CLAT GK Questions with Answer PDF 2026

CLAT GK Questions with Answer PDF 2026

Edited By Ritika Jonwal | Updated on Jul 10, 2025 12:04 PM IST | #CLAT

Are you getting ready for the CLAT 2026 Exam? The secret to passing one of the most difficult law entrance tests in India is having a solid understanding of general knowledge (GK). The most current, high-yield, and pertinent GK questions are provided in our painstakingly crafted CLAT GK Questions with Answer PDF 2026, which is intended to increase your self-assurance and enhance your awareness. This PDF is the ideal tool to keep ahead of the curve in current events, history, politics, economics, and much more, regardless of your level of experience or desire to achieve a high ranking. Jump right in and make your planning a successful tactic!

This Story also Contains
  1. Topics Covered in GK and Current Affairs Sections of CLAT
  2. CLAT GK and Current Affairs Questions with Solutions
  3. CLAT Free Mock Test: To Test Your Skills
  4. Benefits of Solving Previous Year Question Papers
CLAT GK Questions with Answer PDF 2026
CLAT GK Questions with Answer PDF 2026

Topics Covered in GK and Current Affairs Sections of CLAT

It is essential to have an in-depth understanding of the topics included in the syllabus for GK and Current Affairs for CLAT 2026:

  • Current Affairs

  • Important Historical Events

  • Significant Political Development

  • Recent constitutional amendments and Updates

  • Issues Related to the Economy and Social

  • Important Awards and Achievements

  • Prominent Personalities in law, society

CLAT GK and Current Affairs Questions with Solutions

Let's understand the concept better by solving CLAT GK and Current Affairs questions with solutions. But first, let's look at the CLAT sample Questions with solutions for the GK and Current Affairs Section with detailed solutions.

Passage 1

In recent years, global climate change has become one of the most critical challenges facing humanity. The United Nations Climate Change Conference (COP26), held in Glasgow in 2021, saw nearly 200 countries pledging to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and limit global warming to 1.5 degrees Celsius above pre-industrial levels. Following this, many countries have enhanced their commitments under the Paris Agreement, aiming for net-zero carbon emissions by mid-century.

The conference also focused on financing climate action, especially for developing nations vulnerable to the adverse impacts of climate change. One of the major outcomes was the promise to mobilise $100 billion annually by 2025 to support sustainable development and adaptation strategies in poorer countries.

Technological innovation is playing a key role in accelerating climate action. Renewable energy sources like solar and wind have become more affordable and widely adopted, while electric vehicles are gaining popularity worldwide. Furthermore, international cooperation on climate science and policy has increased, with new alliances and partnerships forming to share knowledge and resources.

However, challenges remain. Some major polluters have faced criticism for not meeting their emission reduction targets on time, and the implementation of climate policies often encounters political and economic resistance domestically. The success of global climate action depends on consistent commitment, transparent monitoring, and inclusive approaches that consider social and economic equity.

1. What was the primary goal agreed upon by countries during COP26 regarding global warming?
a) To limit warming to 2 degrees Celsius above pre-industrial levels
b) To completely eliminate greenhouse gas emissions by 2030
c) To limit warming to 1.5 degrees Celsius above pre-industrial levels
d) To increase renewable energy usage by 10% by 2025

Answer: c) To limit warming to 1.5 degrees Celsius above pre-industrial levels
Explanation: The passage states that nearly 200 countries pledged to limit global warming to 1.5 degrees Celsius above pre-industrial levels, which was the primary target at COP26.

2. Which financial commitment was promised to support developing countries in climate action?
a) $50 billion annually by 2023
b) $100 billion annually by 2025
c) $200 billion annually by 2030
d) No specific financial commitment was mentioned

Answer: b) $100 billion annually by 2025
Explanation: The passage mentions a promise to mobilize $100 billion annually by 2025 to assist developing countries in sustainable development and climate adaptation.

3. According to the passage, which of the following is NOT mentioned as a key factor accelerating climate action?
a) Advances in renewable energy like solar and wind
b) Increasing popularity of electric vehicles
c) Expansion of nuclear power plants worldwide
d) International cooperation on climate science and policy

Answer: c) Expansion of nuclear power plants worldwide
Explanation: The passage highlights renewable energy, electric vehicles, and international cooperation but does not mention nuclear power plants as a key factor.

4. What are some challenges to the success of global climate action as mentioned in the passage?
a) Lack of interest from developing countries
b) Political and economic resistance in countries
c) Over-reliance on fossil fuels by all countries
d) Insufficient technological innovation

Answer: b) Political and economic resistance in countries
Explanation: The passage discusses that implementation of climate policies often faces political and economic resistance domestically, posing a challenge.

5. What does the passage suggest is essential for the success of global climate action?
a) A focus solely on technological innovation
b) Strong enforcement of carbon taxes worldwide
c) Consistent commitment, transparent monitoring, and inclusive approaches
d) Reducing economic growth to limit emissions

Answer: c) Consistent commitment, transparent monitoring, and inclusive approaches
Explanation: The passage concludes that success depends on consistent commitment, transparent monitoring, and inclusive approaches considering social and economic equity.

Passage 2

On May 10, 2025, India and Pakistan agreed to a full and immediate ceasefire, ending a period of heightened military tensions. The agreement was brokered by the United States, with President Donald Trump announcing the deal. Both Prime Ministers—Narendra Modi of India and Shehbaz Sharif of Pakistan—expressed their commitment to peace, though each claimed victory in the negotiations. The ceasefire has been welcomed by the international community, including the United Nations and the United Kingdom, as a positive step toward regional stability. However, experts caution that while the ceasefire is a significant development, the underlying issues between the two nations remain unresolved

Q6: What was the primary outcome of the India-Pakistan agreement announced on May 10, 2025?

A) A trade agreement

B) A full and immediate ceasefire

C) A joint military exercise

D) A cultural exchange program

Correct Answer: B) A full and immediate ceasefire

Explanation: The passage explicitly states that India and Pakistan agreed to a full and immediate ceasefire, ending a period of heightened military tensions.

Q7: Who played a significant role in brokering the India-Pakistan ceasefire agreement?

A) China

B) United States

C) European Union

D) United Nations

Correct Answer: B) United States

Explanation: The passage mentions that the ceasefire agreement was brokered by the United States, with President Donald Trump announcing the deal.

Q8: How did the leaders of India and Pakistan respond to the ceasefire agreement?

A) Both expressed commitment to peace and claimed victory

B) Both rejected the agreement

C) India accepted, while Pakistan rejected

D) Pakistan accepted, while India rejected

Correct Answer: A) Both expressed commitment to peace and claimed victory

Explanation: The passage states that both Prime Ministers—Narendra Modi of India and Shehbaz Sharif of Pakistan—expressed their commitment to peace, though each claimed victory in the negotiations.

Q9: What has been the international community's reaction to the ceasefire agreement?

A) Indifference

B) Criticism

C) Welcoming and supportive

D) Uncertainty

Correct Answer: C) Welcoming and supportive

Explanation: The passage mentions that the ceasefire has been welcomed by the international community, including the United Nations and the United Kingdom, as a positive step toward regional stability.

Q10: What caution do experts offer regarding the India-Pakistan ceasefire?

A) The ceasefire resolves all underlying issues

B) The ceasefire is a significant development, but underlying issues remain unresolved

C) The ceasefire is temporary and will not hold

D) The ceasefire is a tactical move with no long-term implications

Correct Answer: B) The ceasefire is a significant development, but underlying issues remain unresolved

Explanation: The passage notes that while the ceasefire is a significant development, experts caution that the underlying issues between the two nations remain unresolved.

Passage 3

In May 2025, India achieved a significant milestone by surpassing Japan to become the world's fourth-largest economy, with a GDP of $4.3 trillion. This achievement was highlighted during the 10th Governing Council meeting of NITI Aayog in New Delhi. The International Monetary Fund (IMF) projects that India will continue to be the fastest-growing major economy, with expectations to reach a $5.5 trillion GDP by 2028, potentially overtaking Germany to become the third-largest economy.

In a related development, the Indian government inaugurated the Rising North East Investors Summit 2025 in New Delhi. The summit attracted investment proposals worth over ₹4 lakh crore, aiming to accelerate inclusive development in the North Eastern states and strengthen the region’s role in India’s economic roadmap.

11. What was India's GDP as reported in May 2025?
A) $4.3 trillion
B) $5.5 trillion
C) $3.2 trillion
D) $6.0 trillion

Correct Answer: A) $4.3 trillion
Explanation: The passage states that India surpassed Japan to become the world's fourth-largest economy with a GDP of $4.3 trillion.

12. Which country is projected to be overtaken by India to become the third-largest economy by 2028?

A) China
B) Germany
C) United States
D) Japan

Correct Answer: B) Germany
Explanation: According to the IMF projections mentioned in the passage, India is expected to overtake Germany to become the third-largest economy by 2028.

13. What was the primary objective of the Rising North East Investors Summit 2025?

A) To discuss defense strategies
B) To promote inclusive development in North Eastern states
C) To address environmental concerns
D) To establish international trade agreements

Correct Answer: B) To promote inclusive development in North Eastern states
Explanation: The passage highlights that the summit aimed to accelerate inclusive development in the North Eastern states and strengthen the region’s role in India’s economic roadmap.

14. How much investment was attracted during the Rising North East Investors Summit 2025?
A) ₹1 lakh crore
B) ₹2 lakh crore
C) ₹4 lakh crore
D) ₹5 lakh crore

Correct Answer: C) ₹4 lakh crore
Explanation: The passage specifies that the summit attracted investment proposals worth over ₹4 lakh crore.

15. Which organization projected that India would remain the fastest-growing major economy?
A) World Bank
B) United Nations
C) International Monetary Fund (IMF)
D) Reserve Bank of India

Correct Answer: C) International Monetary Fund (IMF)
Explanation: The passage attributes the projection of India remaining the fastest-growing major economy to the IMF.

Passage 4

India recently reaffirmed its commitment to global climate action during the COP28 summit held in Dubai. The country pledged to increase its use of renewable energy sources to 500 GW by 2030, emphasizing solar and wind power expansion. India highlighted its National Hydrogen Mission, aiming to become a major green hydrogen producer. Furthermore, India called for developed nations to fulfill their promise of mobilizing $100 billion annually to support climate adaptation and mitigation in developing countries. The Indian delegation stressed the importance of climate justice, ensuring that poorer countries receive fair assistance while balancing developmental needs with environmental sustainability.

India’s initiatives align with its Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) under the Paris Agreement. The government also announced plans to enhance afforestation efforts and strengthen policies to reduce carbon emissions from industries and transportation sectors. With these measures, India aims to position itself as a global leader in climate responsibility while pursuing sustainable economic growth.

16. What is India’s renewable energy target by 2030 as stated during COP28?
A) 250 GW
B) 500 GW
C) 1000 GW
D) 750 GW

Answer: B) 500 GW
Explanation: The passage clearly states India’s commitment to expanding renewable energy to 500 GW by 2030, focusing mainly on solar and wind power.

17. Which mission is India focusing on to become a major producer of green hydrogen?
A) National Solar Mission
B) National Wind Mission
C) National Hydrogen Mission
D) National Biofuel Mission

Answer: C) National Hydrogen Mission
Explanation: The passage mentions India’s National Hydrogen Mission specifically targeting green hydrogen production.
18. According to the passage, what financial commitment did India urge developed countries to fulfill?
A) $50 billion annually
B) $100 billion annually
C) $200 billion annually
D) No specific amount

Answer: B) $100 billion annually
Explanation: India called on developed nations to meet their promise of mobilizing $100 billion each year to aid developing countries for climate action.

19. What is the concept of "climate justice" referred to in the passage?
A) Ensuring environmental laws are strictly enforced worldwide
B) Making sure poorer countries get fair support balancing development and sustainability
C) Punishing countries causing the most pollution
D) Prioritizing economic growth over environmental concerns


Answer: B) Making sure poorer countries get fair support balancing development and sustainability
Explanation: Climate justice in the passage refers to fairness in assistance to developing countries while balancing their developmental needs with environmental sustainability.

20. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as part of India’s climate action measures?
A) Increasing afforestation efforts
B) Reducing emissions from transportation
C) Phasing out coal completely by 2025
D) Strengthening industrial carbon emission policies

Answer: C) Phasing out coal completely by 2025
Explanation: The passage does not mention India’s plan to phase out coal by 2025; the other measures are explicitly mentioned.

CLAT Free Mock Test: To Test Your Skills

Benefits of Solving Previous Year Question Papers

Mastering the exam format and question style is just as important as keeping up with current events when preparing for the General Knowledge (GK) and Current Affairs portions of CLAT 2026. Solving past year's exam papers is one of the best tactics. This is the reason:

Familiarity With the Exam Pattern and Syllabus

The format, question kinds, and weight assigned to different GK and current events topics are all clearly shown in previous years' exams. This lessens surprises on test day and helps applicants know what to anticipate.

Improves Time Management Skills

Aspirants can improve their speed and accuracy, which are essential in the competitive CLAT setting, by practising prior papers under timed situations.

Helps In Identifying Important Topics

Important subjects are highlighted by commonly asked questions or topics that were addressed in earlier tests. This realisation facilitates efficient study effort prioritisation.

Self-assessment and Tracking Performance

By taking these tests, applicants can evaluate their level of preparation, identify their areas of weakness, and concentrate on strengthening those areas to enhance their performance overall.

Boost Self-Confidence and Reduce Exam Anxiety

Confidence comes from familiarity. By making the exam environment less daunting, solving past years' papers regularly increases self-assurance and lowers stress and anxiety.

You can also check:

UPES Integrated LLB Admissions 2025

Ranked #28 amongst Institutions in India by NIRF | Ranked #1 in India for Academic Reputation by QS Rankings | 16.6 LPA Highest CTC | Last Date to Apply: 15th July

ICFAI-LAW School BA-LLB / BBA-LLB Admissions 2025

Ranked 1 st among Top Law Schools of super Excellence in India - GHRDC | NAAC A+ Accredited | #36 by NIRF

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

1. What are the types of questions asked in CLAT for GK and Current Affairs?

The GK and Current Affairs section for CLAT includes questions from static GK and recent current affairs, with a wide range of topics including legal general knowledge, current events, historical events, arts and culture, etc.

2. How can I stay current on the news regarding the CLAT GK?

Candidates can consult a variety of sources, including newspapers, online news sources, news apps, periodicals, and current affairs books, to stay current on current events. It is crucial to maintain a regular reading schedule and set aside time specifically for preparing for current events.

3. What are the main subject areas for CLAT GK?

Important books and authors, well-known people, government policies and initiatives, legal advancements, sports and prizes, science and technology, economics, and national and worldwide events are just a few of the significant topics to concentrate on for the CLAT GK exam. Accurately answering GK questions will benefit from having a thorough understanding of these subjects.

4. For the CLAT GK, is it required to learn facts and figures?

While memorization of specific facts and figures is not required, it might be useful to have a general awareness of the most significant numbers and statistics in relation to current affairs. Major statistics can be used to support responses or draw logical conclusions in response to particular GK section questions.

5. How can I perform better on the CLAT GK?

Candidates should concentrate on regular reading and make it a habit to remain current on current affairs in order to improve performance in the CLAT GK section. To comprehend the format and kinds of questions asked in CLAT GK, they can also complete practice exams and old exam papers. Additionally, taking part in online quizzes and mock tests might aid in assessing and enhancing performance.

6. How many months of current affairs are required to focus on for CLAT 2026?

It is advised to focus on current affairs from the last 12 months for the CLAT 2026 Exam. 

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Questions related to CLAT

Have a question related to CLAT ?

Hi dear candidate,

Your rank of 4032 in CLAT exam with EWS appears to be insufficient for admission in IP University colleges as the category wise cut off for IPU colleges is lower than your rank at least for the top tier colleges like VIPS and MAIMS.

The majority of seats are reserved for students with Delhi domicile in IPU colleges and if you belong to outside Delhi then, it's slightly difficult.

However, some colleges like Trinity (TIIPS) in Dwarka accepted admissions for Law at higher rank of around 8,000 so you might also have a chance there.

Otherwise, you can find top Law colleges in Delhi NCR at our official website:

Law Colleges in Delhi NCR 2025 – Courses, Fees, Admission, Rank

BEST REGARDS

With an All India SC category rank of 1561 in CLAT, you have a strong chance of getting admission into several National Law Universities through the counselling rounds. Based on past year trends, this rank can fetch you a seat in NLUs like NLIU Bhopal, HNLU Raipur, RGNUL Patiala, and possibly even higher-ranked ones like WBNUJS Kolkata or NLU Jodhpur depending on how cutoffs move in the later rounds.

SC category cutoffs for top NLUs tend to vary each year, but many of them have admitted students with SC ranks between 1500 and 3000, especially in rounds 2 and 3. Your chances increase further if you list a wide range of NLUs in your preference order during counselling. Also, make sure to complete all required counselling steps, document verification, and preference locking on time to avoid missing out.

With your rank, you're well-positioned to get a seat—just stay active in the admission process and keep checking updates from the CLAT consortium.

Dear student,

For Delhi University’s BA LLB program through CLAT, EWS category admissions last year (2024) typically closed around a rank of 1100 to 1200. This means if you scored around 90–95 marks in CLAT, you had a good chance of getting in. The exact cut-off can change slightly each year depending on competition and seat availability, but staying within the top 1200 is generally safe for EWS candidates.

The cutoff for DU  BA LLB  for CLAT ews has not been released yet.You can check the cutoff in this website after notification of release of cutoff - https://clat2024.consortiumofnlus.ac.in/clat-2024/

Yes, you can get direct admission into BBA LLB at VIPS (Vivekananda Institute of Professional Studies) with 82 percent in your Class 12 exams, but not without appearing in CLAT or IPU CET.

VIPS is affiliated with Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University (GGSIPU), and admissions to BBA LLB are done strictly through entrance exams. The primary mode of admission is through CLAT UG, as GGSIPU has adopted CLAT scores for law programs in recent years. Previously, the IPU CET was used for law admissions, but that has been phased out for integrated law courses like BBA LLB.

So, even with a good Class 12 score, you cannot get admission into VIPS for BBA LLB without a valid CLAT score. The university does not allow direct management quota admissions outside the entrance process for its law programs. You may need to wait for the next CLAT attempt or consider private universities that allow direct admission based on 12th marks.

All the best!

View All

Read the passage carefully and answer the question

The Contract should be performed by the promisor himself. However, in certain cases, it can also be performed by his agents or legal representatives. It all depends upon the intention of the parties. Normally a contract can be performed by the following persons. 

  1. Promisor himself: If from the nature of the contract it appears that it was the intention of the parties that the promise should be performed by the promisor himself, such promise must be performed by the promisor. This usually applies to contracts involving personal skill, task, or artwork. 
  2. Promisor or his Agent: Where the contract does not involve the personal skill of the promisor, the contract could be performed by the promisor himself or by any competent person employed by him for the purpose, 
  3. Legal Representatives: The contracts which do not involve any personal skill or taste, may be performed by his legal representative after the death of the promisor.
  4. Third Person: In some cases, a contract may be performed by a third person provided the promisee accepts the arrangement. According to Section 41 of the Indian Contract Act, once the promisee accepts the performance from a third person, he cannot compel the promisor to perform the contract again. 
  5. Performance of Joint Promises: According to section 42 of the Indian Contract Act, when two or more persons have made a joint promise, the joint promisors must fulfill the promise jointly during their lifetime. And if any one of them dies, then his legal representatives and survivors must jointly fulfill the promise. 

Section 43 of the Indian Contract Act further provides that unless a contrary intention appears from the contract, each joint promisor may compel every other joint promisor to contribute equally to the performance of the promise. If any joint promisor makes a default in such contribution, the remaining joint promisors must bear the loss arising from such default in equal shares.

Question:

Aman received a box of chocolates from Basant and promised to pay Rupees 5000. Later on, A becomes bankrupt. Chetan who is a friend of Aman pays rupees 1000 to Besant on behalf of Aman. Aman is not aware of such a transaction. In civil court, insolvency proceedings have started against Aman. Meanwhile, Basant has also applied for a recovery of 5000 rupees. Decide.

Option: 1

Basant is entitled to recover the amount of 5000 from Aman.


Option: 2

Basant is entitled to recover the amount of 4000 from Aman.


Option: 3

Chetan is entitled to recover the amount of 1000 from Basant.


Option: 4

Basant cannot recover any amount from Aman as he has become insolvent.


Read the passage carefully and answer the question

The Contract should be performed by the promisor himself. However, in certain cases, it can also be performed by his agents or legal representatives. It all depends upon the intention of the parties. Normally a contract can be performed by the following persons. 

  1. Promisor himself: If from the nature of the contract it appears that it was the intention of the parties that the promise should be performed by the promisor himself, such promise must be performed by the promisor. This usually applies to contracts involving personal skill, task, or artwork. 
  2. Promisor or his Agent: Where the contract does not involve the personal skill of the promisor, the contract could be performed by the promisor himself or by any competent person employed by him for the purpose, 
  3. Legal Representatives: The contracts which do not involve any personal skill or taste, may be performed by his legal representative after the death of the promisor.
  4. Third Person: In some cases, a contract may be performed by a third person provided the promisee accepts the arrangement. According to Section 41 of the Indian Contract Act, once the promisee accepts the performance from a third person, he cannot compel the promisor to perform the contract again. 
  5. Performance of Joint Promises: According to section 42 of the Indian Contract Act, when two or more persons have made a joint promise, the joint promisors must fulfill the promise jointly during their lifetime. And if any one of them dies, then his legal representatives and survivors must jointly fulfill the promise. 

Section 43 of the Indian Contract Act further provides that unless a contrary intention appears from the contract, each joint promisor may compel every other joint promisor to contribute equally to the performance of the promise. If any joint promisor makes a default in such contribution, the remaining joint promisors must bear the loss arising from such default in equal shares.

Question:

K promises to paint a picture for L on a certain day, at a certain price. K dies before the day of the contract. Decide. 

Option: 1

The contract can be enforced by K’s representative 


Option: 2

The contract can be enforced by L


Option: 3

The contract can be enforced either by K’s representation or by L 


Option: 4

The contract cannot be enforced either by K’s representative, or L


Read the passage carefully and answer the question

The Contract should be performed by the promisor himself. However, in certain cases, it can also be performed by his agents or legal representatives. It all depends upon the intention of the parties. Normally a contract can be performed by the following persons. 

  1. Promisor himself: If from the nature of the contract it appears that it was the intention of the parties that the promise should be performed by the promisor himself, such promise must be performed by the promisor. This usually applies to contracts involving personal skill, task, or artwork. 
  2. Promisor or his Agent: Where the contract does not involve the personal skill of the promisor, the contract could be performed by the promisor himself or by any competent person employed by him for the purpose, 
  3. Legal Representatives: The contracts which do not involve any personal skill or taste, may be performed by his legal representative after the death of the promisor.
  4. Third Person: In some cases, a contract may be performed by a third person provided the promisee accepts the arrangement. According to Section 41 of the Indian Contract Act, once the promisee accepts the performance from a third person, he cannot compel the promisor to perform the contract again. 
  5. Performance of Joint Promises: According to section 42 of the Indian Contract Act, when two or more persons have made a joint promise, the joint promisors must fulfill the promise jointly during their lifetime. And if any one of them dies, then his legal representatives and survivors must jointly fulfill the promise. 

Section 43 of the Indian Contract Act further provides that unless a contrary intention appears from the contract, each joint promisor may compel every other joint promisor to contribute equally to the performance of the promise. If any joint promisor makes a default in such contribution, the remaining joint promisors must bear the loss arising from such default in equal shares.

Question:

Rohan has agreed to manage the catering services during the marriage of Sohan’s son Ramu. On the day of marriage, Rohan felt ill and sent his manager to the management of catering services. Ramu happily gets married to Tina and people appreciated the food and decoration of the event. When Rohan asked Sohan for the remaining amount, he denied it because Rohan himself had not managed so it is a breach. Decide.

 

Option: 1

Rohan is not entitled to get the remaining amount due to a breach of contract.


Option: 2

Rohan is entitled to sue Sohan for the remaining amount.


Option: 3

Rohan is entitled to sue Ramu because it was his marriage.


Option: 4

Instead of Rohan, his manager can only sue Sohan for the breach.


Read the passage and answer the question that follow.

Natural justice is another name for common sense justice rules of natural justice are not in codified form these principles are embedded or ingrained or inbuilt in the conscience of human beings. It supplies the omission made in codified law and helps in the administration of justice. Natural justice is not only confined to ‘fairness’ it will take many shades and colours based on the context. Thus natural justice apart from ‘fairness’ also implies reasonableness, equity and equality. They are neither cast in a rigid mould nor can they be put in a legal straitjacket. These principles written by nature in the heart of mankind, they are immutable, inviolable, and inalienable.

It is true that the concept of natural justice is not very clear and, therefore, it is not possible to define it; yet the principles of natural justice are accepted and enforced. In the case of Ridge V. Baldwin Court observed that “in modern times have sometimes been expressed to the effect that natural justice is as vague as to be practically meaningless. But I would regard these as tainted by the perennial fallacy that because something cannot be cut and dried or nicely weighed or measured therefore it does not exist”. The term natural justice signifies fundamental rules of judicial procedure and fair play in action. According to Lord Widgery “the principles of natural justice were those fundamental rules; the breach will prevent justice from being seen to be done”. Earliest expression of ‘natural justice’ could be found in the philosophical expression of Roman Jurist (jus natural) and signified rules and principles for the conduct of man which were independent of enacted law or customs and could be discovered by the rational intelligence of man and would grow out of and conform to his nature.

The rule against bias that surfaced in 1610 in Dr Bonham's Casewhere Chief Justice Coke went so far as to say that the Court could declare an Act of Parliament void if it made a man as judge in his own cause, or otherwise ‘against common right and reason’. This was one of his grounds for disallowing the claim of the College of Physicians to fine and imprison Doctor Bonham, a Doctor of Physics of Cambridge University, for practising in the city of London without the licence of College of Physicians. The statute under which the College acted provided that fines should go half to the King half to the College so that the College had a financial interest in its own judgement and was judged in its own cause.

Question:

X is a student of a college and his father Y is a professor in the same college. In one instance, X is caught to be involved in unparliamentary activities inside the college campus. The enquiry committee is set up and Y is appointed as the head of the committee. Decide.

Option: 1

Y is a professor of the same college hence he can become a member of the enquiry committee


Option: 2

Y is X’s father hence he should not be a part of the enquiry committee


Option: 3

Y can be a part of the enquiry committee but cannot be its head


Option: 4

There is no rule that prevents the appointment of Y until he fulfils his function diligently


Read the passage and answer the question that follow.

Natural justice is another name for common sense justice rules of natural justice are not in codified form these principles are embedded or ingrained or inbuilt in the conscience of human beings. It supplies the omission made in codified law and helps in the administration of justice. Natural justice is not only confined to ‘fairness’ it will take many shades and colours based on the context. Thus natural justice apart from ‘fairness’ also implies reasonableness, equity and equality. They are neither cast in a rigid mould nor can they be put in a legal straitjacket. These principles written by nature in the heart of mankind, they are immutable, inviolable, and inalienable.

It is true that the concept of natural justice is not very clear and, therefore, it is not possible to define it; yet the principles of natural justice are accepted and enforced. In the case of Ridge V. Baldwin Court observed that “in modern times have sometimes been expressed to the effect that natural justice is as vague as to be practically meaningless. But I would regard these as tainted by the perennial fallacy that because something cannot be cut and dried or nicely weighed or measured therefore it does not exist”. The term natural justice signifies fundamental rules of judicial procedure and fair play in action. According to Lord Widgery “the principles of natural justice were those fundamental rules; the breach will prevent justice from being seen to be done”. Earliest expression of ‘natural justice’ could be found in the philosophical expression of Roman Jurist (jus natural) and signified rules and principles for the conduct of man which were independent of enacted law or customs and could be discovered by the rational intelligence of man and would grow out of and conform to his nature.

The rule against bias that surfaced in 1610 in Dr Bonham's Casewhere Chief Justice Coke went so far as to say that the Court could declare an Act of Parliament void if it made a man as judge in his own cause, or otherwise ‘against common right and reason’. This was one of his grounds for disallowing the claim of the College of Physicians to fine and imprison Doctor Bonham, a Doctor of Physics of Cambridge University, for practising in the city of London without the licence of College of Physicians. The statute under which the College acted provided that fines should go half to the King half to the College so that the College had a financial interest in its own judgement and was judged in its own cause.

Question:

Mr X is an employee of a corporate office. His wife Y is a judge. In one instance, X is found to be involved in a money laundering case at his office. The office now files a suit and Y is appointed as the judge for this case. Decide.

Option: 1

Y is a judge by herself, hence can be appointed to adjudicate this case


Option: 2

Y is can be appointed as a judge only if she fulfils her responsibilities without any bias


Option: 3

Y can adjudicate the case and if the company finds the penalty to be insufficient then they can appeal against it


Option: 4

Y cannot be the judge in this case ab initio


Read the passage and answer the question that follow.

Natural justice is another name for common sense justice rules of natural justice are not in codified form these principles are embedded or ingrained or inbuilt in the conscience of human beings. It supplies the omission made in codified law and helps in the administration of justice. Natural justice is not only confined to ‘fairness’ it will take many shades and colours based on the context. Thus natural justice apart from ‘fairness’ also implies reasonableness, equity and equality. They are neither cast in a rigid mould nor can they be put in a legal straitjacket. These principles written by nature in the heart of mankind, they are immutable, inviolable, and inalienable.

It is true that the concept of natural justice is not very clear and, therefore, it is not possible to define it; yet the principles of natural justice are accepted and enforced. In the case of Ridge V. Baldwin Court observed that “in modern times have sometimes been expressed to the effect that natural justice is as vague as to be practically meaningless. But I would regard these as tainted by the perennial fallacy that because something cannot be cut and dried or nicely weighed or measured therefore it does not exist”. The term natural justice signifies fundamental rules of judicial procedure and fair play in action. According to Lord Widgery “the principles of natural justice were those fundamental rules; the breach will prevent justice from being seen to be done”. Earliest expression of ‘natural justice’ could be found in the philosophical expression of Roman Jurist (jus natural) and signified rules and principles for the conduct of man which were independent of enacted law or customs and could be discovered by the rational intelligence of man and would grow out of and conform to his nature.

The rule against bias that surfaced in 1610 in Dr Bonham's Casewhere Chief Justice Coke went so far as to say that the Court could declare an Act of Parliament void if it made a man as judge in his own cause, or otherwise ‘against common right and reason’. This was one of his grounds for disallowing the claim of the College of Physicians to fine and imprison Doctor Bonham, a Doctor of Physics of Cambridge University, for practising in the city of London without the licence of College of Physicians. The statute under which the College acted provided that fines should go half to the King half to the College so that the College had a financial interest in its own judgement and was judged in its own cause.

Question:

X was a renowned cricketer in the 1980s. His son Y is a struggling cricketer who has been trying to get into the national team for many years. In the year 2020, X is appointed as a member of the selection committee. In the match which is supposed to decide the final team of the nation, Y scores a century and Z scores 65 runs. However, Z is selected to represent India and Y is not. Y now appeals against the decision, the main ground being the presence of X in the committee. Decide.

Option: 1

The appeal will stand as Y scored a century yet Z was selected after scoring 65 runs


Option: 2

The appeal will be quashed since X’s presence should have benefitted Y, but it didn’t, hence the rejection of Y is valid


Option: 3

The appeal will stand as X’s presence is a factor of bias


Option: 4

The appeal will be quashed since X was a renowned cricketer


Read the passage and answer the question that follow.

Natural justice is another name for common sense justice rules of natural justice are not in codified form these principles are embedded or ingrained or inbuilt in the conscience of human beings. It supplies the omission made in codified law and helps in the administration of justice. Natural justice is not only confined to ‘fairness’ it will take many shades and colours based on the context. Thus natural justice apart from ‘fairness’ also implies reasonableness, equity and equality. They are neither cast in a rigid mould nor can they be put in a legal straitjacket. These principles written by nature in the heart of mankind, they are immutable, inviolable, and inalienable.

It is true that the concept of natural justice is not very clear and, therefore, it is not possible to define it; yet the principles of natural justice are accepted and enforced. In the case of Ridge V. Baldwin Court observed that “in modern times have sometimes been expressed to the effect that natural justice is as vague as to be practically meaningless. But I would regard these as tainted by the perennial fallacy that because something cannot be cut and dried or nicely weighed or measured therefore it does not exist”. The term natural justice signifies fundamental rules of judicial procedure and fair play in action. According to Lord Widgery “the principles of natural justice were those fundamental rules; the breach will prevent justice from being seen to be done”. Earliest expression of ‘natural justice’ could be found in the philosophical expression of Roman Jurist (jus natural) and signified rules and principles for the conduct of man which were independent of enacted law or customs and could be discovered by the rational intelligence of man and would grow out of and conform to his nature.

The rule against bias that surfaced in 1610 in Dr Bonham's Casewhere Chief Justice Coke went so far as to say that the Court could declare an Act of Parliament void if it made a man as judge in his own cause, or otherwise ‘against common right and reason’. This was one of his grounds for disallowing the claim of the College of Physicians to fine and imprison Doctor Bonham, a Doctor of Physics of Cambridge University, for practising in the city of London without the licence of College of Physicians. The statute under which the College acted provided that fines should go half to the King half to the College so that the College had a financial interest in its own judgement and was judged in its own cause.

Question:

X is a married judge who is well known for his honesty in the entire city. He has a son Y. One fine day Y gets kidnapped and the kidnapper demands a sum of 20 lakhs from X. However, the kidnapper is caught by the police. X is now appointed as the judge for the hearing of the kidnapper. Decide.

Option: 1

X can be the judge since he can decide the punishment better as he was the sufferer


Option: 2

X cannot be the judge since there is a possibility that he will be biased while delivering the judgement


Option: 3

X can be the judge since he is renowned for his honesty and fulfil his duties


Option: 4

X can be the judge but his statement can be appealed against if delivered with bias


Read the passage and answer the question that follow.

Natural justice is another name for common sense justice rules of natural justice are not in codified form these principles are embedded or ingrained or inbuilt in the conscience of human beings. It supplies the omission made in codified law and helps in the administration of justice. Natural justice is not only confined to ‘fairness’ it will take many shades and colours based on the context. Thus natural justice apart from ‘fairness’ also implies reasonableness, equity and equality. They are neither cast in a rigid mould nor can they be put in a legal straitjacket. These principles written by nature in the heart of mankind, they are immutable, inviolable, and inalienable.

It is true that the concept of natural justice is not very clear and, therefore, it is not possible to define it; yet the principles of natural justice are accepted and enforced. In the case of Ridge V. Baldwin Court observed that “in modern times have sometimes been expressed to the effect that natural justice is as vague as to be practically meaningless. But I would regard these as tainted by the perennial fallacy that because something cannot be cut and dried or nicely weighed or measured therefore it does not exist”. The term natural justice signifies fundamental rules of judicial procedure and fair play in action. According to Lord Widgery “the principles of natural justice were those fundamental rules; the breach will prevent justice from being seen to be done”. Earliest expression of ‘natural justice’ could be found in the philosophical expression of Roman Jurist (jus natural) and signified rules and principles for the conduct of man which were independent of enacted law or customs and could be discovered by the rational intelligence of man and would grow out of and conform to his nature.

The rule against bias that surfaced in 1610 in Dr Bonham's Casewhere Chief Justice Coke went so far as to say that the Court could declare an Act of Parliament void if it made a man as judge in his own cause, or otherwise ‘against common right and reason’. This was one of his grounds for disallowing the claim of the College of Physicians to fine and imprison Doctor Bonham, a Doctor of Physics of Cambridge University, for practising in the city of London without the licence of College of Physicians. The statute under which the College acted provided that fines should go half to the King half to the College so that the College had a financial interest in its own judgement and was judged in its own cause.

Question:

X and Y have been married for five years. X is a judge and Y is a doctor. X is pretty much unhappy with his married life so he wants to divorce Y. Y refuses to agree to a divorce by mutual consent hence X files a suit against Y. Decide.

Option: 1

X cannot file a suit since he is a judge


Option: 2

X can file a suit against Y in legal capacity but not as a judge


Option: 3

X cannot file a divorce suit against Y since there is no valid ground for divorce


Option: 4

X can proceed with mutual consent but not contested divorce


Read the passage and answer the question that follow.

In the case of M/S Halonex Limited, 59-A Noida vs State of U.P., it was held that “In reply to the aforesaid submission, learned counsel for opposite party no.2 submitted that the case of the applicants that no amount is due from their side to the complainant is a matter of defence which cannot be considered at this stage. It has been submitted that the term 'entrustment' as used in Section 405 IPC has been given a wider interpretation. It has been submitted that the goods returned by the complainant to the Company for replacement or for reimbursement would be deemed to have been entrusted to the Company and as the applicants 2 & 3 were handling its affair they become responsible. To buttress the said submission, the learned counsel for the complainant drew the attention of the Court to a decision of the Apex Court in the case of Ram Narayan Popli Vs. Central Bureau of Investigation: (2003) 3 SCC 641, wherein it was observed that: "the term "entrustment" is not necessarily a term of law. It may have different implications in different contexts. In its most general signification all it imports is the handing over possession for some purpose which may not imply the conferring of any proprietary right at all." Attention was also drawn to an observation made in the judgment of the aforesaid case, where it was observed that: "to establish the charge of criminal breach of trust, the prosecution is not obliged to prove the precise mode of conversion, misappropriation or misapplication by the accused of the property entrusted to him or over which he has dominion. The principal ingredient of the offence being dishonest misappropriation or conversion which may not ordinarily be a matter of direct proof, entrustment of property and failure in breach of an obligation to account for the property entrusted if proved, may, in the light of other circumstances, justifiably lead to an inference of dishonest misappropriation or conversion”.

Question:

X tracks down an expensive necklace on the road. Not knowing to whom it belongs. X sells it promptly to a jeweller without attempting to find the owner or submitting the necklace to the authorities. Decide the liability of X.

Option: 1

Extortion


Option: 2

Criminal breach of trust


Option: 3

Theft


Option: 4

Criminal misappropriation of Property


Read the passage and answer the question that follow.

In the case of M/S Halonex Limited, 59-A Noida vs State of U.P., it was held that “In reply to the aforesaid submission, learned counsel for opposite party no.2 submitted that the case of the applicants that no amount is due from their side to the complainant is a matter of defence which cannot be considered at this stage. It has been submitted that the term 'entrustment' as used in Section 405 IPC has been given a wider interpretation. It has been submitted that the goods returned by the complainant to the Company for replacement or for reimbursement would be deemed to have been entrusted to the Company and as the applicants 2 & 3 were handling its affair they become responsible. To buttress the said submission, the learned counsel for the complainant drew the attention of the Court to a decision of the Apex Court in the case of Ram Narayan Popli Vs. Central Bureau of Investigation: (2003) 3 SCC 641, wherein it was observed that: "the term "entrustment" is not necessarily a term of law. It may have different implications in different contexts. In its most general signification all it imports is the handing over possession for some purpose which may not imply the conferring of any proprietary right at all." Attention was also drawn to an observation made in the judgment of the aforesaid case, where it was observed that: "to establish the charge of criminal breach of trust, the prosecution is not obliged to prove the precise mode of conversion, misappropriation or misapplication by the accused of the property entrusted to him or over which he has dominion. The principal ingredient of the offence being dishonest misappropriation or conversion which may not ordinarily be a matter of direct proof, entrustment of property and failure in breach of an obligation to account for the property entrusted if proved, may, in the light of other circumstances, justifiably lead to an inference of dishonest misappropriation or conversion”.

Question:

P borrows from L his phone for using it to call his parents. However, when L is distracted, P removes the memory card of the phone and later on sells it. Decide the liability of P.

Option: 1

P is guilty under dishonest misappropriation of property

 


Option: 2

P is not guilty for any offence since the phone was given with consent


Option: 3

P is guilty for theft


Option: 4

P has been handed over the phone, so he has the right to use it as he likes


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