CLAT 2025 Delhi HC Hearing (Latest Update): Reserves UG verdict, CLAT PG hearing on April 21

CLAT 2025 Delhi HC Hearing (Latest Update): Reserves UG verdict, CLAT PG hearing on April 21

Edited By Sukriti Sahoo | Updated on Apr 10, 2025 12:35 PM IST | #CLAT
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The Delhi High Court reserved its verdict on petitions challenging the CLAT 2025 UG exam results. The Division Bench, comprising Chief Justice Devendra Kumar Upadhyaya and Justice Tushar Rao Gedela was hearing the petitions pertaining to CLAT UG results. The pending CLAT PG cases will be heard on the next date, April 21. In the CLAT 2025 Delhi HC hearing on April 9, around 12 CLAT 2025 cases revolving around the UG exam were heard. The outcome of this CLAT 2025 Delhi HC hearing may lead to the revision of the CLAT 2025 results if the court rules in favour of petitioners' claims.

CLAT 2025 Delhi HC Hearing (Latest Update): Reserves UG verdict, CLAT PG hearing on April 21
CLAT 2025 Delhi HC Hearing (Latest Update): Reserves UG verdict, CLAT PG hearing on April 21

On April 8, Senior Advocate Rajshekhar Rao appeared on behalf of the Consortium of NLUs and explained the entire CLAT 2025 answer key preparation and objection redressal process to the Chief Justice. He also cited examples of other cases where judges had ruled that courts should not interfere in academic matters. The court is hearing the CLAT UG cases. The counsels representing Aditya Singh and Harshit Gard argued on behalf of their clients. During the hearing, the court also suggested that the Consortium should improve its process to set the CLAT question paper.

Multiple petitions in the CLAT 2025 hearing pertain to challenging the CLAT 2025 results due to alleged errors in the answer key. If CLAT 2025 revised results are declared, it will likely impact the candidates' rank significantly. The Consortium of NLUs will announce the CLAT 2025 counselling dates only after the cases are resolved; till then, the admission process will remain postponed indefinitely. Candidates can also get live updates about the CLAT 2025 hearing by clicking on the link here.

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List of CLAT UG 2025 Cases

S.No

Diary No. / Case No.

Petitioner Vs. Respondent

1

LPA 1250/2024 & CM APPL. 76373/2024, CM APPL. 76374/2024

Aditya Singh (Minor) Vs Consortium of NLUs

2

LPA 1251/2024 & CM APPL. 76410/2024, CM APPL. 76411/2024

Consortium of NLUs (appellant) vs Aditya Singh (Minor) through his father (respondent)

3

W.P.(C) 2591 / 2025

Kuber Swami Vs Consortium of NLUs

4

W.P.(C) 2559 / 2025

A Vaishnavi (Minor) through her father Shri T Arun Vs Consortium of NLUs through its PR

5

W.P.(C) 2517 / 2025

Harshit Garg Vs Consortium of NLUs and Ors

6

W.P.(C) 2516 / 2025

Hardik Garg Vs Consortium of NLUs and Ors

7

W.P.(C) 2367 / 2025

Aslesha Ajitsari (Minor) represented by her father Vinay Ajitsaria Vs Consortium of NLUs and Ors

8

W.P.(C) 2366 / 2025

Prabhas Kumar (Minor) through his natural guardian Prakhar Kumar Vs Consortium of NLUs

9

W.P.(C) 2365 / 2025

Master Timabak Eashwar through his natural guardian Vasudha Thiagarajan Vs Consortium of NLUs and Ors

10

W.P.(C) 2363 / 2025

Harshita and Ors Vs Consortium of NLUs and Ors

11

W.P.(C) 4375 / 2025

Yajat Sen Vs. Consortium of NLUs and Ors

12

W.P.(C) 4157 / 2025

Shivraj Sharma Vs Consortium of NLUs and and Ors

CLAT PG Cases to Be Heard on April 21

Sl. no

Case No.

Parties to the Case

1

W.P.(C) 2560/2025

Ayush Agrawal Vs Consortium of NLUs

2

W.P.(C) 2364/2025

Anam Khan Vs Consortium of NLUs

3

W.P.(C) 2558 /2025

Nitika Vs Consortium of NLUs

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CLAT 2025 Delhi HC Hearing - Day-wise Updates

In this section, get the latest updates about the CLAT 2025 Delhi HC hearing.

9th April 2025 Updates

Court Reserves Judgement

The court has reserved judgment related to petitions against mistakes. The CLAT PG cases will be heard on April 21.

Court Takes Up Petition by Candidate Kuber Swami

The candidate Kuber Swami has requested the court seeking change of the category. The candidate had applied under the general category but now wants to change the category to the OBC category. However, there was no one present who was representing the petitioner.

Court Questions Greivance Redressal Committee

The court asked the counsel representing the Consortium of NLUs what is the mandate given to the Grievance Redressal Committee. The committee should be answerable to the complainant.

Issue on Underlining Passages or Marking in Question Paper

The court heard the petition pertaining to Ayana Yadav and the matter related to underlining passages in the question paper. The counsel argued that the invigilator was not apprised of the new rules which released on November 30 that allowed underlining the passages. The candidate was not allowed to underline and it affected the candidate's performance and led to wastage of time.

Comment on Legal Reasoning Questions

The HC has commented that a class 12 student is not expected to know legal terms to answer questions that are based on the passages.

CLAT 2025 Hearing - Item No. 91

The court is now hearing Item no 91 by candidate Yajat Sen. The candidates argues 4 questions 67,68,69,75 in Set A from the legal reasoning which are out of syllabus and requires the candidate to have prior knowledge of law. The questions related to void and voidable argument.

Petition by new Candidate

A new challenge has been brought in front of the Division Bench pertaining to a question on seating arrangement. The petition is not yet numbered.

CLAT 2025 HC Hearing Petition by Triambak

The Division bench is now hearing a petition by Triambak - Petition no. 2365, Item no 96. Q. no. 91 and 93 is the new challenges made by the petitioner from the logical reasoning section in the master booklet.

CLAT 2025 HC Hearing Petition by Prabhas Kumar

The Division bench is now hearing a petition by Prabhas Kumar - Petition no. 2366, Item no. 97. The petitioner is questioning question no. 118 in Set D.

CLAT 2025 Hearing Going On

The counsel appearing on behalf of candidates is explaining a question related to wages paid to labourers and the gender gap in the wages paid, which is question number 116 in Set A.

CLAT 2025 Hearing Started

The Delhi HC has started hearing the pending CLAT 2025 cases. There are 15 pending cases in CLAT 2025. The Consortium of NLUs is being represented by Senior Advocate Rajashekhar Rao.

When will the HC Decide CLAT UG Cases?

The Delhi HC has stated its intention to resolve the CLAT UG cases before the summer vacation as it is aware of the urgency of the matters. The next academic session is expected to start soon.

Court Position on Candidate Petitions

The Delhi HC has insisted that it will hear only those petitions where the candidates had raised their objections with the Consortium of NLUs first. The petitions of candidates who have directly approached the court without first raising an objection with the consortium may not be entertained.

CLAT 2025 Hearing to Resume Soon

The Division Bench is expected to resume the CLAT 2025 hearing soon. At present, the court is hearing item number 82. The CLAT 2025 hearing is expected to extend in the post-lunch session as well similar to what happened in the hearings on April 7 and April 8.

CLAT 2025 Cases Item Numbers

The pending CLAT 2025 cases have been listed from item numbers 90 to 104 in the supplementary cause list. The court is now hearing item number 80. The hearing is expected to begin soon.

CLAT 2025 Counselling to Resume after the Decision of Delhi HC

The CLAT 2025 counselling for UG and PG is now on hold. The decision of the court on CLAT 2025 will determine whether the results will be upheld or revised. If the CLAT UG cases are dealt with first, then the consortium is expected to start the CLAT UG counselling earlier.

CLAT 2025 UG Petitions

The HC is expected to hear the remaining CLAT UG petitions today. Yesterday, the court heard the petitions filed by Aditya Singh and Harshit Garg. The CLAT cases are listed from items 90 to 104 in the supplementary cause list of Court no. 1 for April 9.

8th April 2025 Updates

CLAT 2025 Hearing Continues Today

The Division Bench of the Delhi HC chaired by Chief Justice Devendra Kumar Upadhyaya and Justice Tushar Rao Gedela, will resume the CLAT 2025 hearing on April 9, 2025. The CLAT UG cases are currently being heard which will then be followed by CLAT PG cases.

CLAT 2025 Hearing to Resume on April 9

The Delhi HC will resume the CLAT 2025 hearing the next day, April 9. During the hearing, the counsel representing the Consortium of NLUs, and the counsels representing the candidates Aditya Singh and Harshit Garg were allowed to speak. A final decision is yet to be made in the hearing today.

CLAT 2025 Hearing in Case of Harshit Garg

The division bench is now hearing the petitions filed by candidate Harshit Garg (Items no 54, 55).

CLAT 2025 Hearing in Case of Aditya Singh

The court is currently hearing the petition filed by Aditya Singh. The counsel representing Aditya Singh is arguing for the acceptance of objections for the remaining three objections that were rejected by the Single Judge bench.

CLAT 2025 Hearing Discussion So Far

Senior Advocate Rajshekhar Rao, representing the Consortium, took the judges through the maths questions in the CLAT 2025 question paper. He also explained the answer key objection handling process. Mr Rao also cited examples of other cases and argued that courts should not interfere in academic matters. The judges commented that the method to set the CLAT 2025 question paper can be improved.

One More Change Likely in the CLAT 2025 Answer Key

The Delhi High Court on Monday remarked that at least one question in this year's CLAT 2025 has to be scrapped. The court will try to decide the cases related to CLAT UG before the summer vacations.

Who will hear the CLAT 2025 cases at Delhi High Court today?

The Division Bench, comprising Chief Justice D K Upadhyaya and Justice Tushar Rao Gedela will conduct the hearing related to CLAT 2025 cases today, April 8. They will take the petitions against CLAT PG 2025 answer key separately for admission to postgraduate courses.

What the Delhi HC said on its last hearing

On yesterday's hearing, the Delhi High Court said "suspense and anxiety" were not good for the aspirants. A bench of Chief Justice D K Upadhyaya and Justice Tushar Rao Gedela said it intended to complete the hearing on the petitions as soon as possible so that the results can be declared.

What happened on CLAT 2025 Delhi HC Last Hearing?

In the last hearing at Delhi High Court on CLAT 2025 results, a division of Chief Justice Devendra Kumar Upadhyaya and Justice Tushar Rao Gedela discussed what questions in the CLAT 2025 answer key were wrong and what the single judge order.

7th April 2025 Updates

The Division Bench will resume its hearing of the CLAT 2025 petitions again on April 8, 2025. The hearing on April 7 remained inconclusive, and the court reiterated its commitment to resolve the cases as fast as possible for the benefit of the students.

Division Bench Members for the CLAT 2025 Delhi HC Hearing Today

The Division Bench of Chief Justice Devendra Kumar Upadhyaya and Justice Tushar Rao Gedela heard the matter on the CLAT 2025 results at Delhi HC today. The division bench said that there was an urgency in hearing challenge to CLAT UG 2025 results and that the same must be decided before vacations.

The CLAT 2025 Delhi HC Hearing ends; hearing to resume tomorrow

The Delhi High Court hearing on CLAT 2025 results ends for the day; The Delhi HC will continue hearing on the matter tomorrow.

CLAT 2025 Hearing Dates

Multiple hearings have been conducted in CLAT 2025 so far. The last CLAT 2025 hearing was conducted on March 3 by the Delhi HC. Before that, the Supreme Court had conducted a hearing on February 6 and transferred the cases to a single HC - the Delhi HC.

What are the Pending Cases About?

The pending cases pertain to both CLAT UG and CLAT PG exams. The petitions have been filed against mistakes in the CLAT final answer key and the high cost of raising objections, and conduct of the exam. The CLAT 2025 result is also expected to be revised.

Two New Cases in Hearing

Two new cases, Shivraj Sharma vs. Consortium of NLUs and Yajat Sen vs. Consortium of NLUs, have been added to the list of pending cases. This brings the number of pending cases in CLAT 2025 to 15.

Latest Update on Delhi High Court CLAT UG 2025 Hearing

After three continuous days of hearings on CLAT 2025 cases, the Delhi HC reserved its verdict on the batch of cases indicating errors in the CLAT 2025 undergraduate (UG) exam on April 9. A bench of Chief Justice Devendra Kumar Upadhyaya and Justice Tushar Rao Gedela heard the objections raised by each petitioner and enquired if they were raised with the Consortium of NLUs within the 24-hour timeline given for filing objections.

In the CLAT 2025 hearing on April 9, a candidate appeared before the court through virtual mode to argue his case himself. He alleged that the legal reasoning passage questions on Contract Law were out of the syllabus since they would require the candidate to have prior knowledge of legal terms such as void/voidable agreements, consideration, etc. "You are testing legal understanding of a Class 12th student. He would not know consideration. This is for the experts to decide, but I don't know. Will it be possible for a Class 12 student to know the meaning of consideration under Contract Law? said the Chief Justice to the Consortium.

Further, one learned counsel also raised the issue of not being given permission to underline on the question paper during the exam, to which the court asked the counsel of Consortium to strengthen their grievance redressal mechanism and file a proper affidavit addressing the underlining issue. The other matter that has been separated is regarding a candidate seeking a change from the general to the reserved category. However, the Delhi HC segregated these two petitions from the CLAT 2025 UG cases, directing that they would be heard separately. The judges later said, "With respect to the PG matters, the court will commence hearing on the next date, April 21,".

CLAT 2025 Results Likely To Be Revised

The Delhi HC is set to play an important role in determining whether the results will be revised. Previously, on December 20, 2024, a single-judge bench of the Delhi HC identified errors in two questions (14 and 100 in Set A) and directed the consortium to revise the results. The consortium appealed this decision, but the division bench found no apparent error in the single judge ruling. If the court rules in favor of the petitioners, the CLAT results are indeed likely to be revised, impacting candidates’ ranks and the subsequent counselling schedule. However, the CLAT 2025 results are likely to be revised by adjusting scores for at least two questions, impacting rankings and delaying the NLU admissions.

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Questions related to CLAT

Have a question related to CLAT ?

You can directly contact the admission office of SOA University to inquire about the possibility of applying for the BBA LLB course without having appeared for the SAAT or CLAT exams. They may offer alternative admission processes or counseling options for such cases.

With a CLAT 2025 rank of 35,000, getting into top NLUs (National Law Universities) is not possible in the general category. However, you still have some options:

1. Private Law Colleges (Accepting CLAT Score):

You have good chances at:

ICFAI Law School (Hyderabad, Dehradun)

Alliance University, Bangalore

UPES Dehradun

MIT-WPU, Pune

LPU, Punjab

NMIMS (Some campuses)

VIT School of Law

These colleges may offer admission at or below this rank, often through their own application process.

2. State Law Universities & Other Options:

Some state government/private universities use CLAT scores for admission but have higher cut-offs.

Consider giving LSAT India, CUET, or other law entrance tests for better private law schools.

With a CLAT rank of 35,000, getting admission to top law colleges in Delhi is tough through CLAT alone, as NLU Delhi does not accept CLAT (it accepts AILET), and other top options like DU (Faculty of Law) take CUET-PG for 3-year LLB.

However, here are some private law colleges in/around Delhi you can consider:

Law Colleges in Delhi Accepting CLAT (or with own entrance):

1. Amity Law School, Noida

Accepts CLAT and also has its own admission process.

Decent faculty, infrastructure, and placements.

2. JIMS School of Law, Greater Noida

Accepts CLAT / LSAT / their own exam.

3. Sharda University, Greater Noida

Accepts CLAT / LSAT / SUAT.

4. IILM University, Gurugram (near Delhi)

Accepts CLAT score and direct admission available.

5. Galgotias University, Greater NoidaAccepts CLAT and also has its own entrance.

Hello ,

As per your mentioned query, you will be glad to know that yes you are eligible for giving CLAT exam , if you haven't maths in your class 11th. As per the eligibility criteria , student must passed their class 12th from any recognised board from any stream having the minimum percentage of 45% .

To know more , refer this :

https://law.careers360.com/articles/clat-eligibility-criteria

All the best !!

Hi aspirant,

Securing a seat with a rank of 8290 in CLAT 2025 may be difficult, but not impossible, given the cutoff trends from the previous year and the fact that IP University (Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University) takes into account CLAT scores for admission to its BA LLB program. This is especially true if you are a candidate from Delhi.

According to the 2024 cutoff data, some colleges connected with IP University had closing ranks for the BA LLB program that exceeded 8,000 in subsequent rounds, especially for the Delhi area.

To find out the precise requirements for admission and the list of linked universities that accept CLAT scores, it is best to consult the official IP University admission pamphlet for 2025.  Additionally, after every counseling session, monitor the cutoff lists that IP University releases.

All the best!


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Read the passage carefully and answer the question

The Contract should be performed by the promisor himself. However, in certain cases, it can also be performed by his agents or legal representatives. It all depends upon the intention of the parties. Normally a contract can be performed by the following persons. 

  1. Promisor himself: If from the nature of the contract it appears that it was the intention of the parties that the promise should be performed by the promisor himself, such promise must be performed by the promisor. This usually applies to contracts involving personal skill, task, or artwork. 
  2. Promisor or his Agent: Where the contract does not involve the personal skill of the promisor, the contract could be performed by the promisor himself or by any competent person employed by him for the purpose, 
  3. Legal Representatives: The contracts which do not involve any personal skill or taste, may be performed by his legal representative after the death of the promisor.
  4. Third Person: In some cases, a contract may be performed by a third person provided the promisee accepts the arrangement. According to Section 41 of the Indian Contract Act, once the promisee accepts the performance from a third person, he cannot compel the promisor to perform the contract again. 
  5. Performance of Joint Promises: According to section 42 of the Indian Contract Act, when two or more persons have made a joint promise, the joint promisors must fulfill the promise jointly during their lifetime. And if any one of them dies, then his legal representatives and survivors must jointly fulfill the promise. 

Section 43 of the Indian Contract Act further provides that unless a contrary intention appears from the contract, each joint promisor may compel every other joint promisor to contribute equally to the performance of the promise. If any joint promisor makes a default in such contribution, the remaining joint promisors must bear the loss arising from such default in equal shares.

Question:

Aman received a box of chocolates from Basant and promised to pay Rupees 5000. Later on, A becomes bankrupt. Chetan who is a friend of Aman pays rupees 1000 to Besant on behalf of Aman. Aman is not aware of such a transaction. In civil court, insolvency proceedings have started against Aman. Meanwhile, Basant has also applied for a recovery of 5000 rupees. Decide.

Option: 1

Basant is entitled to recover the amount of 5000 from Aman.


Option: 2

Basant is entitled to recover the amount of 4000 from Aman.


Option: 3

Chetan is entitled to recover the amount of 1000 from Basant.


Option: 4

Basant cannot recover any amount from Aman as he has become insolvent.


Read the passage carefully and answer the question

The Contract should be performed by the promisor himself. However, in certain cases, it can also be performed by his agents or legal representatives. It all depends upon the intention of the parties. Normally a contract can be performed by the following persons. 

  1. Promisor himself: If from the nature of the contract it appears that it was the intention of the parties that the promise should be performed by the promisor himself, such promise must be performed by the promisor. This usually applies to contracts involving personal skill, task, or artwork. 
  2. Promisor or his Agent: Where the contract does not involve the personal skill of the promisor, the contract could be performed by the promisor himself or by any competent person employed by him for the purpose, 
  3. Legal Representatives: The contracts which do not involve any personal skill or taste, may be performed by his legal representative after the death of the promisor.
  4. Third Person: In some cases, a contract may be performed by a third person provided the promisee accepts the arrangement. According to Section 41 of the Indian Contract Act, once the promisee accepts the performance from a third person, he cannot compel the promisor to perform the contract again. 
  5. Performance of Joint Promises: According to section 42 of the Indian Contract Act, when two or more persons have made a joint promise, the joint promisors must fulfill the promise jointly during their lifetime. And if any one of them dies, then his legal representatives and survivors must jointly fulfill the promise. 

Section 43 of the Indian Contract Act further provides that unless a contrary intention appears from the contract, each joint promisor may compel every other joint promisor to contribute equally to the performance of the promise. If any joint promisor makes a default in such contribution, the remaining joint promisors must bear the loss arising from such default in equal shares.

Question:

K promises to paint a picture for L on a certain day, at a certain price. K dies before the day of the contract. Decide. 

Option: 1

The contract can be enforced by K’s representative 


Option: 2

The contract can be enforced by L


Option: 3

The contract can be enforced either by K’s representation or by L 


Option: 4

The contract cannot be enforced either by K’s representative, or L


Read the passage carefully and answer the question

The Contract should be performed by the promisor himself. However, in certain cases, it can also be performed by his agents or legal representatives. It all depends upon the intention of the parties. Normally a contract can be performed by the following persons. 

  1. Promisor himself: If from the nature of the contract it appears that it was the intention of the parties that the promise should be performed by the promisor himself, such promise must be performed by the promisor. This usually applies to contracts involving personal skill, task, or artwork. 
  2. Promisor or his Agent: Where the contract does not involve the personal skill of the promisor, the contract could be performed by the promisor himself or by any competent person employed by him for the purpose, 
  3. Legal Representatives: The contracts which do not involve any personal skill or taste, may be performed by his legal representative after the death of the promisor.
  4. Third Person: In some cases, a contract may be performed by a third person provided the promisee accepts the arrangement. According to Section 41 of the Indian Contract Act, once the promisee accepts the performance from a third person, he cannot compel the promisor to perform the contract again. 
  5. Performance of Joint Promises: According to section 42 of the Indian Contract Act, when two or more persons have made a joint promise, the joint promisors must fulfill the promise jointly during their lifetime. And if any one of them dies, then his legal representatives and survivors must jointly fulfill the promise. 

Section 43 of the Indian Contract Act further provides that unless a contrary intention appears from the contract, each joint promisor may compel every other joint promisor to contribute equally to the performance of the promise. If any joint promisor makes a default in such contribution, the remaining joint promisors must bear the loss arising from such default in equal shares.

Question:

Rohan has agreed to manage the catering services during the marriage of Sohan’s son Ramu. On the day of marriage, Rohan felt ill and sent his manager to the management of catering services. Ramu happily gets married to Tina and people appreciated the food and decoration of the event. When Rohan asked Sohan for the remaining amount, he denied it because Rohan himself had not managed so it is a breach. Decide.

 

Option: 1

Rohan is not entitled to get the remaining amount due to a breach of contract.


Option: 2

Rohan is entitled to sue Sohan for the remaining amount.


Option: 3

Rohan is entitled to sue Ramu because it was his marriage.


Option: 4

Instead of Rohan, his manager can only sue Sohan for the breach.


Read the passage and answer the question that follow.

Natural justice is another name for common sense justice rules of natural justice are not in codified form these principles are embedded or ingrained or inbuilt in the conscience of human beings. It supplies the omission made in codified law and helps in the administration of justice. Natural justice is not only confined to ‘fairness’ it will take many shades and colours based on the context. Thus natural justice apart from ‘fairness’ also implies reasonableness, equity and equality. They are neither cast in a rigid mould nor can they be put in a legal straitjacket. These principles written by nature in the heart of mankind, they are immutable, inviolable, and inalienable.

It is true that the concept of natural justice is not very clear and, therefore, it is not possible to define it; yet the principles of natural justice are accepted and enforced. In the case of Ridge V. Baldwin Court observed that “in modern times have sometimes been expressed to the effect that natural justice is as vague as to be practically meaningless. But I would regard these as tainted by the perennial fallacy that because something cannot be cut and dried or nicely weighed or measured therefore it does not exist”. The term natural justice signifies fundamental rules of judicial procedure and fair play in action. According to Lord Widgery “the principles of natural justice were those fundamental rules; the breach will prevent justice from being seen to be done”. Earliest expression of ‘natural justice’ could be found in the philosophical expression of Roman Jurist (jus natural) and signified rules and principles for the conduct of man which were independent of enacted law or customs and could be discovered by the rational intelligence of man and would grow out of and conform to his nature.

The rule against bias that surfaced in 1610 in Dr Bonham's Casewhere Chief Justice Coke went so far as to say that the Court could declare an Act of Parliament void if it made a man as judge in his own cause, or otherwise ‘against common right and reason’. This was one of his grounds for disallowing the claim of the College of Physicians to fine and imprison Doctor Bonham, a Doctor of Physics of Cambridge University, for practising in the city of London without the licence of College of Physicians. The statute under which the College acted provided that fines should go half to the King half to the College so that the College had a financial interest in its own judgement and was judged in its own cause.

Question:

X is a student of a college and his father Y is a professor in the same college. In one instance, X is caught to be involved in unparliamentary activities inside the college campus. The enquiry committee is set up and Y is appointed as the head of the committee. Decide.

Option: 1

Y is a professor of the same college hence he can become a member of the enquiry committee


Option: 2

Y is X’s father hence he should not be a part of the enquiry committee


Option: 3

Y can be a part of the enquiry committee but cannot be its head


Option: 4

There is no rule that prevents the appointment of Y until he fulfils his function diligently


Read the passage and answer the question that follow.

Natural justice is another name for common sense justice rules of natural justice are not in codified form these principles are embedded or ingrained or inbuilt in the conscience of human beings. It supplies the omission made in codified law and helps in the administration of justice. Natural justice is not only confined to ‘fairness’ it will take many shades and colours based on the context. Thus natural justice apart from ‘fairness’ also implies reasonableness, equity and equality. They are neither cast in a rigid mould nor can they be put in a legal straitjacket. These principles written by nature in the heart of mankind, they are immutable, inviolable, and inalienable.

It is true that the concept of natural justice is not very clear and, therefore, it is not possible to define it; yet the principles of natural justice are accepted and enforced. In the case of Ridge V. Baldwin Court observed that “in modern times have sometimes been expressed to the effect that natural justice is as vague as to be practically meaningless. But I would regard these as tainted by the perennial fallacy that because something cannot be cut and dried or nicely weighed or measured therefore it does not exist”. The term natural justice signifies fundamental rules of judicial procedure and fair play in action. According to Lord Widgery “the principles of natural justice were those fundamental rules; the breach will prevent justice from being seen to be done”. Earliest expression of ‘natural justice’ could be found in the philosophical expression of Roman Jurist (jus natural) and signified rules and principles for the conduct of man which were independent of enacted law or customs and could be discovered by the rational intelligence of man and would grow out of and conform to his nature.

The rule against bias that surfaced in 1610 in Dr Bonham's Casewhere Chief Justice Coke went so far as to say that the Court could declare an Act of Parliament void if it made a man as judge in his own cause, or otherwise ‘against common right and reason’. This was one of his grounds for disallowing the claim of the College of Physicians to fine and imprison Doctor Bonham, a Doctor of Physics of Cambridge University, for practising in the city of London without the licence of College of Physicians. The statute under which the College acted provided that fines should go half to the King half to the College so that the College had a financial interest in its own judgement and was judged in its own cause.

Question:

Mr X is an employee of a corporate office. His wife Y is a judge. In one instance, X is found to be involved in a money laundering case at his office. The office now files a suit and Y is appointed as the judge for this case. Decide.

Option: 1

Y is a judge by herself, hence can be appointed to adjudicate this case


Option: 2

Y is can be appointed as a judge only if she fulfils her responsibilities without any bias


Option: 3

Y can adjudicate the case and if the company finds the penalty to be insufficient then they can appeal against it


Option: 4

Y cannot be the judge in this case ab initio


Read the passage and answer the question that follow.

Natural justice is another name for common sense justice rules of natural justice are not in codified form these principles are embedded or ingrained or inbuilt in the conscience of human beings. It supplies the omission made in codified law and helps in the administration of justice. Natural justice is not only confined to ‘fairness’ it will take many shades and colours based on the context. Thus natural justice apart from ‘fairness’ also implies reasonableness, equity and equality. They are neither cast in a rigid mould nor can they be put in a legal straitjacket. These principles written by nature in the heart of mankind, they are immutable, inviolable, and inalienable.

It is true that the concept of natural justice is not very clear and, therefore, it is not possible to define it; yet the principles of natural justice are accepted and enforced. In the case of Ridge V. Baldwin Court observed that “in modern times have sometimes been expressed to the effect that natural justice is as vague as to be practically meaningless. But I would regard these as tainted by the perennial fallacy that because something cannot be cut and dried or nicely weighed or measured therefore it does not exist”. The term natural justice signifies fundamental rules of judicial procedure and fair play in action. According to Lord Widgery “the principles of natural justice were those fundamental rules; the breach will prevent justice from being seen to be done”. Earliest expression of ‘natural justice’ could be found in the philosophical expression of Roman Jurist (jus natural) and signified rules and principles for the conduct of man which were independent of enacted law or customs and could be discovered by the rational intelligence of man and would grow out of and conform to his nature.

The rule against bias that surfaced in 1610 in Dr Bonham's Casewhere Chief Justice Coke went so far as to say that the Court could declare an Act of Parliament void if it made a man as judge in his own cause, or otherwise ‘against common right and reason’. This was one of his grounds for disallowing the claim of the College of Physicians to fine and imprison Doctor Bonham, a Doctor of Physics of Cambridge University, for practising in the city of London without the licence of College of Physicians. The statute under which the College acted provided that fines should go half to the King half to the College so that the College had a financial interest in its own judgement and was judged in its own cause.

Question:

X was a renowned cricketer in the 1980s. His son Y is a struggling cricketer who has been trying to get into the national team for many years. In the year 2020, X is appointed as a member of the selection committee. In the match which is supposed to decide the final team of the nation, Y scores a century and Z scores 65 runs. However, Z is selected to represent India and Y is not. Y now appeals against the decision, the main ground being the presence of X in the committee. Decide.

Option: 1

The appeal will stand as Y scored a century yet Z was selected after scoring 65 runs


Option: 2

The appeal will be quashed since X’s presence should have benefitted Y, but it didn’t, hence the rejection of Y is valid


Option: 3

The appeal will stand as X’s presence is a factor of bias


Option: 4

The appeal will be quashed since X was a renowned cricketer


Read the passage and answer the question that follow.

Natural justice is another name for common sense justice rules of natural justice are not in codified form these principles are embedded or ingrained or inbuilt in the conscience of human beings. It supplies the omission made in codified law and helps in the administration of justice. Natural justice is not only confined to ‘fairness’ it will take many shades and colours based on the context. Thus natural justice apart from ‘fairness’ also implies reasonableness, equity and equality. They are neither cast in a rigid mould nor can they be put in a legal straitjacket. These principles written by nature in the heart of mankind, they are immutable, inviolable, and inalienable.

It is true that the concept of natural justice is not very clear and, therefore, it is not possible to define it; yet the principles of natural justice are accepted and enforced. In the case of Ridge V. Baldwin Court observed that “in modern times have sometimes been expressed to the effect that natural justice is as vague as to be practically meaningless. But I would regard these as tainted by the perennial fallacy that because something cannot be cut and dried or nicely weighed or measured therefore it does not exist”. The term natural justice signifies fundamental rules of judicial procedure and fair play in action. According to Lord Widgery “the principles of natural justice were those fundamental rules; the breach will prevent justice from being seen to be done”. Earliest expression of ‘natural justice’ could be found in the philosophical expression of Roman Jurist (jus natural) and signified rules and principles for the conduct of man which were independent of enacted law or customs and could be discovered by the rational intelligence of man and would grow out of and conform to his nature.

The rule against bias that surfaced in 1610 in Dr Bonham's Casewhere Chief Justice Coke went so far as to say that the Court could declare an Act of Parliament void if it made a man as judge in his own cause, or otherwise ‘against common right and reason’. This was one of his grounds for disallowing the claim of the College of Physicians to fine and imprison Doctor Bonham, a Doctor of Physics of Cambridge University, for practising in the city of London without the licence of College of Physicians. The statute under which the College acted provided that fines should go half to the King half to the College so that the College had a financial interest in its own judgement and was judged in its own cause.

Question:

X is a married judge who is well known for his honesty in the entire city. He has a son Y. One fine day Y gets kidnapped and the kidnapper demands a sum of 20 lakhs from X. However, the kidnapper is caught by the police. X is now appointed as the judge for the hearing of the kidnapper. Decide.

Option: 1

X can be the judge since he can decide the punishment better as he was the sufferer


Option: 2

X cannot be the judge since there is a possibility that he will be biased while delivering the judgement


Option: 3

X can be the judge since he is renowned for his honesty and fulfil his duties


Option: 4

X can be the judge but his statement can be appealed against if delivered with bias


Read the passage and answer the question that follow.

Natural justice is another name for common sense justice rules of natural justice are not in codified form these principles are embedded or ingrained or inbuilt in the conscience of human beings. It supplies the omission made in codified law and helps in the administration of justice. Natural justice is not only confined to ‘fairness’ it will take many shades and colours based on the context. Thus natural justice apart from ‘fairness’ also implies reasonableness, equity and equality. They are neither cast in a rigid mould nor can they be put in a legal straitjacket. These principles written by nature in the heart of mankind, they are immutable, inviolable, and inalienable.

It is true that the concept of natural justice is not very clear and, therefore, it is not possible to define it; yet the principles of natural justice are accepted and enforced. In the case of Ridge V. Baldwin Court observed that “in modern times have sometimes been expressed to the effect that natural justice is as vague as to be practically meaningless. But I would regard these as tainted by the perennial fallacy that because something cannot be cut and dried or nicely weighed or measured therefore it does not exist”. The term natural justice signifies fundamental rules of judicial procedure and fair play in action. According to Lord Widgery “the principles of natural justice were those fundamental rules; the breach will prevent justice from being seen to be done”. Earliest expression of ‘natural justice’ could be found in the philosophical expression of Roman Jurist (jus natural) and signified rules and principles for the conduct of man which were independent of enacted law or customs and could be discovered by the rational intelligence of man and would grow out of and conform to his nature.

The rule against bias that surfaced in 1610 in Dr Bonham's Casewhere Chief Justice Coke went so far as to say that the Court could declare an Act of Parliament void if it made a man as judge in his own cause, or otherwise ‘against common right and reason’. This was one of his grounds for disallowing the claim of the College of Physicians to fine and imprison Doctor Bonham, a Doctor of Physics of Cambridge University, for practising in the city of London without the licence of College of Physicians. The statute under which the College acted provided that fines should go half to the King half to the College so that the College had a financial interest in its own judgement and was judged in its own cause.

Question:

X and Y have been married for five years. X is a judge and Y is a doctor. X is pretty much unhappy with his married life so he wants to divorce Y. Y refuses to agree to a divorce by mutual consent hence X files a suit against Y. Decide.

Option: 1

X cannot file a suit since he is a judge


Option: 2

X can file a suit against Y in legal capacity but not as a judge


Option: 3

X cannot file a divorce suit against Y since there is no valid ground for divorce


Option: 4

X can proceed with mutual consent but not contested divorce


Read the passage and answer the question that follow.

In the case of M/S Halonex Limited, 59-A Noida vs State of U.P., it was held that “In reply to the aforesaid submission, learned counsel for opposite party no.2 submitted that the case of the applicants that no amount is due from their side to the complainant is a matter of defence which cannot be considered at this stage. It has been submitted that the term 'entrustment' as used in Section 405 IPC has been given a wider interpretation. It has been submitted that the goods returned by the complainant to the Company for replacement or for reimbursement would be deemed to have been entrusted to the Company and as the applicants 2 & 3 were handling its affair they become responsible. To buttress the said submission, the learned counsel for the complainant drew the attention of the Court to a decision of the Apex Court in the case of Ram Narayan Popli Vs. Central Bureau of Investigation: (2003) 3 SCC 641, wherein it was observed that: "the term "entrustment" is not necessarily a term of law. It may have different implications in different contexts. In its most general signification all it imports is the handing over possession for some purpose which may not imply the conferring of any proprietary right at all." Attention was also drawn to an observation made in the judgment of the aforesaid case, where it was observed that: "to establish the charge of criminal breach of trust, the prosecution is not obliged to prove the precise mode of conversion, misappropriation or misapplication by the accused of the property entrusted to him or over which he has dominion. The principal ingredient of the offence being dishonest misappropriation or conversion which may not ordinarily be a matter of direct proof, entrustment of property and failure in breach of an obligation to account for the property entrusted if proved, may, in the light of other circumstances, justifiably lead to an inference of dishonest misappropriation or conversion”.

Question:

X tracks down an expensive necklace on the road. Not knowing to whom it belongs. X sells it promptly to a jeweller without attempting to find the owner or submitting the necklace to the authorities. Decide the liability of X.

Option: 1

Extortion


Option: 2

Criminal breach of trust


Option: 3

Theft


Option: 4

Criminal misappropriation of Property


Read the passage and answer the question that follow.

In the case of M/S Halonex Limited, 59-A Noida vs State of U.P., it was held that “In reply to the aforesaid submission, learned counsel for opposite party no.2 submitted that the case of the applicants that no amount is due from their side to the complainant is a matter of defence which cannot be considered at this stage. It has been submitted that the term 'entrustment' as used in Section 405 IPC has been given a wider interpretation. It has been submitted that the goods returned by the complainant to the Company for replacement or for reimbursement would be deemed to have been entrusted to the Company and as the applicants 2 & 3 were handling its affair they become responsible. To buttress the said submission, the learned counsel for the complainant drew the attention of the Court to a decision of the Apex Court in the case of Ram Narayan Popli Vs. Central Bureau of Investigation: (2003) 3 SCC 641, wherein it was observed that: "the term "entrustment" is not necessarily a term of law. It may have different implications in different contexts. In its most general signification all it imports is the handing over possession for some purpose which may not imply the conferring of any proprietary right at all." Attention was also drawn to an observation made in the judgment of the aforesaid case, where it was observed that: "to establish the charge of criminal breach of trust, the prosecution is not obliged to prove the precise mode of conversion, misappropriation or misapplication by the accused of the property entrusted to him or over which he has dominion. The principal ingredient of the offence being dishonest misappropriation or conversion which may not ordinarily be a matter of direct proof, entrustment of property and failure in breach of an obligation to account for the property entrusted if proved, may, in the light of other circumstances, justifiably lead to an inference of dishonest misappropriation or conversion”.

Question:

P borrows from L his phone for using it to call his parents. However, when L is distracted, P removes the memory card of the phone and later on sells it. Decide the liability of P.

Option: 1

P is guilty under dishonest misappropriation of property

 


Option: 2

P is not guilty for any offence since the phone was given with consent


Option: 3

P is guilty for theft


Option: 4

P has been handed over the phone, so he has the right to use it as he likes


Lawyer

A lawyer is a professional who practises law. An Individual in the lawyer career path defends his or her client's cases and makes arguments on his or her behalf in both criminal and civil proceedings. A lawyer may advise and assist clients on how they should handle their legal issues. An individual as a career in law in India is considered one of the most sought-after careers.

A lawyer's job requires inhibiting skills. It involves practical applications of abstract legal theories and knowledge to solve specialised individual problems or to facilitate the interests of those who hire a lawyer to perform legal services. Here, in this article, we will discuss how to become a lawyer after 10th, is lawyer a good career in India, and how to become a lawyer in India.

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