CLAT 2025 Delhi High Court Judgment Live Updates: Verdict Next Week? Check Hearing Dates

CLAT 2025 Delhi High Court Judgment Live Updates: Verdict Next Week? Check Hearing Dates

Edited By Sumeet Sudarshan | Updated on Apr 18, 2025 05:00 PM IST | #CLAT

The Delhi HC judgement for the CLAT UG hearings is expected to be out next week. The case list for CLAT PG is also out. 3 cases will be hard in the CLAT PG 2025 hearing on April 21. The CLAT 2025 HC hearing will be streamed live. The link to attend the CLAT PG hearing online is given below. The HC is closed this week on account of Good Friday and the weekend. Earlier, the Division bench, consisting of Chief Justice Devendra Kumar Upadhyaya and Justice Tushar Rao Gedela, had reserved the judgment after hearing the petitions related to the CLAT UG exam. The Consortium of NLUs has postponed the CLAT 2025 counselling process indefinitely till the cases are resolved. In this article, get all the latest updates about the CLAT 2025 HC hearing.

CLAT 2025 Delhi High Court Judgment Live Updates: Verdict Next Week? Check Hearing Dates
CLAT 2025 Delhi High Court Judgment Live Updates: Verdict Next Week? Check Hearing Dates

In all, there are about 16 cases in CLAT 2025 that have been transferred from various High Courts across the country to the Delhi High Court. Senior Advocate Rajashekhar Rao is representing the Consortium of NLUs in the HC hearing.

CLAT PG Live Hearing Link

Given below is the link to the CLAT 2025 HC hearing. Candidates can click on the link and attend the live court proceedings on April 21.

CLAT PG April 21 Live Hearing Link

Two Cases Segregated from Other UG Petitions

During the hearing from April 7 to 9, the division bench heard the petitions one by one. During the hearing, the judges decided to segregate two petitions relating to CLAT UG from the rest of the batch, as they were not about mistakes in the CLAT answer key and were irrelevant to the outcome of the CLAT 2025 results. Among them, one petition (Ayanna Yadav) was about the candidate not being allowed to underline paragraphs in the question paper during the exam, and the second one (Kuber Swami) was about a change in caste category. These petitions will be heard separately.

The judgement for the rest of the petitions during the CLAT UG hearing is now awaited.

Important Points That Came Up in the CLAT UG Hearing

  • The five objections raised by candidate Aditya Singh were discussed. Two of them have already been accepted by a single-judge bench earlier, and the Consortium of NLUs has challenged the court verdict.

  • One of the primary arguments of the candidates was that questions in the legal reasoning section required prior knowledge of law to answer them, when the Consoritum explicitly mentions that knowledge of law is not required to answer the questions

  • A particular legal reasoning passage that had questions about void/voidable agreement drew the judge’s attention, where they remarked that a person with no legal knowledge will be able to understand terms like void and voidable.

  • Objections were raised in the quantitative techniques section for questions form a passage that was about the gender gap in daily wages.

CLAT 2025 HC Hearing Judgement: Live Updates

All the latest updates about the CLAT 2025 UG hearing judgment will be provided in this section.

5 PM: Can CLAT 2025 Hearing be Transferred to a Different Bench?

If the current bench does not release the reserved judgement even after six months, then the petitioners can approach the Chief Justice with a prayer to withdraw the case or to transfer the case to a different bench. However, the CLAT 2025 judgment is expected to come out soon without further delay.

3:30 PM: Can Candidates Request Faster Judgement?

If the HC does not release the reserved judgement within three months, then the petitioners can file a prayer urging the court for the quick release of the judgement.

12:45 PM: CLAT PG Hearing Live Link

The CLAT PG hearing live link is given above in the article. Candidates can click on the link on April 21 to watch the CLAT 2025 HC hearing live. It is advised that candidates must come as early as possible to be able to attend the hearing.

11:15 AM: CLAT PG Hearing Schedule

The CLAT PG hearing is expected to begin early, around 11 am. The three petitions in CLAT PG have been listed as items 5, 6 and 7, which means the Division Bench will hear them early on the day.

April 18, 9 AM: CLAT PG Case List Out

The cause list for the sitting benches on April 21 is out. Three cases in CLAT PG are listed for hearing. Anam Khan, Nitika, and Ayush Agarwal filed the three petitions that will be heard during the CLAT PG hearing.

5:15 PM: HC to Remain Closed on April 18

The Delhi HC will remain closed on account of the holiday for Good Friday. The court will open on April 21 when the next hearing for CLAT PG is scheduled.

4 PM: Court Remark on Legal Reasoning Section

During the CLAT UG hearings, the judges had wondered whether the candidates who are class 12 students will be able to answer certain questions in CLAT legal reasoning without prior knowledge of law. These questions related to topics like consideration, void and voidable contract.

2 PM: Court Remark on CLAT 2025 Question Paper

During the hearing, the Division Bench had advised the consortium to improve the quality of the question paper setters due to the errors and mistakes that led to several petitions being filed against CLAT UG and PG.

11:45 AM: Will Delhi HC Verdict Come This Week?

There is no update yet about the judgement coming on April 17. The Delhi HC will remain closed on April 18 on account of the holiday for Good Friday. The HC will remain closed over the weekend as both Saturday and Sunday are holidays. It is expected that the Delhi HC verdict will come only next week.

9:45 AM: Upcoming Holiday for Delhi HC

The Delhi HC will remain closed on April 18 on account of the holiday for Good Friday. So, the wait for the CLAT UG judgement is expected to prolong into the next week.

April 17, 8:40 AM: When Will the Judgement Come?

The Division Bench did not give any tentative date for the judgement. However, the court has remarked that it will try to resolve the cases as soon as possible before the vacation starts. It can be inferred from this that the judgement can likely come in the fourth week of April or the first week of May.

5 PM: CLAT 2025 Delhi HC Hearing Live

In addition to visiting the Delhi HC's official website for regular updates, candidates can also watch the CLAT hearings live by clicking on the hearing link provided in the cause list published on the court's website.

4:30 PM: Delhi HC Official Website

Candidates can visit the official website of the Delhi HC for regular updates about the CLAT 2025 hearings and petitions. The official website is - delhihighcourt.nic.in

3 PM: Argument by Consortium's Counsel

Senior Advocate, Rajashekhar Rao who represented the Consortium of NLUs during the CLAT 2025 hearing, argued that courts should not interfere in academic matters and act like an expert until it is extremely necessary.

2 PM: Court Observations on Legal Reasoning

After several candidates questioned the nature of questions in the CLAT 2025 legal reasoning section, the Delhi HC had commented that a class 12 student is not expected to know legal terms to answer questions that are based on the passage.

12:45 PM: What are the Segregated Cases About?

Among the two cases that will be heard separately, one is related to the caste category of candidate Kuber Swami, and the other is related to Ayana Yadav, where the petitioner claimed she was not allowed to underline paragraphs in the question paper when the rules clearly allow the candidate to do so.

12 PM: Objections Raised by Candidate Yajat Sen

The petition filed by Yajat Sen was unique as the candidate had not filed objections against the answer key during the objection window. Instead, he has approached the court directly. He argues that questions from the legal reasoning were out of syllabus and required candidates to have prior knowledge of law. He was referring to Q. no 67,68,69, and 75 in Set A.

11 AM: Objections Raised by Candidate Aditya Singh

The only petition in which the HC verdict has issued an earlier order is the Aditya Singh vs Consortium of NLUs case. Aditya Singh has raised objections against 5 questions in Set A, two of which were accepted by the court. He had challenged Q. no. 14, 37, 67, 68, and 100. The answer to question 14 was changed from D to C. Q. no 100 was withdrawn.

10 AM: What are the CLAT UG Cases About?

The cases in CLAT UG are about mistakes in the CLAT UG answer key, legal reasoning questions that require prior knowledge in law, and lapses in the conduct of the exam that affected the candidate's performance.

9:30 AM: Cases in CLAT PG Hearing

Currently, the three cases that will be taken up in the CLAT PG HC hearing are petitions filed by candidates Ayush Agrawal, Anam Khan and Nitika. The hearing is scheduled on April 21.

April 16, 9 AM: Cases to be Heard Separately

Two of the cases in the CLAT UG hearing were not related to mistakes in the answer key and so the judges ordered that these cases will be heard separately from the rest of the cases. The two cases are petitions filed by candidates Kuber Swami and Ayana Yadav.

5:25 PM: Cases in CLAT PG Hearing

As of now, three cases will be taken up in the CLAT PG hearing on April 21. More cases may be added if the court receives any additional petitions in the matter.

April 15, 5:05 PM: Cases in CLAT UG Hearing

There are around 11 pending petitions in CLAT UG related to mistakes in the CLAT 2025 answer key for which the HC judgement has been reserved. The cases include the well known Aditya Singh vs Consortium of NLUs where the candidate had raised 5 objections, two of which were accepted earlier by the Delhi HC.

Articles

Certifications By Top Providers

Israel State and Society
Via The Hebrew University of Jerusalem
Study from Still Life
Via Indira Gandhi National Open University, New Delhi
Home Science-Extension and Communication Management Level-2
Via English and Foreign Languages University, Hyderabad
Economic History of India from 1857 to 1947
Via St Alberts College, Ernakulam
Global Ethics An Introduction
Via The Open University, Milton Keynes
Swayam
 161 courses
Edx
 128 courses
Futurelearn
 74 courses
NPTEL
 63 courses
Coursera
 52 courses

Explore Top Universities Across Globe

Questions related to CLAT

Have a question related to CLAT ?

Books for CLAT preparation:

1)Objective General English by N.Khurmi and George

2)General knowledge by Lucent Publications

3) Legal awareness and Legal reasoning by Pearson

4) Verbal and Non-verbal reasoning by R.S.Aggrawal

5)Quantitative aptitude by R.S.Aggrawal

Based on your score of 42/120 in the CLAT 2026 mock test, it's difficult to provide an exact rank as the rank depends on the overall performance of candidates. However, with a score like this, you may expect a rank in the mid to lower range, potentially beyond 2000, but this can vary.

If you scored 42/120 in a mock CLAT test for 2026, your estimated rank would be around 32,500 . This is based on a general distribution of marks. However, the actual rank can vary depending on the difficulty of the exam, the performance of other candidates, and the competition on the test day.

CLAT 2025 marks vs rank

You can directly contact the admission office of SOA University to inquire about the possibility of applying for the BBA LLB course without having appeared for the SAAT or CLAT exams. They may offer alternative admission processes or counseling options for such cases.

With a CLAT 2025 rank of 35,000, getting into top NLUs (National Law Universities) is not possible in the general category. However, you still have some options:

1. Private Law Colleges (Accepting CLAT Score):

You have good chances at:

ICFAI Law School (Hyderabad, Dehradun)

Alliance University, Bangalore

UPES Dehradun

MIT-WPU, Pune

LPU, Punjab

NMIMS (Some campuses)

VIT School of Law

These colleges may offer admission at or below this rank, often through their own application process.

2. State Law Universities & Other Options:

Some state government/private universities use CLAT scores for admission but have higher cut-offs.

Consider giving LSAT India, CUET, or other law entrance tests for better private law schools.

View All

Read the passage carefully and answer the question

The Contract should be performed by the promisor himself. However, in certain cases, it can also be performed by his agents or legal representatives. It all depends upon the intention of the parties. Normally a contract can be performed by the following persons. 

  1. Promisor himself: If from the nature of the contract it appears that it was the intention of the parties that the promise should be performed by the promisor himself, such promise must be performed by the promisor. This usually applies to contracts involving personal skill, task, or artwork. 
  2. Promisor or his Agent: Where the contract does not involve the personal skill of the promisor, the contract could be performed by the promisor himself or by any competent person employed by him for the purpose, 
  3. Legal Representatives: The contracts which do not involve any personal skill or taste, may be performed by his legal representative after the death of the promisor.
  4. Third Person: In some cases, a contract may be performed by a third person provided the promisee accepts the arrangement. According to Section 41 of the Indian Contract Act, once the promisee accepts the performance from a third person, he cannot compel the promisor to perform the contract again. 
  5. Performance of Joint Promises: According to section 42 of the Indian Contract Act, when two or more persons have made a joint promise, the joint promisors must fulfill the promise jointly during their lifetime. And if any one of them dies, then his legal representatives and survivors must jointly fulfill the promise. 

Section 43 of the Indian Contract Act further provides that unless a contrary intention appears from the contract, each joint promisor may compel every other joint promisor to contribute equally to the performance of the promise. If any joint promisor makes a default in such contribution, the remaining joint promisors must bear the loss arising from such default in equal shares.

Question:

Aman received a box of chocolates from Basant and promised to pay Rupees 5000. Later on, A becomes bankrupt. Chetan who is a friend of Aman pays rupees 1000 to Besant on behalf of Aman. Aman is not aware of such a transaction. In civil court, insolvency proceedings have started against Aman. Meanwhile, Basant has also applied for a recovery of 5000 rupees. Decide.

Option: 1

Basant is entitled to recover the amount of 5000 from Aman.


Option: 2

Basant is entitled to recover the amount of 4000 from Aman.


Option: 3

Chetan is entitled to recover the amount of 1000 from Basant.


Option: 4

Basant cannot recover any amount from Aman as he has become insolvent.


Read the passage carefully and answer the question

The Contract should be performed by the promisor himself. However, in certain cases, it can also be performed by his agents or legal representatives. It all depends upon the intention of the parties. Normally a contract can be performed by the following persons. 

  1. Promisor himself: If from the nature of the contract it appears that it was the intention of the parties that the promise should be performed by the promisor himself, such promise must be performed by the promisor. This usually applies to contracts involving personal skill, task, or artwork. 
  2. Promisor or his Agent: Where the contract does not involve the personal skill of the promisor, the contract could be performed by the promisor himself or by any competent person employed by him for the purpose, 
  3. Legal Representatives: The contracts which do not involve any personal skill or taste, may be performed by his legal representative after the death of the promisor.
  4. Third Person: In some cases, a contract may be performed by a third person provided the promisee accepts the arrangement. According to Section 41 of the Indian Contract Act, once the promisee accepts the performance from a third person, he cannot compel the promisor to perform the contract again. 
  5. Performance of Joint Promises: According to section 42 of the Indian Contract Act, when two or more persons have made a joint promise, the joint promisors must fulfill the promise jointly during their lifetime. And if any one of them dies, then his legal representatives and survivors must jointly fulfill the promise. 

Section 43 of the Indian Contract Act further provides that unless a contrary intention appears from the contract, each joint promisor may compel every other joint promisor to contribute equally to the performance of the promise. If any joint promisor makes a default in such contribution, the remaining joint promisors must bear the loss arising from such default in equal shares.

Question:

K promises to paint a picture for L on a certain day, at a certain price. K dies before the day of the contract. Decide. 

Option: 1

The contract can be enforced by K’s representative 


Option: 2

The contract can be enforced by L


Option: 3

The contract can be enforced either by K’s representation or by L 


Option: 4

The contract cannot be enforced either by K’s representative, or L


Read the passage carefully and answer the question

The Contract should be performed by the promisor himself. However, in certain cases, it can also be performed by his agents or legal representatives. It all depends upon the intention of the parties. Normally a contract can be performed by the following persons. 

  1. Promisor himself: If from the nature of the contract it appears that it was the intention of the parties that the promise should be performed by the promisor himself, such promise must be performed by the promisor. This usually applies to contracts involving personal skill, task, or artwork. 
  2. Promisor or his Agent: Where the contract does not involve the personal skill of the promisor, the contract could be performed by the promisor himself or by any competent person employed by him for the purpose, 
  3. Legal Representatives: The contracts which do not involve any personal skill or taste, may be performed by his legal representative after the death of the promisor.
  4. Third Person: In some cases, a contract may be performed by a third person provided the promisee accepts the arrangement. According to Section 41 of the Indian Contract Act, once the promisee accepts the performance from a third person, he cannot compel the promisor to perform the contract again. 
  5. Performance of Joint Promises: According to section 42 of the Indian Contract Act, when two or more persons have made a joint promise, the joint promisors must fulfill the promise jointly during their lifetime. And if any one of them dies, then his legal representatives and survivors must jointly fulfill the promise. 

Section 43 of the Indian Contract Act further provides that unless a contrary intention appears from the contract, each joint promisor may compel every other joint promisor to contribute equally to the performance of the promise. If any joint promisor makes a default in such contribution, the remaining joint promisors must bear the loss arising from such default in equal shares.

Question:

Rohan has agreed to manage the catering services during the marriage of Sohan’s son Ramu. On the day of marriage, Rohan felt ill and sent his manager to the management of catering services. Ramu happily gets married to Tina and people appreciated the food and decoration of the event. When Rohan asked Sohan for the remaining amount, he denied it because Rohan himself had not managed so it is a breach. Decide.

 

Option: 1

Rohan is not entitled to get the remaining amount due to a breach of contract.


Option: 2

Rohan is entitled to sue Sohan for the remaining amount.


Option: 3

Rohan is entitled to sue Ramu because it was his marriage.


Option: 4

Instead of Rohan, his manager can only sue Sohan for the breach.


Read the passage and answer the question that follow.

Natural justice is another name for common sense justice rules of natural justice are not in codified form these principles are embedded or ingrained or inbuilt in the conscience of human beings. It supplies the omission made in codified law and helps in the administration of justice. Natural justice is not only confined to ‘fairness’ it will take many shades and colours based on the context. Thus natural justice apart from ‘fairness’ also implies reasonableness, equity and equality. They are neither cast in a rigid mould nor can they be put in a legal straitjacket. These principles written by nature in the heart of mankind, they are immutable, inviolable, and inalienable.

It is true that the concept of natural justice is not very clear and, therefore, it is not possible to define it; yet the principles of natural justice are accepted and enforced. In the case of Ridge V. Baldwin Court observed that “in modern times have sometimes been expressed to the effect that natural justice is as vague as to be practically meaningless. But I would regard these as tainted by the perennial fallacy that because something cannot be cut and dried or nicely weighed or measured therefore it does not exist”. The term natural justice signifies fundamental rules of judicial procedure and fair play in action. According to Lord Widgery “the principles of natural justice were those fundamental rules; the breach will prevent justice from being seen to be done”. Earliest expression of ‘natural justice’ could be found in the philosophical expression of Roman Jurist (jus natural) and signified rules and principles for the conduct of man which were independent of enacted law or customs and could be discovered by the rational intelligence of man and would grow out of and conform to his nature.

The rule against bias that surfaced in 1610 in Dr Bonham's Casewhere Chief Justice Coke went so far as to say that the Court could declare an Act of Parliament void if it made a man as judge in his own cause, or otherwise ‘against common right and reason’. This was one of his grounds for disallowing the claim of the College of Physicians to fine and imprison Doctor Bonham, a Doctor of Physics of Cambridge University, for practising in the city of London without the licence of College of Physicians. The statute under which the College acted provided that fines should go half to the King half to the College so that the College had a financial interest in its own judgement and was judged in its own cause.

Question:

X is a student of a college and his father Y is a professor in the same college. In one instance, X is caught to be involved in unparliamentary activities inside the college campus. The enquiry committee is set up and Y is appointed as the head of the committee. Decide.

Option: 1

Y is a professor of the same college hence he can become a member of the enquiry committee


Option: 2

Y is X’s father hence he should not be a part of the enquiry committee


Option: 3

Y can be a part of the enquiry committee but cannot be its head


Option: 4

There is no rule that prevents the appointment of Y until he fulfils his function diligently


Read the passage and answer the question that follow.

Natural justice is another name for common sense justice rules of natural justice are not in codified form these principles are embedded or ingrained or inbuilt in the conscience of human beings. It supplies the omission made in codified law and helps in the administration of justice. Natural justice is not only confined to ‘fairness’ it will take many shades and colours based on the context. Thus natural justice apart from ‘fairness’ also implies reasonableness, equity and equality. They are neither cast in a rigid mould nor can they be put in a legal straitjacket. These principles written by nature in the heart of mankind, they are immutable, inviolable, and inalienable.

It is true that the concept of natural justice is not very clear and, therefore, it is not possible to define it; yet the principles of natural justice are accepted and enforced. In the case of Ridge V. Baldwin Court observed that “in modern times have sometimes been expressed to the effect that natural justice is as vague as to be practically meaningless. But I would regard these as tainted by the perennial fallacy that because something cannot be cut and dried or nicely weighed or measured therefore it does not exist”. The term natural justice signifies fundamental rules of judicial procedure and fair play in action. According to Lord Widgery “the principles of natural justice were those fundamental rules; the breach will prevent justice from being seen to be done”. Earliest expression of ‘natural justice’ could be found in the philosophical expression of Roman Jurist (jus natural) and signified rules and principles for the conduct of man which were independent of enacted law or customs and could be discovered by the rational intelligence of man and would grow out of and conform to his nature.

The rule against bias that surfaced in 1610 in Dr Bonham's Casewhere Chief Justice Coke went so far as to say that the Court could declare an Act of Parliament void if it made a man as judge in his own cause, or otherwise ‘against common right and reason’. This was one of his grounds for disallowing the claim of the College of Physicians to fine and imprison Doctor Bonham, a Doctor of Physics of Cambridge University, for practising in the city of London without the licence of College of Physicians. The statute under which the College acted provided that fines should go half to the King half to the College so that the College had a financial interest in its own judgement and was judged in its own cause.

Question:

Mr X is an employee of a corporate office. His wife Y is a judge. In one instance, X is found to be involved in a money laundering case at his office. The office now files a suit and Y is appointed as the judge for this case. Decide.

Option: 1

Y is a judge by herself, hence can be appointed to adjudicate this case


Option: 2

Y is can be appointed as a judge only if she fulfils her responsibilities without any bias


Option: 3

Y can adjudicate the case and if the company finds the penalty to be insufficient then they can appeal against it


Option: 4

Y cannot be the judge in this case ab initio


Read the passage and answer the question that follow.

Natural justice is another name for common sense justice rules of natural justice are not in codified form these principles are embedded or ingrained or inbuilt in the conscience of human beings. It supplies the omission made in codified law and helps in the administration of justice. Natural justice is not only confined to ‘fairness’ it will take many shades and colours based on the context. Thus natural justice apart from ‘fairness’ also implies reasonableness, equity and equality. They are neither cast in a rigid mould nor can they be put in a legal straitjacket. These principles written by nature in the heart of mankind, they are immutable, inviolable, and inalienable.

It is true that the concept of natural justice is not very clear and, therefore, it is not possible to define it; yet the principles of natural justice are accepted and enforced. In the case of Ridge V. Baldwin Court observed that “in modern times have sometimes been expressed to the effect that natural justice is as vague as to be practically meaningless. But I would regard these as tainted by the perennial fallacy that because something cannot be cut and dried or nicely weighed or measured therefore it does not exist”. The term natural justice signifies fundamental rules of judicial procedure and fair play in action. According to Lord Widgery “the principles of natural justice were those fundamental rules; the breach will prevent justice from being seen to be done”. Earliest expression of ‘natural justice’ could be found in the philosophical expression of Roman Jurist (jus natural) and signified rules and principles for the conduct of man which were independent of enacted law or customs and could be discovered by the rational intelligence of man and would grow out of and conform to his nature.

The rule against bias that surfaced in 1610 in Dr Bonham's Casewhere Chief Justice Coke went so far as to say that the Court could declare an Act of Parliament void if it made a man as judge in his own cause, or otherwise ‘against common right and reason’. This was one of his grounds for disallowing the claim of the College of Physicians to fine and imprison Doctor Bonham, a Doctor of Physics of Cambridge University, for practising in the city of London without the licence of College of Physicians. The statute under which the College acted provided that fines should go half to the King half to the College so that the College had a financial interest in its own judgement and was judged in its own cause.

Question:

X was a renowned cricketer in the 1980s. His son Y is a struggling cricketer who has been trying to get into the national team for many years. In the year 2020, X is appointed as a member of the selection committee. In the match which is supposed to decide the final team of the nation, Y scores a century and Z scores 65 runs. However, Z is selected to represent India and Y is not. Y now appeals against the decision, the main ground being the presence of X in the committee. Decide.

Option: 1

The appeal will stand as Y scored a century yet Z was selected after scoring 65 runs


Option: 2

The appeal will be quashed since X’s presence should have benefitted Y, but it didn’t, hence the rejection of Y is valid


Option: 3

The appeal will stand as X’s presence is a factor of bias


Option: 4

The appeal will be quashed since X was a renowned cricketer


Read the passage and answer the question that follow.

Natural justice is another name for common sense justice rules of natural justice are not in codified form these principles are embedded or ingrained or inbuilt in the conscience of human beings. It supplies the omission made in codified law and helps in the administration of justice. Natural justice is not only confined to ‘fairness’ it will take many shades and colours based on the context. Thus natural justice apart from ‘fairness’ also implies reasonableness, equity and equality. They are neither cast in a rigid mould nor can they be put in a legal straitjacket. These principles written by nature in the heart of mankind, they are immutable, inviolable, and inalienable.

It is true that the concept of natural justice is not very clear and, therefore, it is not possible to define it; yet the principles of natural justice are accepted and enforced. In the case of Ridge V. Baldwin Court observed that “in modern times have sometimes been expressed to the effect that natural justice is as vague as to be practically meaningless. But I would regard these as tainted by the perennial fallacy that because something cannot be cut and dried or nicely weighed or measured therefore it does not exist”. The term natural justice signifies fundamental rules of judicial procedure and fair play in action. According to Lord Widgery “the principles of natural justice were those fundamental rules; the breach will prevent justice from being seen to be done”. Earliest expression of ‘natural justice’ could be found in the philosophical expression of Roman Jurist (jus natural) and signified rules and principles for the conduct of man which were independent of enacted law or customs and could be discovered by the rational intelligence of man and would grow out of and conform to his nature.

The rule against bias that surfaced in 1610 in Dr Bonham's Casewhere Chief Justice Coke went so far as to say that the Court could declare an Act of Parliament void if it made a man as judge in his own cause, or otherwise ‘against common right and reason’. This was one of his grounds for disallowing the claim of the College of Physicians to fine and imprison Doctor Bonham, a Doctor of Physics of Cambridge University, for practising in the city of London without the licence of College of Physicians. The statute under which the College acted provided that fines should go half to the King half to the College so that the College had a financial interest in its own judgement and was judged in its own cause.

Question:

X is a married judge who is well known for his honesty in the entire city. He has a son Y. One fine day Y gets kidnapped and the kidnapper demands a sum of 20 lakhs from X. However, the kidnapper is caught by the police. X is now appointed as the judge for the hearing of the kidnapper. Decide.

Option: 1

X can be the judge since he can decide the punishment better as he was the sufferer


Option: 2

X cannot be the judge since there is a possibility that he will be biased while delivering the judgement


Option: 3

X can be the judge since he is renowned for his honesty and fulfil his duties


Option: 4

X can be the judge but his statement can be appealed against if delivered with bias


Read the passage and answer the question that follow.

Natural justice is another name for common sense justice rules of natural justice are not in codified form these principles are embedded or ingrained or inbuilt in the conscience of human beings. It supplies the omission made in codified law and helps in the administration of justice. Natural justice is not only confined to ‘fairness’ it will take many shades and colours based on the context. Thus natural justice apart from ‘fairness’ also implies reasonableness, equity and equality. They are neither cast in a rigid mould nor can they be put in a legal straitjacket. These principles written by nature in the heart of mankind, they are immutable, inviolable, and inalienable.

It is true that the concept of natural justice is not very clear and, therefore, it is not possible to define it; yet the principles of natural justice are accepted and enforced. In the case of Ridge V. Baldwin Court observed that “in modern times have sometimes been expressed to the effect that natural justice is as vague as to be practically meaningless. But I would regard these as tainted by the perennial fallacy that because something cannot be cut and dried or nicely weighed or measured therefore it does not exist”. The term natural justice signifies fundamental rules of judicial procedure and fair play in action. According to Lord Widgery “the principles of natural justice were those fundamental rules; the breach will prevent justice from being seen to be done”. Earliest expression of ‘natural justice’ could be found in the philosophical expression of Roman Jurist (jus natural) and signified rules and principles for the conduct of man which were independent of enacted law or customs and could be discovered by the rational intelligence of man and would grow out of and conform to his nature.

The rule against bias that surfaced in 1610 in Dr Bonham's Casewhere Chief Justice Coke went so far as to say that the Court could declare an Act of Parliament void if it made a man as judge in his own cause, or otherwise ‘against common right and reason’. This was one of his grounds for disallowing the claim of the College of Physicians to fine and imprison Doctor Bonham, a Doctor of Physics of Cambridge University, for practising in the city of London without the licence of College of Physicians. The statute under which the College acted provided that fines should go half to the King half to the College so that the College had a financial interest in its own judgement and was judged in its own cause.

Question:

X and Y have been married for five years. X is a judge and Y is a doctor. X is pretty much unhappy with his married life so he wants to divorce Y. Y refuses to agree to a divorce by mutual consent hence X files a suit against Y. Decide.

Option: 1

X cannot file a suit since he is a judge


Option: 2

X can file a suit against Y in legal capacity but not as a judge


Option: 3

X cannot file a divorce suit against Y since there is no valid ground for divorce


Option: 4

X can proceed with mutual consent but not contested divorce


Read the passage and answer the question that follow.

In the case of M/S Halonex Limited, 59-A Noida vs State of U.P., it was held that “In reply to the aforesaid submission, learned counsel for opposite party no.2 submitted that the case of the applicants that no amount is due from their side to the complainant is a matter of defence which cannot be considered at this stage. It has been submitted that the term 'entrustment' as used in Section 405 IPC has been given a wider interpretation. It has been submitted that the goods returned by the complainant to the Company for replacement or for reimbursement would be deemed to have been entrusted to the Company and as the applicants 2 & 3 were handling its affair they become responsible. To buttress the said submission, the learned counsel for the complainant drew the attention of the Court to a decision of the Apex Court in the case of Ram Narayan Popli Vs. Central Bureau of Investigation: (2003) 3 SCC 641, wherein it was observed that: "the term "entrustment" is not necessarily a term of law. It may have different implications in different contexts. In its most general signification all it imports is the handing over possession for some purpose which may not imply the conferring of any proprietary right at all." Attention was also drawn to an observation made in the judgment of the aforesaid case, where it was observed that: "to establish the charge of criminal breach of trust, the prosecution is not obliged to prove the precise mode of conversion, misappropriation or misapplication by the accused of the property entrusted to him or over which he has dominion. The principal ingredient of the offence being dishonest misappropriation or conversion which may not ordinarily be a matter of direct proof, entrustment of property and failure in breach of an obligation to account for the property entrusted if proved, may, in the light of other circumstances, justifiably lead to an inference of dishonest misappropriation or conversion”.

Question:

X tracks down an expensive necklace on the road. Not knowing to whom it belongs. X sells it promptly to a jeweller without attempting to find the owner or submitting the necklace to the authorities. Decide the liability of X.

Option: 1

Extortion


Option: 2

Criminal breach of trust


Option: 3

Theft


Option: 4

Criminal misappropriation of Property


Read the passage and answer the question that follow.

In the case of M/S Halonex Limited, 59-A Noida vs State of U.P., it was held that “In reply to the aforesaid submission, learned counsel for opposite party no.2 submitted that the case of the applicants that no amount is due from their side to the complainant is a matter of defence which cannot be considered at this stage. It has been submitted that the term 'entrustment' as used in Section 405 IPC has been given a wider interpretation. It has been submitted that the goods returned by the complainant to the Company for replacement or for reimbursement would be deemed to have been entrusted to the Company and as the applicants 2 & 3 were handling its affair they become responsible. To buttress the said submission, the learned counsel for the complainant drew the attention of the Court to a decision of the Apex Court in the case of Ram Narayan Popli Vs. Central Bureau of Investigation: (2003) 3 SCC 641, wherein it was observed that: "the term "entrustment" is not necessarily a term of law. It may have different implications in different contexts. In its most general signification all it imports is the handing over possession for some purpose which may not imply the conferring of any proprietary right at all." Attention was also drawn to an observation made in the judgment of the aforesaid case, where it was observed that: "to establish the charge of criminal breach of trust, the prosecution is not obliged to prove the precise mode of conversion, misappropriation or misapplication by the accused of the property entrusted to him or over which he has dominion. The principal ingredient of the offence being dishonest misappropriation or conversion which may not ordinarily be a matter of direct proof, entrustment of property and failure in breach of an obligation to account for the property entrusted if proved, may, in the light of other circumstances, justifiably lead to an inference of dishonest misappropriation or conversion”.

Question:

P borrows from L his phone for using it to call his parents. However, when L is distracted, P removes the memory card of the phone and later on sells it. Decide the liability of P.

Option: 1

P is guilty under dishonest misappropriation of property

 


Option: 2

P is not guilty for any offence since the phone was given with consent


Option: 3

P is guilty for theft


Option: 4

P has been handed over the phone, so he has the right to use it as he likes


Lawyer

A lawyer is a professional who practises law. An Individual in the lawyer career path defends his or her client's cases and makes arguments on his or her behalf in both criminal and civil proceedings. A lawyer may advise and assist clients on how they should handle their legal issues. An individual as a career in law in India is considered one of the most sought-after careers.

A lawyer's job requires inhibiting skills. It involves practical applications of abstract legal theories and knowledge to solve specialised individual problems or to facilitate the interests of those who hire a lawyer to perform legal services. Here, in this article, we will discuss how to become a lawyer after 10th, is lawyer a good career in India, and how to become a lawyer in India.

4 Jobs Available
Civil Lawyer

Are you searching for a civil lawyer job description? A civil lawyer is a law professional who deals with disputes that come under civil law. Civil law is applicable to issues related t property and business disputes, family disputes, and torts. A tort can be defined as a civil wrong that causes the other person harm or injury. A Civil lawyer handles disputes regarding personal injury, family relationships, real estate, and employment. A career as a civil lawyer requires working with government entities and business institutions. 

3 Jobs Available
Human Rights Lawyer

Individuals in the human rights lawyer career path are legal professionals responsible for advocating for people whose inherent dignity has been violated and who have suffered a lot of injustice. They take cases to defend the human rights of minorities, vulnerable populations, the LGBTQI community, indigenous people and others. 

2 Jobs Available
Criminal Lawyer

A criminal lawyer is a lawyer who specialises in the field of crimes and punishments. Individuals who have been accused of committing a crime are guided by a criminal lawyer. Bail bond hearings, plea bargains, trials, dismissal hearings, appeals, and post-conviction procedures are all part of his or her work. Criminal law is the body of law that describes criminal acts, governs the arrest, prosecution, and trial of offenders, and defines the sentences and correctional options that are available to criminals.

2 Jobs Available
Family Lawyer

Family lawyers are required to assist a client in resolving any family-related problem. In general, family lawyers operate as mediators between family members when conflicts arise. Individuals who opt for a career as Family Lawyer is charged with drafting prenuptial agreements to protect someone's financial interests prior to marriage, consulting on grounds for impeachment or civil union separation, and drafting separation agreements.

2 Jobs Available
Cyber Lawyer

Cyber law careers deal with cyber law job opportunities concerning cybercrimes of all aspects such as cyberbullying, cyber frauds, cyber stalking, sharing personal information without consent, intellectual property and intellectual property, transactions, and freedom of speech.

2 Jobs Available
Immigration Lawyer

An immigration lawyer is responsible for representing the individuals (clients) involved in the immigration process that includes legal, and illegal citizens and refugees who want to reside in the country, start a business or get employment. 

2 Jobs Available
Government Lawyer

A career as Government Lawyer is a professional who deals with law and requires to work for the government. He or she is required to work for either the state government or central government and is also known as Advocate General of the state and attorney general. A career as Government Lawyer requires one to work on behalf of government ministers and administrative staff. He or she gives legal advice and provides legal services in the public interest.

2 Jobs Available
Back to top