The more you sweat in practice, the less you bleed in battle! This saying perfectly sums up the importance of practising with the real exam papers before stepping into the actual CLAT 2026 exam hall. If you’re serious about cracking the Common Law Admission Test and securing a seat at a top National Law University, solving previous year question papers is not negotiable. These papers not only help you understand the exam pattern and CLAT Exam pattern but also boost your confidence and improve your time management skills
This Story also Contains
CLAT Previous Year Question Papers PDF Download
How to download CLAT PYQ?
Benefits of solving CLAT previous year question papers
CLAT Sample Papers 2026
CLAT UG Question & Answers
CLAT Previous Year's Question Papers
In this article, you can easily download CLAT Previous Year Question Papers in PDF Format along with detailed answer keys and sample papers. Get ready to strengthen your preparation strategy and take one big step closer to your dream law school!
The CLAT previous year question paper with answer PDF download can be completed by following the steps below:
Click on the CLAT previous year paper link that you want to download.
Students will be redirected to the eBook store of Careers360.
If you are a registered user, log in with your credentials on the login panel that will appear on the screen.
New users will be required to complete their registration by entering basic details like name, mobile number, email etc.
Upon completing the registration, candidates will be directed to the CLAT question paper PDF download.
Next, click on the “Download” button.
The CLAT previous year question paper PDF will be sent to the candidate's registered email address.
Benefits of solving CLAT previous year question papers
Here are some of the advantages of solving CLAT PYQ papers:
Solving previous year CLAT exam papers will boost candidates' confidence in their preparations. The more CLAT previous year papers applicants solve, the more assured they will feel about their preparations.
The CLAT question papers from past years will provide applicants with a comprehensive overview of the CLAT 2026 syllabus. Students will also become acquainted with the CLAT 2026 exam pattern.
Candidates can test their knowledge and preparations through these CLAT PYQ papers. Students are advised to carefully analyse their performance after solving these papers.
Students can identify their weak areas after completing the previous year question papers of CLAT. Candidates need to identify the areas and topics from the incorrectly answered questions.
A good way to develop time management skills and accuracy is by practising the CLAT previous year papers PDF. Students will get an idea of the time they take to finish the question papers.
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Along with the question papers of previous sessions, candidates can also take the help of the CLAT sample papers for previous years to prepare for the exam. The Consortium of NLUs releases a set of sample papers of CLAT to help candidates in their preparation. The download links of CLAT sample papers have been given below:
The aspirants preparing for the CLAT UG 2026 exam should be well aware of the types of questions asked in the CLAT UG 2025 exam. Below are the sample questions on the CLAT UG 2025 exam.
Passage 1:
Education is not the amount of information that is put into your brain and runs riot there, undigested, all your life. We must have life-building, man-making, character-making assimilation of ideas…. If education were identical with information, the libraries are the sages in the world and encyclopaedias are the rishis. Getting by heart the thoughts of others in a foreign language and stuffing your brain with them and taking some University degree, you consider yourself educated. Is this education? What is the goal of your education? Open your eyes and see what a piteous cry for food is rising in the land of Bharata, proverbial for its food. Will your education fulfill this want?
We want that education by which character is formed, strength of mind is increased, the intellect is expanded and by which one can stand on one’s own feet. What we need to study independent of foreign control, different branches of the knowledge that is our own, and with it the English language and Western science; we need technical education and all else that will develop industries so that men instead of seeking for service may earn enough to provide for themselves and save against a rainy day. The end of all education, all training, should be man-making. The end and aim of all training are to make the man grow. The training by which the current expression of will are brought under control and become fruitful, is called education. What our country now wants are muscles of iron and nerves of steel, gigantic wills, which nothing can resist, which can penetrate into the mysteries and secrets of the universe and will accomplish their purpose in any fashion, even if it meant going down to the bottom of the ocean, meeting death face to face.
There is only one method of attaining knowledge. It is by concentration. The very essence of education is concentration of mind. From the lowest to the highest man, all have to use the same method to attain knowledge. The chemist who works in the laboratory concentrates on elements to analyze them. Knowledge is acquired by concentration.
[Extracted with edits from “Education” by Swami Vivekananda]
Questions
1) Education, as described by the author means:
(A) Information
(B) Library
(C) Degrees
(D) None of the above
Correct answer: None of the above Explanation: The author in the first paragraph states that education is not just information, nor can it be equated with libraries and degrees. Hence the answer is none of the above
2) As per the author, the aim of education should be:
(A) to help a person build his/her character
(B) to help a person earn his/her livelihood
(C) to help a person develop his/her intellect
(D) All of the above
Correct answer: All of the above Explanation: The author says “We want that education by which
character is formed, strength of mind is increased, the intellect is expanded and by
which one can stand on one's own feet”. Therefore the answer should be all of the
above as all of the options are referenced here.
3) According to the author the country wants:
(A) Massive will power
(B) Spirit of philanthropy
(C) Iron and steel industries
(D) All of the above
Correct answer: Answer A Explanation: The author says in the passage “What our country now wants are muscles
of iron and nerves of steel, gigantic wills”. Therefore the answer should be A. To be
noted that the author says muscles of iron and nerves of steel, which does not mean
Iron and Steel industries. Hence C cannot be right. The author also does not mention
the spirit of philanthropy anywhere in the passage.
4) According to the author, we need to study:
(A) English Language
(B) Technical Education
(C) Western Science
(D) All of the above
Correct answer: Answer D Explanation: The author says “ What we need to study independent of foreign control,
different branches of the knowledge that is our own, and with it the English language
and Western science; we need technical education”. Clearly all of the options are
mentioned here by the author
5) According to the author, which among the following is key to attain knowledge?
(A) University Degrees
(B) Library
(C) Concentration of mind
(D) Hard work and sports training
Correct answer: Answer C Explanation: The author says in the passage “There is only one method of attaining
knowledge. It is by concentration” making C the right option.
6) Which of the following words is related to the word “assimilation”?
(A) Integration
(B) Adjustment
(C) Acclimatisation
(D) All of the above
Correct answer: Answer D Explanation: Assimilation refers to the process of taking in and processing something
new. Integration, adjustment and acclimatization all mean similar, hence the answer is D
Passage 2
From a very early age, I knew that when I grew up, I should be a writer. I had the lonely child’s habit of making up stories and holding conversations with imaginary persons, and I think from the very start my literary ambitions were mixed up with the feeling of being isolated and undervalued. I knew that I had a facility with words and a power of facing unpleasant facts, and I felt that this created a sort of private world in which I could get my own back for my failure in everyday life. I wanted to write enormous naturalistic novels with unhappy endings, full of detailed descriptions and arresting similes, and also full of purple passages in which words were used partly for the sake of their sound. I give all this background information because I do not think one can assess a writer’s motives without knowing something of his early development.
His subject-matter will be determined by the age he lives in – at least this is true in tumultuous, revolutionary ages like our own – but before he ever begins to write he will have acquired an emotional attitude from which he will never completely escape. It is his job to discipline his temperament, but if he escapes from his early influences altogether, he will have killed his impulse to write. I think there are four great motives for writing, at any rate for writing prose. They are: (i) Sheer egoism: Desire to seem clever, to be talked about, to be remembered after death, to get your own back on grown-ups who snubbed you in childhood; (ii) Aesthetic enthusiasm: Desire to share an experience which one feels is valuable and ought not to be missed (iii) Historical impulse: Desire to see things as they are, to find out true facts and store them up for the use of posterity (iv) Political purpose : Desire to push the world in a certain direction, to alter other people’s idea of the kind of society that they should strive after.
[Extracted with edits from George Orwell’s “Why I Write”]
Questions
7) George Orwell’s loneliness during childhood led to
(A) Estrangement with his father
(B) Unhappy days
(C) Making up stories
(D) Unpleasant incidents
Correct answer: Answer C
Explanation: The author says in the passage “From a very, early age, I knew that when
I grew up, I should be a writer. I had the lonely child's habit of making up stories”. So the
answer is C.
8) Why does Orwell give background information?
(A) He had the lonely child’s habits
(B) It is essential to know about motives of writers
(C) Because of his historic impulse
(D) Due to the aesthetic enthusiasm
Correct answer: Answer B
Explanation: The author says in the passage “I give all this background information
because I do not think one can assess a writer's motives without knowing something of
his early development.” So the answer is B
9) If writer escapes from early impulses, he will ...
(A) Lose his urge to write
(B) Be unable to imagine creatively
(C) Be able to converse with imaginary characters
(D) Be able to influence others
Correct answer: .Answer A
Explanation: The author says in the passage “if he escapes from his early influences
altogether, he will have killed his impulse to write”. So the answer is clearly A
10) For the author, aesthetic enthusiasm is an important motive for writing because it ...
(A) Shapes the thoughts
(B) Creates an artistic piece
(C) Becomes invaluable
(D) Non-utilitarian
Correct answer: Answer B
Explanation: The writer mentions aesthetic enthusiasm as a motive for writing which in
turn creates a prose. Hence the answer should be B
11) The author strongly advocates the writers to:
(A) Avoid any egoistic impression in their work
(B) Be apolitical in their approach
(C) Be contemporary in their treatment of their work
(D) None of the above
Correct answer: Answer C
Explanation: The author says “His subject-matter will be determined by the age he lives
in”. This means that the writer needs to be contemporary in their work. The author
states egoistic impression and political as motives for writing, but does not advocate
writers against it.
12) Which of the following is a synonym for the word “tumultuous”?
(A) Chaotic
(B) Turbulent
(C) Disorderly
(D) All of the above
Correct answer: Answer D
Explanation: Tumultuous means disruptive. Chaotic, turbulent and disorderly are all
synonyms and hence answer is all of the above
Candidates should draft a clear preparation strategy before starting their preparations. Students must figure out what topics they want to attempt first or how are they going to approach each part of their CLAT preparation.
Students must give special attention to the revision of subjects and topics. It is important that students recollect whatever they have learned during the course of preparation. Students should start early so that they have ample time left for revision in the end.
Candidates are advised to create a study plan and strictly adhere to it. Having a study plan will give students a sense of discipline and consistency in preparation.
Students should practice as many sample papers as possible to get a real-like feel of the exam and understand the paper pattern.
It is important that students take proper breaks during their preparation. Candidates must indulge in their favourite hobbies to avoid any unwanted preparation stress.
CLAT Sample Paper 2026 with Answer Key- Careers360
Download the CLAT Sample Paper 2026 PDF featuring the latest exam pattern with descriptive-type questions for effective preparation.
Q: When should I start practicing CLAT previous year question papers?
A:
Begin practicing CLAT previous year question papers around 2-3 months before the test. This will help you get acquainted with the pattern and enhance your time management abilities.
Q: Are CLAT previous year question papers enough for exam preparation?
A:
While CLAT previous year question papers are helpful in understanding the test format, they should be complemented with extensive study resources, current events, and practice from a variety of sources to guarantee full preparation.
Q: What is the importance of solving CLAT previous year question papers?
A:
Solving CLAT previous year question papers allows you to become acquainted with the test structure, identify key themes, and evaluate your strengths and shortcomings. It also improves your time management abilities and promotes your confidence in the actual test.
Q: What types of questions are asked in CLAT previous year papers?
A:
CLAT previous year papers typically include questions from the following sections: English Language, Current Affairs, Legal Reasoning, Logical Reasoning, Quantitative Techniques. Each section tests specific skills relevant to legal studies.
Q: How can I download CLAT previous year question papers?
A:
Read the complete article to download the CLAT PYQ PDF, CLAT question paper 2025, CLAT question paper 2024, CLAT question paper 2023 and all other previous sessions’ papers.
No, you are not elligible to appear for the CLAT exam
while in Class 11, as the elligiblity criteria require you to be
in or have completed Class 12
. However, you can start preparing for the exam now.
Understand the CLAT Exam pattern.
Analyze your performance by taking practice tests.
Develop a study schedule that balances your schoolwork and CLAT preparation.
You can get the CLAT Exam practice tests by following this link:
Yes, if a student is from Telangana, they can apply for a
reserved seat in CLAT
only if they belong to a reserved category
such as SC, ST, OBC, EWS, or PwD, as per the rules of CLAT and the participating National Law Universities (NLUs).
However, please note:
CLAT does not have a separate “Telangana state quota.”
Reservation is given based on
category
, not on the state, except in some NLUs that offer
domicile (state) reservation
for their own state students.
So, if you are from Telangana, you can:
Apply under your
category reservation (like SC/ST/OBC/EWS)
.
And you may get
Telangana domicile reservation
only in those NLUs that are located in Telangana (for example,
NALSAR University of Law, Hyderabad
).
While NLUs are costly, you can still pursue government-funded law education through state-funded universities and their affiliated colleges that accept CLAT scores, such as institutes like Banaras Hindu University and Aligarh Muslim University.
Read the passage carefully and answer the question
The Contract should be performed by the promisor himself. However, in certain cases, it can also be performed by his agents or legal representatives. It all depends upon the intention of the parties. Normally a contract can be performed by the following persons.
Promisor himself: If from the nature of the contract it appears that it was the intention of the parties that the promise should be performed by the promisor himself, such promise must be performed by the promisor. This usually applies to contracts involving personal skill, task, or artwork.
Promisor or his Agent: Where the contract does not involve the personal skill of the promisor, the contract could be performed by the promisor himself or by any competent person employed by him for the purpose,
Legal Representatives: The contracts which do not involve any personal skill or taste, may be performed by his legal representative after the death of the promisor.
Third Person: In some cases, a contract may be performed by a third person provided the promisee accepts the arrangement. According to Section 41 of the Indian Contract Act, once the promisee accepts the performance from a third person, he cannot compel the promisor to perform the contract again.
Performance of Joint Promises: According to section 42 of the Indian Contract Act, when two or more persons have made a joint promise, the joint promisors must fulfill the promise jointly during their lifetime. And if any one of them dies, then his legal representatives and survivors must jointly fulfill the promise.
Section 43 of the Indian Contract Act further provides that unless a contrary intention appears from the contract, each joint promisor may compel every other joint promisor to contribute equally to the performance of the promise. If any joint promisor makes a default in such contribution, the remaining joint promisors must bear the loss arising from such default in equal shares.
Question:
Aman received a box of chocolates from Basant and promised to pay Rupees 5000. Later on, A becomes bankrupt. Chetan who is a friend of Aman pays rupees 1000 to Besant on behalf of Aman. Aman is not aware of such a transaction. In civil court, insolvency proceedings have started against Aman. Meanwhile, Basant has also applied for a recovery of 5000 rupees. Decide.
Option: 1
Basant is entitled to recover the amount of 5000 from Aman.
Option: 2
Basant is entitled to recover the amount of 4000 from Aman.
Option: 3
Chetan is entitled to recover the amount of 1000 from Basant.
Option: 4
Basant cannot recover any amount from Aman as he has become insolvent.
Read the passage carefully and answer the question
The Contract should be performed by the promisor himself. However, in certain cases, it can also be performed by his agents or legal representatives. It all depends upon the intention of the parties. Normally a contract can be performed by the following persons.
Promisor himself: If from the nature of the contract it appears that it was the intention of the parties that the promise should be performed by the promisor himself, such promise must be performed by the promisor. This usually applies to contracts involving personal skill, task, or artwork.
Promisor or his Agent: Where the contract does not involve the personal skill of the promisor, the contract could be performed by the promisor himself or by any competent person employed by him for the purpose,
Legal Representatives: The contracts which do not involve any personal skill or taste, may be performed by his legal representative after the death of the promisor.
Third Person: In some cases, a contract may be performed by a third person provided the promisee accepts the arrangement. According to Section 41 of the Indian Contract Act, once the promisee accepts the performance from a third person, he cannot compel the promisor to perform the contract again.
Performance of Joint Promises: According to section 42 of the Indian Contract Act, when two or more persons have made a joint promise, the joint promisors must fulfill the promise jointly during their lifetime. And if any one of them dies, then his legal representatives and survivors must jointly fulfill the promise.
Section 43 of the Indian Contract Act further provides that unless a contrary intention appears from the contract, each joint promisor may compel every other joint promisor to contribute equally to the performance of the promise. If any joint promisor makes a default in such contribution, the remaining joint promisors must bear the loss arising from such default in equal shares.
Question:
K promises to paint a picture for L on a certain day, at a certain price. K dies before the day of the contract. Decide.
Option: 1
The contract can be enforced by K’s representative
Option: 2
The contract can be enforced by L
Option: 3
The contract can be enforced either by K’s representation or by L
Option: 4
The contract cannot be enforced either by K’s representative, or L
Read the passage carefully and answer the question
The Contract should be performed by the promisor himself. However, in certain cases, it can also be performed by his agents or legal representatives. It all depends upon the intention of the parties. Normally a contract can be performed by the following persons.
Promisor himself: If from the nature of the contract it appears that it was the intention of the parties that the promise should be performed by the promisor himself, such promise must be performed by the promisor. This usually applies to contracts involving personal skill, task, or artwork.
Promisor or his Agent: Where the contract does not involve the personal skill of the promisor, the contract could be performed by the promisor himself or by any competent person employed by him for the purpose,
Legal Representatives: The contracts which do not involve any personal skill or taste, may be performed by his legal representative after the death of the promisor.
Third Person: In some cases, a contract may be performed by a third person provided the promisee accepts the arrangement. According to Section 41 of the Indian Contract Act, once the promisee accepts the performance from a third person, he cannot compel the promisor to perform the contract again.
Performance of Joint Promises: According to section 42 of the Indian Contract Act, when two or more persons have made a joint promise, the joint promisors must fulfill the promise jointly during their lifetime. And if any one of them dies, then his legal representatives and survivors must jointly fulfill the promise.
Section 43 of the Indian Contract Act further provides that unless a contrary intention appears from the contract, each joint promisor may compel every other joint promisor to contribute equally to the performance of the promise. If any joint promisor makes a default in such contribution, the remaining joint promisors must bear the loss arising from such default in equal shares.
Question:
Rohan has agreed to manage the catering services during the marriage of Sohan’s son Ramu. On the day of marriage, Rohan felt ill and sent his manager to the management of catering services. Ramu happily gets married to Tina and people appreciated the food and decoration of the event. When Rohan asked Sohan for the remaining amount, he denied it because Rohan himself had not managed so it is a breach. Decide.
Option: 1
Rohan is not entitled to get the remaining amount due to a breach of contract.
Option: 2
Rohan is entitled to sue Sohan for the remaining amount.
Option: 3
Rohan is entitled to sue Ramu because it was his marriage.
Option: 4
Instead of Rohan, his manager can only sue Sohan for the breach.
Read the passage and answer the question that follow.
Natural justice is another name for common sense justice rules of natural justice are not in codified form these principles are embedded or ingrained or inbuilt in the conscience of human beings. It supplies the omission made in codified law and helps in the administration of justice. Natural justice is not only confined to ‘fairness’ it will take many shades and colours based on the context. Thus natural justice apart from ‘fairness’ also implies reasonableness, equity and equality. They are neither cast in a rigid mould nor can they be put in a legal straitjacket. These principles written by nature in the heart of mankind, they are immutable, inviolable, and inalienable.
It is true that the concept of natural justice is not very clear and, therefore, it is not possible to define it; yet the principles of natural justice are accepted and enforced. In the case of Ridge V. Baldwin Court observed that “in modern times have sometimes been expressed to the effect that natural justice is as vague as to be practically meaningless. But I would regard these as tainted by the perennial fallacy that because something cannot be cut and dried or nicely weighed or measured therefore it does not exist”. The term natural justice signifies fundamental rules of judicial procedure and fair play in action. According to Lord Widgery “the principles of natural justice were those fundamental rules; the breach will prevent justice from being seen to be done”. Earliest expression of ‘natural justice’ could be found in the philosophical expression of Roman Jurist (jus natural) and signified rules and principles for the conduct of man which were independent of enacted law or customs and could be discovered by the rational intelligence of man and would grow out of and conform to his nature.
The rule against bias that surfaced in 1610 in Dr Bonham's Casewhere Chief Justice Coke went so far as to say that the Court could declare an Act of Parliament void if it made a man as judge in his own cause, or otherwise ‘against common right and reason’. This was one of his grounds for disallowing the claim of the College of Physicians to fine and imprison Doctor Bonham, a Doctor of Physics of Cambridge University, for practising in the city of London without the licence of College of Physicians. The statute under which the College acted provided that fines should go half to the King half to the College so that the College had a financial interest in its own judgement and was judged in its own cause.
Question:
X is a student of a college and his father Y is a professor in the same college. In one instance, X is caught to be involved in unparliamentary activities inside the college campus. The enquiry committee is set up and Y is appointed as the head of the committee. Decide.
Option: 1
Y is a professor of the same college hence he can become a member of the enquiry committee
Option: 2
Y is X’s father hence he should not be a part of the enquiry committee
Option: 3
Y can be a part of the enquiry committee but cannot be its head
Option: 4
There is no rule that prevents the appointment of Y until he fulfils his function diligently
Read the passage and answer the question that follow.
Natural justice is another name for common sense justice rules of natural justice are not in codified form these principles are embedded or ingrained or inbuilt in the conscience of human beings. It supplies the omission made in codified law and helps in the administration of justice. Natural justice is not only confined to ‘fairness’ it will take many shades and colours based on the context. Thus natural justice apart from ‘fairness’ also implies reasonableness, equity and equality. They are neither cast in a rigid mould nor can they be put in a legal straitjacket. These principles written by nature in the heart of mankind, they are immutable, inviolable, and inalienable.
It is true that the concept of natural justice is not very clear and, therefore, it is not possible to define it; yet the principles of natural justice are accepted and enforced. In the case of Ridge V. Baldwin Court observed that “in modern times have sometimes been expressed to the effect that natural justice is as vague as to be practically meaningless. But I would regard these as tainted by the perennial fallacy that because something cannot be cut and dried or nicely weighed or measured therefore it does not exist”. The term natural justice signifies fundamental rules of judicial procedure and fair play in action. According to Lord Widgery “the principles of natural justice were those fundamental rules; the breach will prevent justice from being seen to be done”. Earliest expression of ‘natural justice’ could be found in the philosophical expression of Roman Jurist (jus natural) and signified rules and principles for the conduct of man which were independent of enacted law or customs and could be discovered by the rational intelligence of man and would grow out of and conform to his nature.
The rule against bias that surfaced in 1610 in Dr Bonham's Casewhere Chief Justice Coke went so far as to say that the Court could declare an Act of Parliament void if it made a man as judge in his own cause, or otherwise ‘against common right and reason’. This was one of his grounds for disallowing the claim of the College of Physicians to fine and imprison Doctor Bonham, a Doctor of Physics of Cambridge University, for practising in the city of London without the licence of College of Physicians. The statute under which the College acted provided that fines should go half to the King half to the College so that the College had a financial interest in its own judgement and was judged in its own cause.
Question:
Mr X is an employee of a corporate office. His wife Y is a judge. In one instance, X is found to be involved in a money laundering case at his office. The office now files a suit and Y is appointed as the judge for this case. Decide.
Option: 1
Y is a judge by herself, hence can be appointed to adjudicate this case
Option: 2
Y is can be appointed as a judge only if she fulfils her responsibilities without any bias
Option: 3
Y can adjudicate the case and if the company finds the penalty to be insufficient then they can appeal against it
Read the passage and answer the question that follow.
Natural justice is another name for common sense justice rules of natural justice are not in codified form these principles are embedded or ingrained or inbuilt in the conscience of human beings. It supplies the omission made in codified law and helps in the administration of justice. Natural justice is not only confined to ‘fairness’ it will take many shades and colours based on the context. Thus natural justice apart from ‘fairness’ also implies reasonableness, equity and equality. They are neither cast in a rigid mould nor can they be put in a legal straitjacket. These principles written by nature in the heart of mankind, they are immutable, inviolable, and inalienable.
It is true that the concept of natural justice is not very clear and, therefore, it is not possible to define it; yet the principles of natural justice are accepted and enforced. In the case of Ridge V. Baldwin Court observed that “in modern times have sometimes been expressed to the effect that natural justice is as vague as to be practically meaningless. But I would regard these as tainted by the perennial fallacy that because something cannot be cut and dried or nicely weighed or measured therefore it does not exist”. The term natural justice signifies fundamental rules of judicial procedure and fair play in action. According to Lord Widgery “the principles of natural justice were those fundamental rules; the breach will prevent justice from being seen to be done”. Earliest expression of ‘natural justice’ could be found in the philosophical expression of Roman Jurist (jus natural) and signified rules and principles for the conduct of man which were independent of enacted law or customs and could be discovered by the rational intelligence of man and would grow out of and conform to his nature.
The rule against bias that surfaced in 1610 in Dr Bonham's Casewhere Chief Justice Coke went so far as to say that the Court could declare an Act of Parliament void if it made a man as judge in his own cause, or otherwise ‘against common right and reason’. This was one of his grounds for disallowing the claim of the College of Physicians to fine and imprison Doctor Bonham, a Doctor of Physics of Cambridge University, for practising in the city of London without the licence of College of Physicians. The statute under which the College acted provided that fines should go half to the King half to the College so that the College had a financial interest in its own judgement and was judged in its own cause.
Question:
X was a renowned cricketer in the 1980s. His son Y is a struggling cricketer who has been trying to get into the national team for many years. In the year 2020, X is appointed as a member of the selection committee. In the match which is supposed to decide the final team of the nation, Y scores a century and Z scores 65 runs. However, Z is selected to represent India and Y is not. Y now appeals against the decision, the main ground being the presence of X in the committee. Decide.
Option: 1
The appeal will stand as Y scored a century yet Z was selected after scoring 65 runs
Option: 2
The appeal will be quashed since X’s presence should have benefitted Y, but it didn’t, hence the rejection of Y is valid
Option: 3
The appeal will stand as X’s presence is a factor of bias
Option: 4
The appeal will be quashed since X was a renowned cricketer
Read the passage and answer the question that follow.
Natural justice is another name for common sense justice rules of natural justice are not in codified form these principles are embedded or ingrained or inbuilt in the conscience of human beings. It supplies the omission made in codified law and helps in the administration of justice. Natural justice is not only confined to ‘fairness’ it will take many shades and colours based on the context. Thus natural justice apart from ‘fairness’ also implies reasonableness, equity and equality. They are neither cast in a rigid mould nor can they be put in a legal straitjacket. These principles written by nature in the heart of mankind, they are immutable, inviolable, and inalienable.
It is true that the concept of natural justice is not very clear and, therefore, it is not possible to define it; yet the principles of natural justice are accepted and enforced. In the case of Ridge V. Baldwin Court observed that “in modern times have sometimes been expressed to the effect that natural justice is as vague as to be practically meaningless. But I would regard these as tainted by the perennial fallacy that because something cannot be cut and dried or nicely weighed or measured therefore it does not exist”. The term natural justice signifies fundamental rules of judicial procedure and fair play in action. According to Lord Widgery “the principles of natural justice were those fundamental rules; the breach will prevent justice from being seen to be done”. Earliest expression of ‘natural justice’ could be found in the philosophical expression of Roman Jurist (jus natural) and signified rules and principles for the conduct of man which were independent of enacted law or customs and could be discovered by the rational intelligence of man and would grow out of and conform to his nature.
The rule against bias that surfaced in 1610 in Dr Bonham's Casewhere Chief Justice Coke went so far as to say that the Court could declare an Act of Parliament void if it made a man as judge in his own cause, or otherwise ‘against common right and reason’. This was one of his grounds for disallowing the claim of the College of Physicians to fine and imprison Doctor Bonham, a Doctor of Physics of Cambridge University, for practising in the city of London without the licence of College of Physicians. The statute under which the College acted provided that fines should go half to the King half to the College so that the College had a financial interest in its own judgement and was judged in its own cause.
Question:
X is a married judge who is well known for his honesty in the entire city. He has a son Y. One fine day Y gets kidnapped and the kidnapper demands a sum of 20 lakhs from X. However, the kidnapper is caught by the police. X is now appointed as the judge for the hearing of the kidnapper. Decide.
Option: 1
X can be the judge since he can decide the punishment better as he was the sufferer
Option: 2
X cannot be the judge since there is a possibility that he will be biased while delivering the judgement
Option: 3
X can be the judge since he is renowned for his honesty and fulfil his duties
Option: 4
X can be the judge but his statement can be appealed against if delivered with bias
Read the passage and answer the question that follow.
Natural justice is another name for common sense justice rules of natural justice are not in codified form these principles are embedded or ingrained or inbuilt in the conscience of human beings. It supplies the omission made in codified law and helps in the administration of justice. Natural justice is not only confined to ‘fairness’ it will take many shades and colours based on the context. Thus natural justice apart from ‘fairness’ also implies reasonableness, equity and equality. They are neither cast in a rigid mould nor can they be put in a legal straitjacket. These principles written by nature in the heart of mankind, they are immutable, inviolable, and inalienable.
It is true that the concept of natural justice is not very clear and, therefore, it is not possible to define it; yet the principles of natural justice are accepted and enforced. In the case of Ridge V. Baldwin Court observed that “in modern times have sometimes been expressed to the effect that natural justice is as vague as to be practically meaningless. But I would regard these as tainted by the perennial fallacy that because something cannot be cut and dried or nicely weighed or measured therefore it does not exist”. The term natural justice signifies fundamental rules of judicial procedure and fair play in action. According to Lord Widgery “the principles of natural justice were those fundamental rules; the breach will prevent justice from being seen to be done”. Earliest expression of ‘natural justice’ could be found in the philosophical expression of Roman Jurist (jus natural) and signified rules and principles for the conduct of man which were independent of enacted law or customs and could be discovered by the rational intelligence of man and would grow out of and conform to his nature.
The rule against bias that surfaced in 1610 in Dr Bonham's Casewhere Chief Justice Coke went so far as to say that the Court could declare an Act of Parliament void if it made a man as judge in his own cause, or otherwise ‘against common right and reason’. This was one of his grounds for disallowing the claim of the College of Physicians to fine and imprison Doctor Bonham, a Doctor of Physics of Cambridge University, for practising in the city of London without the licence of College of Physicians. The statute under which the College acted provided that fines should go half to the King half to the College so that the College had a financial interest in its own judgement and was judged in its own cause.
Question:
X and Y have been married for five years. X is a judge and Y is a doctor. X is pretty much unhappy with his married life so he wants to divorce Y. Y refuses to agree to a divorce by mutual consent hence X files a suit against Y. Decide.
Option: 1
X cannot file a suit since he is a judge
Option: 2
X can file a suit against Y in legal capacity but not as a judge
Option: 3
X cannot file a divorce suit against Y since there is no valid ground for divorce
Option: 4
X can proceed with mutual consent but not contested divorce
Read the passage and answer the question that follow.
In the case of M/S Halonex Limited, 59-A Noida vs State of U.P., it was held that “In reply to the aforesaid submission, learned counsel for opposite party no.2 submitted that the case of the applicants that no amount is due from their side to the complainant is a matter of defence which cannot be considered at this stage. It has been submitted that the term 'entrustment' as used in Section 405 IPC has been given a wider interpretation. It has been submitted that the goods returned by the complainant to the Company for replacement or for reimbursement would be deemed to have been entrusted to the Company and as the applicants 2 & 3 were handling its affair they become responsible. To buttress the said submission, the learned counsel for the complainant drew the attention of the Court to a decision of the Apex Court in the case of Ram Narayan Popli Vs. Central Bureau of Investigation: (2003) 3 SCC 641, wherein it was observed that: "the term "entrustment" is not necessarily a term of law. It may have different implications in different contexts. In its most general signification all it imports is the handing over possession for some purpose which may not imply the conferring of any proprietary right at all." Attention was also drawn to an observation made in the judgment of the aforesaid case, where it was observed that: "to establish the charge of criminal breach of trust, the prosecution is not obliged to prove the precise mode of conversion, misappropriation or misapplication by the accused of the property entrusted to him or over which he has dominion. The principal ingredient of the offence being dishonest misappropriation or conversion which may not ordinarily be a matter of direct proof, entrustment of property and failure in breach of an obligation to account for the property entrusted if proved, may, in the light of other circumstances, justifiably lead to an inference of dishonest misappropriation or conversion”.
Question:
X tracks down an expensive necklace on the road. Not knowing to whom it belongs. X sells it promptly to a jeweller without attempting to find the owner or submitting the necklace to the authorities. Decide the liability of X.
Read the passage and answer the question that follow.
In the case of M/S Halonex Limited, 59-A Noida vs State of U.P., it was held that “In reply to the aforesaid submission, learned counsel for opposite party no.2 submitted that the case of the applicants that no amount is due from their side to the complainant is a matter of defence which cannot be considered at this stage. It has been submitted that the term 'entrustment' as used in Section 405 IPC has been given a wider interpretation. It has been submitted that the goods returned by the complainant to the Company for replacement or for reimbursement would be deemed to have been entrusted to the Company and as the applicants 2 & 3 were handling its affair they become responsible. To buttress the said submission, the learned counsel for the complainant drew the attention of the Court to a decision of the Apex Court in the case of Ram Narayan Popli Vs. Central Bureau of Investigation: (2003) 3 SCC 641, wherein it was observed that: "the term "entrustment" is not necessarily a term of law. It may have different implications in different contexts. In its most general signification all it imports is the handing over possession for some purpose which may not imply the conferring of any proprietary right at all." Attention was also drawn to an observation made in the judgment of the aforesaid case, where it was observed that: "to establish the charge of criminal breach of trust, the prosecution is not obliged to prove the precise mode of conversion, misappropriation or misapplication by the accused of the property entrusted to him or over which he has dominion. The principal ingredient of the offence being dishonest misappropriation or conversion which may not ordinarily be a matter of direct proof, entrustment of property and failure in breach of an obligation to account for the property entrusted if proved, may, in the light of other circumstances, justifiably lead to an inference of dishonest misappropriation or conversion”.
Question:
P borrows from L his phone for using it to call his parents. However, when L is distracted, P removes the memory card of the phone and later on sells it. Decide the liability of P.
Option: 1
P is guilty under dishonest misappropriation of property
Option: 2
P is not guilty for any offence since the phone was given with consent
Option: 3
P is guilty for theft
Option: 4
P has been handed over the phone, so he has the right to use it as he likes
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