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The law of torts is a significant area for the CLAT PG (Common Law Admission Test) for the Post-graduate programs. It encompasses fundamental legal principles such as negligence, strict liability and vicarious liability, which form the basis of many legal principles and are essential for a comprehensive understanding of civil law. the principles of tort law are not only applicable in personal injury cases but also extend to other areas such as consumer protection, environmental law and professional liability, making it a versatile subject for legal practitioners.
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The tort law involves a rich body of case laws and legal precedents; therefore, understanding these cases helps develop skills in legal reasoning and analysis, which are crucial for answering application-based questions in the CLAT PG exam. It also intersects with other legal subjects such as contract law, criminal law and constitutional law. It also includes a lot of legal remedies available to victims of civil wrongs through damages and injunctions.
Therefore, the law of torts is important for the CLAT PG because it lays the foundation for understanding and applying civil law principles, develops critical legal skills and prepares candidates for a wide range of legal issues they might encounter in advanced legal studies.
1. Syllabus and Exam Pattern: The CLAT PG syllabus is one of the peculiar subjects is the law of torts so it is very important to understand the syllabus and course from the exam’s point of view. The candidate must be aware of the exam pattern and the types of questions that might be asked. This will ensure that your first step towards the preparation is in the right direction.
2. Study Plan: You must draft a schedule or a timetable for yourself to catalyse your daily study. Allocate specific duration for different topics and sub-topics and ensure that you cover everything in its entirety. Also, set weekly targets to cover specific topics and subjects to help the coverage of the syllabus systematically.
3. Revision and Practice: Practice makes a man perfect! So, regularly revise key points, case summaries highlighted notes and practice questions related to the main exam. In terms of practice, take mock tests and rigorously solve past years' question papers followed by cross-checking your mistakes and strengths.
4. Important topics: It is also advisable that you divert your focus more towards the important topics from the exam's perspective as it may carry a high weightage of marks. Stay updated with current developments in these CLAT PG topics as these amendments and developments might occur in the paper from a contemporary view.
In the introduction, start with the nature, definition and scope of the subject followed by the general defences – Volenti non fit injuria, inevitable accident, act of God, private defence and necessity. Then majorly focus on Negligence including Duty of care, breach and damage; Res ipsa loquitur, contributory negligence, and professional negligence (medical negligence).
The concept of liabilities is yet another topic which includes a variety of liabilities and their impact. The Strict and Absolute Liability along with the Ryland v. Fletcher case and M.C. Mehta v. Union of India case. Further, the vicarious liability about the employer-employee relation and the state’s liability. Lastly, defamation in which you must cover three credentials that is libel, slander and the defences to it.
In these topics, specify your reading separately. Like, in nuisance: public and private nuisance along with the remedies. In trespass; trespass to person, land and goods. Then, also covers relevant provisions of consumer protection in correlation with these topics.
In the matter of case laws, it is advisable to you that you cover essential case laws and judgements along with the topic that you’re studying. This will make sure that you have conceptual clarity of that particular topic backed by a suitable reference of the judicial pronouncement. However, also make a separate list of all the case laws compiled together in case you only have to revise case laws and not the entire content. Doing this will also keep the listed case laws handy for you.
Note: The aforementioned preparation tips are only for specific important topics in the eyes of the main exam. Moreover, you may refer to all the other topics and sub-topics at least once through skim reading or via whatever method is feasible for you. A thorough reading of the syllabus in is a must according to the course outlined on the official CLAT website.
The first thing to keep in mind while making notes it to organize your notes by topics and sectionalise it by sub-topics. Then, use bold and clear headings for a more descriptive way of writing and be consistent with that. Thirdly, after every topic, utilise the last page of the topic to summarise key points about what you have studied in toto as it helps in cross-checking grasping and retention techniques. Adding to it, you may enhance your note-making by making efficient use of flowcharts and diagrams as it will visually aid your reading and provide you with a better clarity of the concept. Highlight the important points and key information with different colours making it more attractive and interesting for studying.
The most crucial thing is to invoke practical real-life examples and illustrations so that you can draft an analogy between the concept for better understanding and comprehension.
Here is a brief sample of the note-making structure designed for your referral:
Topic: Negligence
Definition and Essentials along with illustrations; duty of care, breach of duty, causation and damage.
Important case laws; Donoghue v. Stevenson and Ryland v. Fletcher
Facts – Issues – Judgement. [format]
Defences; Contributory negligence and Volenti non-fit injuria.
Applications; Professional and Medical negligence.
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Hence, it can be concisely stated that a tort is vital for the CLAT PG exam because it lays down a foundational base for understanding civil wrongs and remedies. It coincides with various legal areas such as consumer protection and environmental laws making it a necessity for comprehensive legal knowledge. Therefore, a mastery of Tort Law subject typically for the exam enhances analytical and problem-solving skills for critical interpretation of case laws and application of legal concepts. So, candidates should be well-equipped with the fundamental principles required for advanced legal studies and practice.
Gather also the essential reading and study materials including CLAT PG books and a list of case laws and judgements. Below mentioned are some of the books that you may refer to for your preparation:
“Law of Torts” by J.N. Pandey.
“The Law of Torts” by R.K. Bangia.
“Law of Torts” by Ratanlal and Dhirajlal.
The ingredients of negligence are:
Duty of Care – the defendant owns a duty of care to the plaintiff.
Breach of Duty – the defendant breached that duty by failing to meet the standard of care.
Causation – the breach of duty caused harm or injury to the plaintiff.
The rule of Strict Liability was established in the Rylands v. Fletcher’s case. The rule was conferred upon the harm caused by the escape of dangerous or hazardous substance from a person’s land. Under this rule, a person who keeps a hazardous substance on their property is strictly liable for any damage caused if it escapes, regardless of fault or negligence.
The Res Ipsa Loquitur is a doctrine that means “the thing speaks for itself”. It applies when the cause of an accident is obvious and typically within the defendant’s control, shifting the ‘burden of proof’ to the defendant to show that there was no negligence.
Duty of care. The damage or injury caused to the person resulted because the party was not careful enough while performing certain act. There is absence of wrongful intention in negligence as the act was unknown to both the parties but occurred due to an irresponsible behaviour and carelessness of one party.
Vis Major (Act of God). The Act of God is one the of eight (8) general defences available to the party under the Law or Torts. It means that whatever incident took place and the damage caused due to it was not in the causing capacity of the parties and it took place naturally. For example; floods.
Hey,
APSCHE has notified the AP LAWCET 2024 exam date. AP LAWCET 2024 will be conducted on June 9, 2024. APSCHE will issue the detailed AP LAWCET 2024 notification soon on its official website. Interested candidates would be able to apply online and appear for AP LAWCET 2024.
The authorities will conduct Andhra Pradesh Law Common Entrance Test to admit students into 3-year LLB and 5-year LLB programmes of participating colleges in Andhra Pradesh. The AP LAWCET 2024 exam will be held in offline mode in English and Telugu versions.
Candidates desirous of appearing for AP LAWCET 2024 must keep track of the dates. It must be noted that all the dates are tentative and will be updated upon release of official AP LAWCET 2024 notification.
For more details please visit : https://law.careers360.com/articles/ap-lawcet-2024
Hope this helps you.
HI RAMIZA,
CONGRATULATIONS ON SUCCESS IN THE EXAMINATION.
CLAT CUT OFF changes every year. For NLU Kolkata BA LLB and LLM programs it will depend on several factors like -
Number of candidates for CLAT 2023
Number of candidates preferring NLU Kolkata during counselling
Number of places offered by the university in BA LLB and LLM programmes
University Reservation Policy
Category of candidates
FOR 2022 THE CUT OFFS WERE :
GENERAL- 579
GENERAL state domiciled- 1423
SC- 3172
ST - 3113
since general state domiciled is way beyond your state OBC rank so there is high probability of getting into this college under OBC seat.
For more information on the college you can look into following link:
thank you!!
Hii There,
Practicing with past year's question papers provides an authentic exam experience, replicating conditions like time constraints and performance pressure. It serves as a crucial method to evaluate the candidate's preparedness level.
Please refer this link to download the model question paper for clat pg 2023:
https://law.careers360.com/articles/clat-2023-question-paper
I hope this answers your question.
Thanks
Hi,
The official notification regarding the conduction of CLAT 2023 has been released today, 8th August, 2022.
The notification stated that the deadline for submitting the CLAT application form 2023 is November 13, 2022.
CLAT 2023 will be held in offline mode on December 18, 2022.
Hope this answers your query.
Regarding the updates related to CLAT, you should follow the link below to stay updated about CLAT schedule, results, syllabus and question papers-
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