other Court of Magistrate in the local area shall have jurisdiction to try any case or class of cases for the trial of which such Special Court of Judicial Magistrate has been established
The presiding officers of such Courts shall be appointed by the High Court.
The High Court may, whenever it appears to it to be expedient or necessary, confer the powers of a Judicial Magistrate of the first class or of the second class on any member of the Judicial Service of the State, functioning as a Judge in a Civil Court.
Section 12 of the Code of Criminal Procedure states that the high court can also appoint a judicial magistrate of the first class to be the chief judicial magistrate.
Section 13 of the Code of Criminal Procedure states that when requested by the state or central government, the high court can also grant to a person who currently holds or has held a position in the government in the past all the powers that can be conferred on a judicial magistrate. Such persons are called special magistrates and are appointed for a term not exceeding one year. These powers are granted with the condition that the said person possesses the qualification as the high court may specify in its rules.
Particulars | Magistrate | Judge |
Appointment | Appointed by state government or High Court | By President of India |
Education qualification | Degree from a recognized university | Law degree is mandatory |
Jurisdiction | Limited jurisdiction within the state | Wider jurisdiction includes power to impose death sentence on a guilty |
Nature of cases | Magistrate handles small cases | Judge due to his wider jurisdiction and power handles more complex cases |
Who is more powerful, the judge or magistrate? To answer this, it is important to see their jurisdiction!
Section 14 of the Code of Criminal Procedure states that the jurisdiction of the judicial magistrate will cover the entire district or within the limits as specified by the Chief judicial magistrate
Section 15 of the Code of Criminal Procedure states that every chief judicial magistrate will be subordinate to the sessions judge and that every judicial magistrate will be subordinate to the chief judicial magistrate subject to the regulation of the sessions judge. The chief judicial magistrate will from time to time frame rules or issue orders for the business to be conducted by the judicial magistrate
As per section 28 of the Code of Criminal Procedure, a high court or a sessions judge can pass the following sentences:
Any sentence permitted by law may be imposed by the High Court.
Any legal sentence may be imposed by a Sessions Judge or Additional Sessions Judge, but the High Court must affirm any death sentence imposed by the Sessions or additional sessions judge.
An Assistant Sessions Judge may impose any legal punishment, with the exception of the capital penalty, life in prison, and sentences that last longer than ten years.
Section 29 of the Code of Criminal Procedure specifies the sentences which a sessions judge can pass
Any legal punishment may be imposed by the Court of a Chief Judicial Magistrate, with the exception of the death penalty, life in prison, and sentences of more than seven years.
A sentence of up to three years in prison, a fine of up to 10,000 rupees, or both may be imposed by the court of a magistrate of the first class.
A punishment of up to one year in prison, a fine of up to two thousand rupees, or both may be imposed by the Court of Magistrate of the Second Class.
The Chief Metropolitan Magistrate's Court shall have all of the authority of the Chief Judicial Magistrate's Court, the Metropolitan Magistrate's Court, and the Court of a Magistrate of the First Class.
Also check - Difference Between a Lawyer an Advocate
As per data from the Department of Justice, under Ministry of Law and Justice, Government of India, the salary of the top judges is as follows
Chief Justice of India | Rs. 2,80,000 pm |
Judges of Supreme Court | Rs. 2,50,000 pm |
Chief Justice of High Court | Rs. 2,50,000 pm |
Judges of High Court | Rs. 2,25,000 pm |
The district judge earns a salary of around Rs. 1.88 Lakhs per month as per the second judicial pay commission.
Often, the Civil Judge (Jr. Division) recruited under the judicial service acts as First Class Magistrate and Civil Judge (Sr. Division) recruited under the judicial service acts as Chief judicial magistrate. State governments also appoint retired government officers who possess law degrees to act as special magistrates.
On the recommendation of the Second Judicial Pay Commission, the salary for judicial officers has been revised. The salary of a Civil Judge (Jr. Division ) is around 1 Lakh per month, while the salary of the Civil Judge (Sr. Division) will be Rs.1.35 lakh per month. Special magistrates will have a minimum remuneration of Rs.30000 per month.
Also Read: How to Become a Judge in India After LLB
As per Section 19 of the Indian Penal Code, a judge refers to any person who is empowered to give a definitive judgement in a legal proceeding, which if not contested would be considered definitive. The order of the judge has finality or authoritativeness.
A magistrate is a person appointed by the high court and subordinated to the district sessions judge with limited powers and jurisdiction to preside over cases.
The judge has wider jurisdiction and more powers. The magistrate works under the sessions judge.
The payscale of the judge is higher than the magistrate.
No, magistrate and judge are different from each other. A magistrate is a judicial officer with limited powers compared to a Judge.
Hello Aspirant,
The duration of LLB after completing the graduation or BALLB is of 3 years. In these 3 years of LLB, a student studies through a whole set of laws on different aspects of law sphere. It includes Criminal Law, Civil Law, Contract Law, Property Law, Co-operate Law, and constitutional Law.
The 3 year duration of LLB can vary. If you are doing an integrated program, the duration is 5 years.
I hope this information would be helpful for you.
Good luck.
Yes, a BA LLB course can be pursued in Gujarati language, but it depends on the specific institution offering the program. Some universities and law colleges in Gujarat provide legal education in regional languages, including Gujarati, especially for the BA (Bachelor of Arts) part of the course. However, legal education and professional practice often require proficiency in English and the official language of the court (which is usually English or Hindi in many parts of India).
The MH CET Law 5-Year LLB Result 2024 has been declared by the CET Cell, Maharashtra on June 26, 2024Â Here are the key details:
- The result is available on the official website cetcell.mahacet.org.
- Candidates need to login using their email ID and password to access the scorecard.
- The scorecard includes details like name, date of birth, parents' name, category, roll number, application number, marks obtained, and overall rank.
- The MH CET Law 2024 Answer Key for the 5-year LLB course was released on June 6, 2024
The top rankers in the MH CET Law 5-Year LLB 2023 exam were
1. Vijay Kalyan Jha (Rank 1, Normalized CET Score 129)
2. Yash Raj (Rank 2, Normalized CET Score 128)
3. Isha (Rank 3, Normalized CET Score 126)
Candidates can check their individual scorecards by logging into the result portal on the official website.
The Centralized Admission Process (CAP) for MH CET Law 5-Year LLB admissions Round I began on July 11, 2024 .
hello khushi
Here are some ways to find previous year question papers for NFSU LLB (Hons) entrance exam.
NFSU Official Website:
Library:
Coaching Institutes:
Senior Students:
Online Forums and Groups:
Hello student
The fees for BA LLB Hons in India can vary significantly depending on the university you choose. Here's a general idea:
Government Colleges vs. Private Colleges: Government colleges tend to be much cheaper, with fees ranging from 1.5 lakh to 3 lakh per year. Private colleges, especially the prestigious national law universities, can be much more expensive, with fees reaching up to 8 lakh or even higher per year.
Location: Fees can also vary depending on the location of the college. Colleges in major cities like Delhi or Mumbai might be more expensive compared to those in smaller towns.