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CLAT Registration 2025 (Last Date Oct 22): Direct Link, How to Fill Application Form, Fees

CLAT Registration 2025 (Last Date Oct 22): Direct Link, How to Fill Application Form, Fees

Edited By Sumeet Sudarshan | Updated on Oct 15, 2024 05:26 PM IST | #CLAT
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The Consortium of National Law Universities has extended the CLAT 2025 application form till October 22, 2024. Candidates who wish to appear for the exam can register from the official website - consortiumofnlus.ac.in. The CLAT 2025 registration fee is Rs. 4,000 for the general category and Rs. 3,500 for SC/ST candidates. The CLAT application form 2025 process includes providing personal information, communication, education details, and test centre preferences. Earlier, the consortium had opened the CLAT 2025 application form on July 15. A notable change in CLAT 2025 registration is that candidates now have to fill in their NLU preferences after the declaration of the CLAT 2025 result. The direct link to fill CLAT 2025 registration form along with a detailed explanation of the application process is given below in this article.

Candidates who successfully register and complete the application process will be able to download the CLAT 2025 admit card upon its release tentatively a week before the examination. The consortium will conduct CLAT 2025 on December 1, 2024, in offline mode. The scores of Common Law Admission Test will be accepted by 24 National Law Universities and more than 60 law schools across the country.

CLAT 2025 Registration Dates

The table given below provides the important dates for CLAT 2025 registration. The CLAT 2025 application window has already been notified. Candidates must register before the CLAT 2025 last date. The application correction window and admit card date will be notified later.

CLAT 2025 Application Form Dates

Event

Dates

Release of CLAT 2025 admission notification

July 7, 2024

Opening of CLAT exam form

July 15, 2024 (Started)

CLAT 2025 registration last date

October 15, 2024

October 22, 2024 (up to 11:59 pm)

CLAT 2025 application correction last date

Third week of November 2024

Release of admit card

Third week of November 2024

CLAT 2025 exam date

December 1, 2024 (Announced)

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SLAT 2025 - The Symbiosis Law Admission Test

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CLAT Legal Reasoning Mock Tests

Free Ebook - CLAT 2025 legal reasoning questions with detailed solutions

CLAT Eligibility Criteria 2025

The consortium prescribes the CLAT 2025 eligibility criteria in the CLAT 2025 notification. The eligibility criteria of CLAT 2025 include the minimum educational qualification, minimum passing marks, and age limit (if any). The detailed CLAT eligibility criteria 2025 is given in the table below.

CLAT 2025 Eligibility Criteria

Particulars

Details

CLAT UG 2025 Eligibility Criteria

Candidates should have passed Class 12 with at least 45% marks (40% in the case of SC and ST candidates).


Candidates appearing for Class 12 exams can also apply provided they submit the qualifying certificates at the time of admission.

CLAT PG Eligibility Criteria 2025

LLB (3-year LLB or 5-year LLB) with at least 50% marks (45% in the case of SC and ST candidates).


Candidates appearing for final year graduation exams can also apply provided they submit their qualifying certificates at the time of admission.

CLAT Application Form 2025 - Documents Required for Registration

  • Front facing passport size recent photograph with plain background

  • Signature of the candidate

  • Category certificate if you are applying under SC/ST/OBC

  • Relevant certificate issued by a competent authority if you are applying if the candidate is P.W.D

  • Relevant certificate issued by a competent authority if you are coming under the BPL category

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CLAT Registration 2025: Document Specifications

Given below is the format and specifications for the candidate's photograph and signature to be uploaded at the time of submitting the CLAT 2025 application form.

Document Specifications for CLAT 2025 registration

Document

Image size (maximum)

Format

Photograph

500 KB

jpg/jpeg or PNG

Signature

100 KB

jpg/jpeg or PNG

State of domicile certificate

1.5 MB

PDF

Steps to fill CLAT 2025 Application Form

The CLAT application form-filling process is carried out completely online through the official website of Consortium of NLUs - consortiumofnlus.ac.in. The CLAT 2025 application process will involve steps like registration, uploading of relevant documents, detailed application form filling andapplication fee payment. Candidates must fill the form before the CLAT 2025 application form last date. The step-by-step process to complete CLAT 2025 registration has been mentioned in the section below.

CLAT-application-process-chart

How to apply for CLAT 2025?

Filling out the application form of CLAT 2025 consists of the steps given below:

  • CLAT 2025 Registration

  • Filling out the detailed application form

  • Uploading documents

  • Application Fee Payment

  • Submission of application form

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CLAT-2025-registration-page

CLAT Registration 2025

The first step in submitting the CLAT application form 2025 is to complete initial registration. The CLAT 2025 registration can be completed by following the below-given steps:

  • Log on to the official website of CLAT: consortiumofnlus.ac.in.

  • Click on the CLAT 2025 link on the homepage.

  • Next, click on the “New Registration” tab.

  • Enter CLAT registration details like your contact number, email address, password and other details.

  • Enter the One Time Password (OTP) received on your mobile number and password to activate your CLAT account.

CLAT-2025-registration-details

Filling out the detailed CLAT 2025 application form

Once the CLAT registration is completed, the second step is to fill out the detailed application form. The detailed application form has been divided into five sections: personal details, communication details, qualifying examination details, test centre preferences, and reservation. The details to be filled in each section have been given below:

Personal Details

  • Upload your recent passport-size photograph in the given specifications.

  • Enter the required personal details like name, date of birth, gender, parent’s names, nationality, residential status and NRI status (if applicable).

  • Click on the “Next” button after entering all the details.

Communication Details

In this section, candidates will be required to enter their permanent address, correspondence address, email id and phone number.

Educational Details

While filling this section of CLAT 2025 application form, candidates will have to enter their qualifying exam name (Class 12 for UG, LLB for LLM), name of the board or university, passing status, percentage/CGPA, month and year of passing the exam.

Test Centre Preferences

In this section, students will have to enter three CLAT exam centres in the order of their preference. Candidates will be allotted their exam centres based on their preference and availability of seats at the exam centre. CLAT 2025 will be conducted at around 89 cities in India. The list of CLAT 2025 exam centres is given below:

CLAT Exam Centres 2025: State and City-Wise List

StateTest Cities
Andhra PradeshChittor/Tirupathi
Kurnool
Rajahmundry
Vijayawada
Vishakapatnam
AssamGuwahati
BiharMuzaffarpur
Patna
ChhattisgarhBilaspur
Durg
Raipur
GujaratGandhinagar
Rajkot
Surat
Vadodara
HaryanaFaridabad
Gurugram
Hisar
Kurukshetra
Sonepat
Himachal PradeshShimla
Jammu and KashmirJammu
Srinagar
JharkhandJamshedpur
Ranchi
KarnatakaBengaluru
Hubli / Dharwad
Mangalore
Mysore
KeralaCalicut
Ernakulam
Kottayam
Thiruvananthapuram
Madhya PradeshBhopal
Gwalior
Indore
Jabalpur
MaharashtraAmrawati
Aurangabad
Mumbai
Nagpur
Navi Mumbai
Pune
Thane
ManipurImphal
MeghalayaShillong
National Capital Territory of DelhiNew Delhi
OdishaBhubaneswar
Cuttack
PunjabAmritsar
Jalandhar
Mohali
Patiala
Chandigarh UTChandigarh
RajasthanJaipur
Jodhpur
Kota
SikkimGangtok
Tamil NaduChennai
Coimbatore
Madurai
Salem
Tirunelveli
Trichy
TelanganaHyderabad
TripuraAgartala
Union TerritoryPuducherry
Union Territory (part of Dadra and Nagar Haveli)Silvassa
Union Territory (part of Daman and Diu)Diu
Uttar PradeshAgra
Allahabad
Bareilly
Ghaziabad
Gorakhpur
Greater Noida / Noida
Jhansi
Kanpur
Lucknow
Meerut
Varanasi
UttarakhandDehradun
Haldwani
West BengalAsansol
Barrackpore
Hooghly
Kharagpur
Kolkata
Malda
Siliguri

You may also check:

Uploading the Documents

The third step to submit the CLAT 2025 application form is to upload the required documents. Candidates are required to upload their recent passport size photographs in plain background and a scanned copy of the candidate's signature in the prescribed format. Candidates from the reserved category are required to upload their category certificate to avail the benefit of reservation.

Application Fee Payment

The fourth step in the CLAT 2025 application process is to pay the prescribed registration fee. The CLAT 2025 application fee must be paid in online mode only. Given below are the fee details.

CLAT 2025 Application Form Fee

Category

Fee

Mode of payment

General/ OBC/PwD/NRI/PIO//OCI category

Rs. 4,000

Online:

Net Banking

Credit Card

Debit Card

SC/ST/BPL category

Rs 3,500

Submission of application form

The last step in the CLAT 2025 application form process is to review all the filled in details and submit the application. Candidates must make sure all the details are correctly filled in. No changes will be allowed in the chosen programme and reservation details filled in the CLAT application form 2025. Once all the details have been rechecked, candidates can click on the “Submit” button to complete the application process.

CLAT 2025 Application Correction Window

The Consortium of NLUs will open the CLAT 2025 application form correction window after closing the registrations. Candidates will be able to make the corrections to the CLAT application form 2025 through the official website - consortiumofnlus.ac.in by logging into their CLAT account. The correction window is the only way to make modifications to the CLAT application form.

Steps to Make Corrections in CLAT Application Form 2025

  • Visit the official website - consortiumofnlus.ac.in
  • Click on the CLAT 2025 application correction link
  • Login with the registered mobile number and password
  • Click on the Edit Application option
  • Make the desired changes
  • Submit the corrections

CLAT 2025 Registration for NRI/ NRI Sponsored Category

Given below are a few points on CLAT registration 2025 for candidates applying under NRI/NRI sponsored category.

  • Candidates must be an NRI/PIO/OCI to be eligible under the NRI category
  • Such candidates must select the NRI category while filling out the CLAT 2025 application form
  • To be eligible under NRI sponsored category, it is not mandatory that the candidate must be an NRI. Candidates whose legal guardian is an NRI, or the son/daughter of an NRI/PIO/OCI, or a candidate sponsored by an NRI/PIO/OCI can apply under this category.
  • Candidates must appear and obtain a valid score in CLAT 2025. However, such candidates must separately apply to the participating NLU in which they wish to seek admission.

Important Points for CLAT 2025 Registration

Given below are some of the important points to remember when filling up the CLAT 2025 application form:

  • Candidates must complete CLAT 2025 registration in online mode only through the consortium's official website.
  • The mobile number and email ID used at the time of CLAT registration must be preserved till the end of the admission process.
  • The NLU preferences are not required to be provided at the time of submitting the CLAT 2025 application form. Candidates will be allowed to provide their preferences after the declaration of the result.
  • All the particulars furnished in the CLAT application form 2025 must be correct and true otherwise it may lead to disqualification of the candidate.

How to recover the CLAT 2025 login password?

Candidates can recover the CLAT 2025 login password by using the "Forgot password" option. Upon using it, candidates would be sent an OTP to reset the password on their registered mobile number. With the help of this OTP candidates would be able to set a new password and access their CLAT 2025 account.

CLAT Registration Statistics

Particulars20242023202220212020
CLAT Registration

Registration - CLAT UG - 60295 (97.03% appeared (58,504)

CLAT PG - 10948 (93.92% appeared (10,282)

Number of candidates registered - UG 44,763, PG - 9,490

Number of appeared candidates - UG - 42,766, PG - 8,703
Number of candidates registered - 60,895
Number of candidates appeared - 56,472
Number of Registered Candidates - 70,277

Number of appeared candidates - 62,107
  • CLAT UG - 53,532
  • CLAT PG - 8,574
Number of Registered Candidates - 75,183

Number of appeared candidates - 59,443
  • CLAT UG - 53,226
  • CLAT PG - 6217

CLAT 2025 Reservation Details

The NLUs offer domicile reservations for the candidates. Under domicile reservation as per the CLAT 2025 reservation criteria, candidates from the state were the NLU is located are given special reservations in seats. Candidates to claim this reservation will have to upload their domicile certificate in PDF form. The reservation details for all NLUs have been given below:

NLUs offering domicile reservation

NLUs

Domicile %

NLSIU Bengaluru

25%

NALSAR Hyderabad

25%

WBNUJS Kolkata

33%

NLIU Bhopal

50%

NLU Jodhpur

25%

HNLU Raipur

50%

GNLU Gandhinagar

25%

GNLU Silvassa Campus

25%

RMLNLU Lucknow

45%

RGNUL Patiala

10%

CNLU Patna

50%

NUALS Kochi

49%

NLUO, Odisha, Cuttack

25%

NUSRL Ranchi

50%

NLUJA Assam, Guwahati

50%

DSNLU Visakhapatnam

48%

TNNLU Tiruchirappalli

48%

MNLU Mumbai

62%

MNLU Nagpur

62%

MNLU Aurangabad

62%

HPNLU Shimla

25%

DNLU Jabalpur

50%

DBRANLU, Sonipat, Haryana

25%

NLUT Agartala

30%

Adding NLU Preferences

A notable change from the previous year is that candidates don't have to add the NLU preferences during the CLAT 2025 registration process. The NLU preferences have to be filled out after the declaration of the CLAT 2025 result. Candidates will have the benefit of filling their NLU choices as per their expected CLAT score. Candidates can take help of the CLAT 2025 marks vs rank analysis to understand which are the NLUs where they have the maximum chance of securing admission with their CLAT score and rank. A good score in CLAT 2025 is expected to be in the range of 90-100 marks for top NLUs

Candidates will be required to add NLU choices in the order of their preferences through CLAT login. Entering NLU preferences is a mandatory step in the CLAT 2025 admission process. Candidates will be able to gain admission only into those NLUs which are part of their NLU preferences. Therefore, candidates must provide maximum number of preferences.

How to Fill NLU Preferences?

Candidates can fill their NLU preferences by following the steps given below:

  • Visit the official website - consoritumofnlus.ac.in
  • Click on CLAT 2025 tab and login
  • Click on update preferences
  • Enter the NLUs in the order of preference
  • Submit the preference list

CLAT 2025 Participating NLUs with Seat Intake

The table given below provides the CLAT seats at each of the participating NLU excluding the supernumerary seats and NRI seats.

CLAT UG 2025 NLU Seat Intake

NLU CLAT UG 2025 Seat Intake and Courses Offered

NLU NameCourseCLAT Seats



NLSIU Bengaluru

BA LLB (Hons.)

300

NALSAR Hyderabad

BA LLB (Hons.)

132

NLIU Bhopal

BA LLB (Hons.)

104


BSc LLB (Hons.)

59

WBNUJS Kolkata

BA LLB (Hons.)

110


B.Sc LLB (Hons.)

52

NLU Jodhpur

BA LLB (Hons.)

90


BBA LLB (Hons.)

30

HNLU Raipur

BA LLB (Hons.)

170

GNLU Gandhinagar

5-year LLB (BA LLB(Hons.); BCom LLB(Hons.); BSc LLB (Hons.); BBA LLB(Hons) and BSW LLB(Hons)

172

GNLU Silvassa Campus

BA LLB (Hons)

66

RMNLU Luknow

BA LLB (Hons)

169

RGNUL Patiala

BA LLB (Hons)

180

CNLU Patna

BA LLB (Hons)

69


BBA LLB (Hons)

69

NUALS Kochi

BA LLB (Hons)

60

NLUO Cuttack

BA LLB (Hons)

106


BBA LLB (Hons)

53

NUSRL Ranchi

BA LLB (Hons)

120


BBA LLB (Hons)

60

NLUJA Kamrup

BA LLB (Hons)

60

DSNLU Visakhapatnam

BA LLB (Hons)

120

TNNLU Tiruchirappalli

BA LLB (Hons)

56


BCom LLB (Hons)

56

MNLU Mumbai

BA LLB (Hons)

100

MNLU Nagpur

BA LLB (Hons)

120


BA LLB (Hons in Adjudication and Justicing)

60


BBA LLB (Hons)

60

MNLU Aurangabad

BA LLB (Hons.)

60


BBA LLB (Hons)

60

HPNLU Shimla

BA LLB (Hons)

120


BBA LLB (Hons)

60

DNLU Jabalpur

BA LLB (Hons)

120

DBRANLU Sonepat

BA LLB (Hons)

120

NLU Tripura

BA LLB (Hons)

60

Total


3403


CLAT Registration 2025 Helpdesk

In case of any doubts or issues regarding filling up the CLAT 2025 application form, candidates can contact the NLU consortium through the official helpline as mentioned below.

CLAT Helpdesk Details

ParticularsDetails
Email idclat@consortiumofnlus.ac.in
Contact number

08047162020 (10:00 am to 05:00 pm on all working days)

CLAT Admit Card 2025

Candidates who have completed the CLAT registration 2025 will be able to download their admit cards in due time. The CLAT 2025 admit card will be released tentatively in the third week of November 2025. Students must note that the CLAT admit card 2025 is a mandatory document that needs to be carried on the day of exam to get entry inside the examination hall. Students can download their CLAT admit card by logging in to the candidate portal with valid credentials.

You may also read:

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

1. When should I apply for CLAT 2025?

The CLAT 2025 registration window has opened on July 15, 2024.

2. What is the fee of CLAT 2025?

The CLAT 2025 application fee for General / OBC / PWD/ NRI / PIO / OCI candidates is Rs 4,000. SC / ST / BPL candidates will have to pay a registration fee of Rs 3,500.

3. Will CLAT 2025 be held twice?

No, CLAT 2025 will be held once in December.

4. What is the CLAT 2025 registration last date?

The last date for CLAT 2025 registration is October 15, 2024.

5. When will CLAT 2025 be conducted?

CLAT 2025 will be conducted on December 1, 2024.

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Questions related to CLAT

Have a question related to CLAT ?

Hy,

  1. For CLAT (Common Law Admission Test) : No, it is not mandatory to have mathematics in Class 12 to apply for CLAT. CLAT is the entrance exam for undergraduate law programs (BA LLB, BBA LLB, etc.) in National Law Universities (NLUs) across India. The eligibility criteria for CLAT UG simply require you to have passed Class 12 with at least 45% marks (40% for reserved categories). The test itself includes a section on quantitative techniques, but it covers basic mathematics (up to Class 10 level), so you don't need to have studied math in Class 12.

  2. For Law Programs via CUET (Common University Entrance Test) : Similar to CLAT, maths is not mandatory for applying to law programs through CUET. CUET offers access to various central universities and other participating institutions for undergraduate courses, including law. The eligibility typically revolves around having passed Class 12 with a minimum percentage as set by the individual university or program. However, different universities may have slightly varied requirements, so it's advisable to check the specific eligibility criteria of the law program you’re interested in. Most of them, however, do not mandate mathematics as a subject in 12th.

In conclusion, while basic math skills are tested in the CLAT, math is not a required subject in Class 12 for either CLAT or most CUET-based law programs.

Hello from Careers360,

Thank you for your interest in our CLAT preparation resources. We appreciate your query about accessing free recorded CLAT classes.

To watch a free CLAT recorded class from Careers360, you can follow these steps:

  1. Visit the Careers360 website
  2. Navigate to the CLAT preparation section
  3. Look for any available free resources or demo classes

However, I want to be upfront and say that I'm not entirely certain about the current availability of free recorded CLAT classes on our platform. Our offerings may have changed recently.

For the most up-to-date information, I'd recommend:

  1. Checking our website thoroughly
  2. Reaching out to our customer support team directly

They'll be able to provide you with the most current details about our CLAT preparation resources, including any free classes or materials we're currently offering.

Is there anything specific about CLAT preparation you're looking for help with? We'd be glad to assist you further.

Hello,

One such way to watch free CLAT coaching recorded sessions is by finding sites that provide free law entrance preparation resources. YouTube, for example has many channels offering free CLAT coaching; some of these sites even offer recorded lectures in legal reasoning, current affairs, and logical reasoning, among others. Some of the free sessions can be accessed quickly through such channels as LegalEdge or LawPrep Tutorial.

You can also look out for free online portals like Unacademy, where it offers free recorded sessions on a regular basis, especially when it is in their promotional period. Also, many websites offering law school prep have a free trial or even demo session which includes recorded material.

And finally, scroll across the entrance forums or groups from social media sites like Telegram or Facebook, in which members can share the links of free recorded classes and study materials. Keep an eye on special events: some coaching institutes offer free access to recordings when they conduct webinars or workshops.

Hello,

Yes, the recorded video for CLAT preparation can be sent through the medium of WhatsApp, if only the video file size does not exceed the 2GB limit on WhatsApp. In case the video file size exceeds more than 2 GB, there are options for compressing the video and, at the same time, sharing the link through Google Drive or Dropbox after uploading it there and sending the link through WhatsApp.

Many coaching institutes and online study material platforms also record lectures so the same can be shared with students through WhatsApp. WhatsApp also provides students the facility of having all these materials anytime of the day. Where compressing video quality reduces, it may need to be left at cloud storage links. Sharing educational contents through a WhatsApp group ensures getting the answers or information they need to study and do their homework. Students can discuss topics about education with peers in these groups.

Hello,

Indeed you can attach the acknowledgement form of your application for OBC certificate along with your CLAT application provided that the official regulations permit this. Most entrance exams and institutes also accept proof of certificate during the initial process, like an acknowledgment receipt, considering that the final, original certificate would be produced at the time of document verification.

However, one should go through the CLAT instructions or contact CLAT authorities for verification in case rules are different. In case this is possible, you must obtain an original OBC certificate much prior to the verification process that may arise in the course of the admission procedure. Keep all the documents and proofs related to your OBC certificate with you while moving ahead for any future actions.

Passage 1
Read the passage below and answer the following question.
Cheating is considered a criminal offence under the Indian Penal Code. It is done to gain profit or advantage from another person by using some deceitful means. The person who deceives another knows for the fact that it would place the other person in an unfair situation. Cheating as an offence can be made punishable under Section 420 of the IPC. Scope of Section 415 Cheating is defined under Section 415 of the Indian Penal Code as whoever fraudulently or dishonestly deceives a person to induce that person to deliver a property to any person or to consent to retain any property. If a person intentionally induces a person to do or omit to do any act which he would not have done if he was not deceived to do so and the act has caused harm to that person in body, mind, reputation, or property, then the person who fraudulently, dishonestly or intentionally induced the other person is said to cheat. Any dishonest concealment of facts that can deceive a person to do an act that he would not have done otherwise is also cheating within the meaning of this section. Essential Ingredients of Cheating requires · deception of any person. Fraudulently or dishonestly inducing that person to deliver any property to any person or to consent that any person shall retain any property; or · intentionally inducing a person to do or omit to do anything which he would not do or omit if he were not so deceived, and the act or omission causes or is likely to cause damage or harm to that person in body, mind, reputation or property.
Deceit– a tort arising from an untrue or false statement of facts which are made by a person, recklessly or knowingly, with an intention that it shall be acted upon by the other person, who would suffer damages as a result. 
Fraud – a false or untrue representation of the fact, that is made with the knowledge of its falsity or without the belief in its truth or a reckless statement that may or may not be true, with an intention to induce a person or individual to act independent of it with the result that the person acts on it and suffers damages and harm. In other words, it is a wrong act or criminal deception with an intention to result in financial or personal gain.
Question - 1 
D went to a moneylender, Z, for the loan. D intentionally pledges the gold article with Z taking the loan. D knows that the article is not made of gold. After a few days, D leaves the village. Decide.

 

Option: 1 None

Option: 2 None

Option: 3 None

Option: 4 None

Read the passage carefully and answer the question

The Contract should be performed by the promisor himself. However, in certain cases, it can also be performed by his agents or legal representatives. It all depends upon the intention of the parties. Normally a contract can be performed by the following persons. 

  1. Promisor himself: If from the nature of the contract it appears that it was the intention of the parties that the promise should be performed by the promisor himself, such promise must be performed by the promisor. This usually applies to contracts involving personal skill, task, or artwork. 
  2. Promisor or his Agent: Where the contract does not involve the personal skill of the promisor, the contract could be performed by the promisor himself or by any competent person employed by him for the purpose, 
  3. Legal Representatives: The contracts which do not involve any personal skill or taste, may be performed by his legal representative after the death of the promisor.
  4. Third Person: In some cases, a contract may be performed by a third person provided the promisee accepts the arrangement. According to Section 41 of the Indian Contract Act, once the promisee accepts the performance from a third person, he cannot compel the promisor to perform the contract again. 
  5. Performance of Joint Promises: According to section 42 of the Indian Contract Act, when two or more persons have made a joint promise, the joint promisors must fulfill the promise jointly during their lifetime. And if any one of them dies, then his legal representatives and survivors must jointly fulfill the promise. 

Section 43 of the Indian Contract Act further provides that unless a contrary intention appears from the contract, each joint promisor may compel every other joint promisor to contribute equally to the performance of the promise. If any joint promisor makes a default in such contribution, the remaining joint promisors must bear the loss arising from such default in equal shares.

Question:

Aman received a box of chocolates from Basant and promised to pay Rupees 5000. Later on, A becomes bankrupt. Chetan who is a friend of Aman pays rupees 1000 to Besant on behalf of Aman. Aman is not aware of such a transaction. In civil court, insolvency proceedings have started against Aman. Meanwhile, Basant has also applied for a recovery of 5000 rupees. Decide.

Option: 1

Basant is entitled to recover the amount of 5000 from Aman.


Option: 2

Basant is entitled to recover the amount of 4000 from Aman.


Option: 3

Chetan is entitled to recover the amount of 1000 from Basant.


Option: 4

Basant cannot recover any amount from Aman as he has become insolvent.


Read the passage carefully and answer the question

The Contract should be performed by the promisor himself. However, in certain cases, it can also be performed by his agents or legal representatives. It all depends upon the intention of the parties. Normally a contract can be performed by the following persons. 

  1. Promisor himself: If from the nature of the contract it appears that it was the intention of the parties that the promise should be performed by the promisor himself, such promise must be performed by the promisor. This usually applies to contracts involving personal skill, task, or artwork. 
  2. Promisor or his Agent: Where the contract does not involve the personal skill of the promisor, the contract could be performed by the promisor himself or by any competent person employed by him for the purpose, 
  3. Legal Representatives: The contracts which do not involve any personal skill or taste, may be performed by his legal representative after the death of the promisor.
  4. Third Person: In some cases, a contract may be performed by a third person provided the promisee accepts the arrangement. According to Section 41 of the Indian Contract Act, once the promisee accepts the performance from a third person, he cannot compel the promisor to perform the contract again. 
  5. Performance of Joint Promises: According to section 42 of the Indian Contract Act, when two or more persons have made a joint promise, the joint promisors must fulfill the promise jointly during their lifetime. And if any one of them dies, then his legal representatives and survivors must jointly fulfill the promise. 

Section 43 of the Indian Contract Act further provides that unless a contrary intention appears from the contract, each joint promisor may compel every other joint promisor to contribute equally to the performance of the promise. If any joint promisor makes a default in such contribution, the remaining joint promisors must bear the loss arising from such default in equal shares.

Question:

K promises to paint a picture for L on a certain day, at a certain price. K dies before the day of the contract. Decide. 

Option: 1

The contract can be enforced by K’s representative 


Option: 2

The contract can be enforced by L


Option: 3

The contract can be enforced either by K’s representation or by L 


Option: 4

The contract cannot be enforced either by K’s representative, or L


Read the passage carefully and answer the question

The Contract should be performed by the promisor himself. However, in certain cases, it can also be performed by his agents or legal representatives. It all depends upon the intention of the parties. Normally a contract can be performed by the following persons. 

  1. Promisor himself: If from the nature of the contract it appears that it was the intention of the parties that the promise should be performed by the promisor himself, such promise must be performed by the promisor. This usually applies to contracts involving personal skill, task, or artwork. 
  2. Promisor or his Agent: Where the contract does not involve the personal skill of the promisor, the contract could be performed by the promisor himself or by any competent person employed by him for the purpose, 
  3. Legal Representatives: The contracts which do not involve any personal skill or taste, may be performed by his legal representative after the death of the promisor.
  4. Third Person: In some cases, a contract may be performed by a third person provided the promisee accepts the arrangement. According to Section 41 of the Indian Contract Act, once the promisee accepts the performance from a third person, he cannot compel the promisor to perform the contract again. 
  5. Performance of Joint Promises: According to section 42 of the Indian Contract Act, when two or more persons have made a joint promise, the joint promisors must fulfill the promise jointly during their lifetime. And if any one of them dies, then his legal representatives and survivors must jointly fulfill the promise. 

Section 43 of the Indian Contract Act further provides that unless a contrary intention appears from the contract, each joint promisor may compel every other joint promisor to contribute equally to the performance of the promise. If any joint promisor makes a default in such contribution, the remaining joint promisors must bear the loss arising from such default in equal shares.

Question:

Rohan has agreed to manage the catering services during the marriage of Sohan’s son Ramu. On the day of marriage, Rohan felt ill and sent his manager to the management of catering services. Ramu happily gets married to Tina and people appreciated the food and decoration of the event. When Rohan asked Sohan for the remaining amount, he denied it because Rohan himself had not managed so it is a breach. Decide.

 

Option: 1

Rohan is not entitled to get the remaining amount due to a breach of contract.


Option: 2

Rohan is entitled to sue Sohan for the remaining amount.


Option: 3

Rohan is entitled to sue Ramu because it was his marriage.


Option: 4

Instead of Rohan, his manager can only sue Sohan for the breach.


Read the passage and answer the question that follow.

Natural justice is another name for common sense justice rules of natural justice are not in codified form these principles are embedded or ingrained or inbuilt in the conscience of human beings. It supplies the omission made in codified law and helps in the administration of justice. Natural justice is not only confined to ‘fairness’ it will take many shades and colours based on the context. Thus natural justice apart from ‘fairness’ also implies reasonableness, equity and equality. They are neither cast in a rigid mould nor can they be put in a legal straitjacket. These principles written by nature in the heart of mankind, they are immutable, inviolable, and inalienable.

It is true that the concept of natural justice is not very clear and, therefore, it is not possible to define it; yet the principles of natural justice are accepted and enforced. In the case of Ridge V. Baldwin Court observed that “in modern times have sometimes been expressed to the effect that natural justice is as vague as to be practically meaningless. But I would regard these as tainted by the perennial fallacy that because something cannot be cut and dried or nicely weighed or measured therefore it does not exist”. The term natural justice signifies fundamental rules of judicial procedure and fair play in action. According to Lord Widgery “the principles of natural justice were those fundamental rules; the breach will prevent justice from being seen to be done”. Earliest expression of ‘natural justice’ could be found in the philosophical expression of Roman Jurist (jus natural) and signified rules and principles for the conduct of man which were independent of enacted law or customs and could be discovered by the rational intelligence of man and would grow out of and conform to his nature.

The rule against bias that surfaced in 1610 in Dr Bonham's Casewhere Chief Justice Coke went so far as to say that the Court could declare an Act of Parliament void if it made a man as judge in his own cause, or otherwise ‘against common right and reason’. This was one of his grounds for disallowing the claim of the College of Physicians to fine and imprison Doctor Bonham, a Doctor of Physics of Cambridge University, for practising in the city of London without the licence of College of Physicians. The statute under which the College acted provided that fines should go half to the King half to the College so that the College had a financial interest in its own judgement and was judged in its own cause.

Question:

X is a student of a college and his father Y is a professor in the same college. In one instance, X is caught to be involved in unparliamentary activities inside the college campus. The enquiry committee is set up and Y is appointed as the head of the committee. Decide.

Option: 1

Y is a professor of the same college hence he can become a member of the enquiry committee


Option: 2

Y is X’s father hence he should not be a part of the enquiry committee


Option: 3

Y can be a part of the enquiry committee but cannot be its head


Option: 4

There is no rule that prevents the appointment of Y until he fulfils his function diligently


Read the passage and answer the question that follow.

Natural justice is another name for common sense justice rules of natural justice are not in codified form these principles are embedded or ingrained or inbuilt in the conscience of human beings. It supplies the omission made in codified law and helps in the administration of justice. Natural justice is not only confined to ‘fairness’ it will take many shades and colours based on the context. Thus natural justice apart from ‘fairness’ also implies reasonableness, equity and equality. They are neither cast in a rigid mould nor can they be put in a legal straitjacket. These principles written by nature in the heart of mankind, they are immutable, inviolable, and inalienable.

It is true that the concept of natural justice is not very clear and, therefore, it is not possible to define it; yet the principles of natural justice are accepted and enforced. In the case of Ridge V. Baldwin Court observed that “in modern times have sometimes been expressed to the effect that natural justice is as vague as to be practically meaningless. But I would regard these as tainted by the perennial fallacy that because something cannot be cut and dried or nicely weighed or measured therefore it does not exist”. The term natural justice signifies fundamental rules of judicial procedure and fair play in action. According to Lord Widgery “the principles of natural justice were those fundamental rules; the breach will prevent justice from being seen to be done”. Earliest expression of ‘natural justice’ could be found in the philosophical expression of Roman Jurist (jus natural) and signified rules and principles for the conduct of man which were independent of enacted law or customs and could be discovered by the rational intelligence of man and would grow out of and conform to his nature.

The rule against bias that surfaced in 1610 in Dr Bonham's Casewhere Chief Justice Coke went so far as to say that the Court could declare an Act of Parliament void if it made a man as judge in his own cause, or otherwise ‘against common right and reason’. This was one of his grounds for disallowing the claim of the College of Physicians to fine and imprison Doctor Bonham, a Doctor of Physics of Cambridge University, for practising in the city of London without the licence of College of Physicians. The statute under which the College acted provided that fines should go half to the King half to the College so that the College had a financial interest in its own judgement and was judged in its own cause.

Question:

Mr X is an employee of a corporate office. His wife Y is a judge. In one instance, X is found to be involved in a money laundering case at his office. The office now files a suit and Y is appointed as the judge for this case. Decide.

Option: 1

Y is a judge by herself, hence can be appointed to adjudicate this case


Option: 2

Y is can be appointed as a judge only if she fulfils her responsibilities without any bias


Option: 3

Y can adjudicate the case and if the company finds the penalty to be insufficient then they can appeal against it


Option: 4

Y cannot be the judge in this case ab initio


Read the passage and answer the question that follow.

Natural justice is another name for common sense justice rules of natural justice are not in codified form these principles are embedded or ingrained or inbuilt in the conscience of human beings. It supplies the omission made in codified law and helps in the administration of justice. Natural justice is not only confined to ‘fairness’ it will take many shades and colours based on the context. Thus natural justice apart from ‘fairness’ also implies reasonableness, equity and equality. They are neither cast in a rigid mould nor can they be put in a legal straitjacket. These principles written by nature in the heart of mankind, they are immutable, inviolable, and inalienable.

It is true that the concept of natural justice is not very clear and, therefore, it is not possible to define it; yet the principles of natural justice are accepted and enforced. In the case of Ridge V. Baldwin Court observed that “in modern times have sometimes been expressed to the effect that natural justice is as vague as to be practically meaningless. But I would regard these as tainted by the perennial fallacy that because something cannot be cut and dried or nicely weighed or measured therefore it does not exist”. The term natural justice signifies fundamental rules of judicial procedure and fair play in action. According to Lord Widgery “the principles of natural justice were those fundamental rules; the breach will prevent justice from being seen to be done”. Earliest expression of ‘natural justice’ could be found in the philosophical expression of Roman Jurist (jus natural) and signified rules and principles for the conduct of man which were independent of enacted law or customs and could be discovered by the rational intelligence of man and would grow out of and conform to his nature.

The rule against bias that surfaced in 1610 in Dr Bonham's Casewhere Chief Justice Coke went so far as to say that the Court could declare an Act of Parliament void if it made a man as judge in his own cause, or otherwise ‘against common right and reason’. This was one of his grounds for disallowing the claim of the College of Physicians to fine and imprison Doctor Bonham, a Doctor of Physics of Cambridge University, for practising in the city of London without the licence of College of Physicians. The statute under which the College acted provided that fines should go half to the King half to the College so that the College had a financial interest in its own judgement and was judged in its own cause.

Question:

X was a renowned cricketer in the 1980s. His son Y is a struggling cricketer who has been trying to get into the national team for many years. In the year 2020, X is appointed as a member of the selection committee. In the match which is supposed to decide the final team of the nation, Y scores a century and Z scores 65 runs. However, Z is selected to represent India and Y is not. Y now appeals against the decision, the main ground being the presence of X in the committee. Decide.

Option: 1

The appeal will stand as Y scored a century yet Z was selected after scoring 65 runs


Option: 2

The appeal will be quashed since X’s presence should have benefitted Y, but it didn’t, hence the rejection of Y is valid


Option: 3

The appeal will stand as X’s presence is a factor of bias


Option: 4

The appeal will be quashed since X was a renowned cricketer


Read the passage and answer the question that follow.

Natural justice is another name for common sense justice rules of natural justice are not in codified form these principles are embedded or ingrained or inbuilt in the conscience of human beings. It supplies the omission made in codified law and helps in the administration of justice. Natural justice is not only confined to ‘fairness’ it will take many shades and colours based on the context. Thus natural justice apart from ‘fairness’ also implies reasonableness, equity and equality. They are neither cast in a rigid mould nor can they be put in a legal straitjacket. These principles written by nature in the heart of mankind, they are immutable, inviolable, and inalienable.

It is true that the concept of natural justice is not very clear and, therefore, it is not possible to define it; yet the principles of natural justice are accepted and enforced. In the case of Ridge V. Baldwin Court observed that “in modern times have sometimes been expressed to the effect that natural justice is as vague as to be practically meaningless. But I would regard these as tainted by the perennial fallacy that because something cannot be cut and dried or nicely weighed or measured therefore it does not exist”. The term natural justice signifies fundamental rules of judicial procedure and fair play in action. According to Lord Widgery “the principles of natural justice were those fundamental rules; the breach will prevent justice from being seen to be done”. Earliest expression of ‘natural justice’ could be found in the philosophical expression of Roman Jurist (jus natural) and signified rules and principles for the conduct of man which were independent of enacted law or customs and could be discovered by the rational intelligence of man and would grow out of and conform to his nature.

The rule against bias that surfaced in 1610 in Dr Bonham's Casewhere Chief Justice Coke went so far as to say that the Court could declare an Act of Parliament void if it made a man as judge in his own cause, or otherwise ‘against common right and reason’. This was one of his grounds for disallowing the claim of the College of Physicians to fine and imprison Doctor Bonham, a Doctor of Physics of Cambridge University, for practising in the city of London without the licence of College of Physicians. The statute under which the College acted provided that fines should go half to the King half to the College so that the College had a financial interest in its own judgement and was judged in its own cause.

Question:

X is a married judge who is well known for his honesty in the entire city. He has a son Y. One fine day Y gets kidnapped and the kidnapper demands a sum of 20 lakhs from X. However, the kidnapper is caught by the police. X is now appointed as the judge for the hearing of the kidnapper. Decide.

Option: 1

X can be the judge since he can decide the punishment better as he was the sufferer


Option: 2

X cannot be the judge since there is a possibility that he will be biased while delivering the judgement


Option: 3

X can be the judge since he is renowned for his honesty and fulfil his duties


Option: 4

X can be the judge but his statement can be appealed against if delivered with bias


Read the passage and answer the question that follow.

Natural justice is another name for common sense justice rules of natural justice are not in codified form these principles are embedded or ingrained or inbuilt in the conscience of human beings. It supplies the omission made in codified law and helps in the administration of justice. Natural justice is not only confined to ‘fairness’ it will take many shades and colours based on the context. Thus natural justice apart from ‘fairness’ also implies reasonableness, equity and equality. They are neither cast in a rigid mould nor can they be put in a legal straitjacket. These principles written by nature in the heart of mankind, they are immutable, inviolable, and inalienable.

It is true that the concept of natural justice is not very clear and, therefore, it is not possible to define it; yet the principles of natural justice are accepted and enforced. In the case of Ridge V. Baldwin Court observed that “in modern times have sometimes been expressed to the effect that natural justice is as vague as to be practically meaningless. But I would regard these as tainted by the perennial fallacy that because something cannot be cut and dried or nicely weighed or measured therefore it does not exist”. The term natural justice signifies fundamental rules of judicial procedure and fair play in action. According to Lord Widgery “the principles of natural justice were those fundamental rules; the breach will prevent justice from being seen to be done”. Earliest expression of ‘natural justice’ could be found in the philosophical expression of Roman Jurist (jus natural) and signified rules and principles for the conduct of man which were independent of enacted law or customs and could be discovered by the rational intelligence of man and would grow out of and conform to his nature.

The rule against bias that surfaced in 1610 in Dr Bonham's Casewhere Chief Justice Coke went so far as to say that the Court could declare an Act of Parliament void if it made a man as judge in his own cause, or otherwise ‘against common right and reason’. This was one of his grounds for disallowing the claim of the College of Physicians to fine and imprison Doctor Bonham, a Doctor of Physics of Cambridge University, for practising in the city of London without the licence of College of Physicians. The statute under which the College acted provided that fines should go half to the King half to the College so that the College had a financial interest in its own judgement and was judged in its own cause.

Question:

X and Y have been married for five years. X is a judge and Y is a doctor. X is pretty much unhappy with his married life so he wants to divorce Y. Y refuses to agree to a divorce by mutual consent hence X files a suit against Y. Decide.

Option: 1

X cannot file a suit since he is a judge


Option: 2

X can file a suit against Y in legal capacity but not as a judge


Option: 3

X cannot file a divorce suit against Y since there is no valid ground for divorce


Option: 4

X can proceed with mutual consent but not contested divorce


Read the passage and answer the question that follow.

In the case of M/S Halonex Limited, 59-A Noida vs State of U.P., it was held that “In reply to the aforesaid submission, learned counsel for opposite party no.2 submitted that the case of the applicants that no amount is due from their side to the complainant is a matter of defence which cannot be considered at this stage. It has been submitted that the term 'entrustment' as used in Section 405 IPC has been given a wider interpretation. It has been submitted that the goods returned by the complainant to the Company for replacement or for reimbursement would be deemed to have been entrusted to the Company and as the applicants 2 & 3 were handling its affair they become responsible. To buttress the said submission, the learned counsel for the complainant drew the attention of the Court to a decision of the Apex Court in the case of Ram Narayan Popli Vs. Central Bureau of Investigation: (2003) 3 SCC 641, wherein it was observed that: "the term "entrustment" is not necessarily a term of law. It may have different implications in different contexts. In its most general signification all it imports is the handing over possession for some purpose which may not imply the conferring of any proprietary right at all." Attention was also drawn to an observation made in the judgment of the aforesaid case, where it was observed that: "to establish the charge of criminal breach of trust, the prosecution is not obliged to prove the precise mode of conversion, misappropriation or misapplication by the accused of the property entrusted to him or over which he has dominion. The principal ingredient of the offence being dishonest misappropriation or conversion which may not ordinarily be a matter of direct proof, entrustment of property and failure in breach of an obligation to account for the property entrusted if proved, may, in the light of other circumstances, justifiably lead to an inference of dishonest misappropriation or conversion”.

Question:

X tracks down an expensive necklace on the road. Not knowing to whom it belongs. X sells it promptly to a jeweller without attempting to find the owner or submitting the necklace to the authorities. Decide the liability of X.

Option: 1

Extortion


Option: 2

Criminal breach of trust


Option: 3

Theft


Option: 4

Criminal misappropriation of Property


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