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CLAT Exam Instructions 2024 (Released) - Basic Code of Conduct, Advisory

CLAT Exam Instructions 2024 (Released) - Basic Code of Conduct, Advisory

Edited By Team Careers360 | Updated on Dec 03, 2023 11:07 AM IST | #CLAT

The Consortium of National Law Universities (NLUs) has issued the CLAT 2024 exam day guidelines online. The CLAT admit card 2024 also mentions major exam instructions for the candidates. CLAT exam instructions 2024 cover rules, code of conduct, bell timings, marking scheme and several other instructions. Candidates appearing in the CLAT 2024 are advised to read all the CLAT instructions carefully and abide by them to ensure smooth conduct of the examination. Failure to adhere to the CLAT exam instructions may also lead to disqualification of the candidates from the exam.

The scores of Common Law Admission Test will be accepted by 24 National Law Universities that offer admission to various law programmes such as BA LLB, BBA LLB, B.Com LLB and B.Sc LLB and LLM. Read the complete article to know about the CLAT 2024 exam day guidelines, or if there exists any dress code for CLAT 2024, general instructions and more.

CLAT Exam Instructions - Bell timings

TimeType of BellPurpose
1:00 P.M.Long BellPermitting the entry of candidates inside the test centre premises
1:30 P.M.Long BellPermitting the entry of Candidates inside the hall/ classroom
1:50 P.M.Short Bell- Distribution of the sealed Envelopes
- Announcement of Instructions by the Invigilators
2:00 P.M.Long BellCommencement of the test. The candidates can open the sealed envelopes
2:15 P.M.Short BellNo candidate will be allowed to enter the test centre after this time
3:00 P.M.Short BellMarks the completion of 60 (sixty) minutes of the test
3:50 P.M.Short BellWarning Bell to indicate that 10 (ten) minutes are remaining for the test to end
4:00 P.M.Long BellMarks the Completion of the test. No candidate will be allowed to write anything on the OMR Response Sheet/Question Booklet after this Bell
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CLAT 2024 exam day - Items to carry

Certain items are essential for the exam and must be carried on the exam day. The Consoritum allows the following items inside the exam hall:

  • CLAT admit card (In case the photograph is not clear on the Admit Card, candidates must bring a self-attested photograph)
  • ID Proof
  • Black or Blue Ball Point Pens
  • A Transparent Water Bottle
  • An Analogue Watch
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CLAT Exam Rules 2024 - Items to Carry or Avoid

Carry

Avoid

Admit card, photo ID proof, disability proof (If applicable), photograph, blue/black ball pen, transparent water bottle, analogue watch

Calculator, digital watch, study material, mobile phone, bags, camera.

List of acceptable ID proofs

Candidates must have a valid id proof with them in order to appear for CLAT 2024. Given below is a list of valid id proofs that are acceptable for the exam.

  • Aadhaar Card
  • Passport
  • PAN card
  • Ration card/PDS photo card
  • Voter ID card
  • Driving license
  • Photo ID issued by a recognised educational institution
  • Photo bank ATM card
  • Kissan photo passbook
  • CGHS/ECHS photo card
  • Address card having name and photo issued by the department of posts
  • Certificate of identity having photo issued by gazetted officer or tehsildar on letterhead
  • Disability ID card/handicapped medical certificate issued by the respective State/UT governments/administrations
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Documents to be retained by Candidates after the Test

  • Question paper of CLAT
  • Candidate copy of the OMR sheet
  • CLAT admit card

CLAT 2024 exam day guidelines for PWDs and Specially abled persons

In addition to the regular guidelines, the consortium has issued some additional instructions for PWD candidates and specially-abled persons. These are given below:

  • The total time provided to PwDs/SAPs in CLAT 2024 will be 2 hours and 40 minutes.

  • PwDs/ SAPs should carry their original Disability Certificate to the Test Centre on the day of the CLAT 2024.

  • PwDs/ SAPs shall make arrangements for their own scribe and bear the associated costs.

PwDs/ SAPs who would like to avail of the facility of a scribe are required to email the duly filled proformas given below:

CLAT 2024 exam day guidelines

CLAT Exam Day Guidelines 2024 - Code of Conduct

Candidates should check the guidelines and code of conduct given below before appearing for CLAT exam 2024:

  • Candidates must carry their CLAT 2024 admit card along with a valid id proof to the CLAT examination centre.

  • Candidates should reach at least one hour before the exam to the examination centre.

  • Candidates will not be allowed inside the examination hall after 15 minutes of the commencement of the examination.

  • Candidates need to sign their CLAT admit cards in front of their invigilator.

  • They should not carry restricted belongings such as electronic gadgets and others.

  • Candidates will be allowed to leave the examination hall only after completion of the exam time.

CLAT Exam Day Guidelines 2024

Candidates appearing for CLAT 2024 should follow the general exam day instructions mentioned in their admit card as well as the instructions issued by the Consortium in their official portal. The general exam day guidelines of CLAT 2024 is given below:

  • Carry only necessary items and documents in the examination hall. Avoid carrying any prohibited item that can restrict entry in the examination hall.

  • Candidates should paste their recent passport-size photograph on their CLAT 2024 admit card.

  • Candidates should carry a valid id proof in the examination hall along with admit card.

  • Candidates are advised to wear half sleeve clothes, without any big buttons that can be used to hide any study material as part of CLAT exam dress code.

  • Candidates should not be involved in any kind of activity which is completely barred by the Consortium of NLUs.

  • Candidates need to follow any other special instructions issued at the time of CLAT 2024 examination.

Dos for CLAT 2024

Know about the CLAT 2024 exam pattern and syllabus

  • Before preparing for the CLAT entrance exam 2024, candidates should strictly follow the CLAT exam pattern and syllabus.

  • Prepare thoroughly by understanding the topics covered in the CLAT syllabus and the test formats.

  • Candidates should also be aware of the weighting and number of questions asked from the CLAT syllabus.

  • Spend your preparation time wisely and prioritize higher-weighted topics over lower-weighted topics.

Prepare a study plan for CLAT 2024 and follow It

  • Before beginning CLAT 2024 preparation, making a proper study plan is always good.

  • It is important to develop study habits. Knowing what you're going to study and when you're going to study saves a lot of time in making decisions and retracing your steps to get necessary materials.

  • Treat your study time the same way you would treat a class. Try not to miss it unless you're sick or something else arises. It should become a permanent part of your daily routine.

Practice CLAT previous year's question papers

  • Solving previous year's CLAT papers is an excellent way to check your exam readiness. It will give you an idea of the CLAT 2024 paper pattern, but it also gives you an experience of what it's like to take the exam in real-time.

  • Previous year question papers can be used as a valuable self-assessment tool to track your exam preparation progress. You can solve these papers and compare your current performance to previous attempts to see where you excel and where you fall short.

Attempt CLAT 2024 mock tests

  • Mock Tests with multiple attempts allow students to review the entire syllabus in a simulated exam setting.

  • You won't know how good or bad your preparation is unless you take the mocks. You can use the CLAT mock exams to develop strategies, plan your study schedule, and ensure that your practice is up to the final exam.

  • Most competitive exams have a reasonably consistent question pattern; becoming acquainted with it can help boost your confidence and prepare you for the CLAT 2024.

Dos for CLAT 2024 on day of examination

  • Candidates must carry the CLAT 2024 admit card to the exam hall.

  • One day before the exam, candidates should be ready with all the necessary documents required to be carried to the CLAT 2024 exam centre.

  • Candidates should arrive at the CLAT 2024 exam center at least one hour before the exams start.

  • Candidates should read the CLAT exam day guidelines and follow them throughout the exam.

  • Candidates should not carry any kind of restricted belongings such as electronic gadgets.

  • Candidates should not get involved in any kind of activity which is barred by the CNLUs.

Don’ts for CLAT 2024

Candidates can check what not to do to improve the efficiency of their CLAT 2024 preparation with the help of the don’ts list below.

Don’t be confused

  • The decision of which books to study for CLAT 2024 and which institution to attend for preparation of CLAT 2024 can leave a candidate puzzled.

  • To get good grades on the entrance exam, take careful notes on the essential topics from the recommended books and review them before the exam.

  • Instead of bundling books, candidates should use the CLAT 2024 recommended books and study materials to keep CLAT 2024 preparation simple and effective to avoid confusion.

Don’t spend too much time learning new topics

  • Rather than focusing on new topics, a candidate should concentrate on revision.

  • Learning a new topic can lead to last-minute confusion, affecting your CLAT exam score.

  • As CLAT 2024 approaches, practice more and more CLAT previous years sample papers and mock tests.

CLAT 2024 Dress Code

The Consortium does not issue any specific dress code for CLAT 2024. However, candidates are advised to follow some general guidelines to dress up for the exam. These are given below.

  • Candidates must wear half-sleeve shorts with no big buttons that can hide concealed material.
  • Students should wear light-coloured clothes.
  • Candidates should wear sandals or slippers at the exam centre.
  • CLAT aspirants are advised to not carry any valuable material with them as there is no safekeeping facility.
  • Students should also refrain from wearing any chains, lockets, nose pins, rings etc.

CLAT Exam Day General Instructions

Some general instructions that candidates should follow on the exam day have been given below:

  1. Take Sufficient rest: Candidates should take at least 7-8 hours of rest to maintain their composure before the entrance test.

  2. Carry all important documents in a folder: Candidates should carry all the important documents like CLAT 2024 admit card, a government issued photo id proof and double-check the same to avoid any kind of discrepancies at the exam centre in folder.

  3. Get detailed information on the CLAT exam centre: Candidates should have prior information on the assigned CLAT exam centre to avoid trouble at the last moment.

  4. Report on time: Candidates should reach the examination centre at least one hour before the scheduled time.

Also, check -

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

1. is calculator allowed in clat exam?

No, a calculator is not allowed in the examination hall.

2. What id proofs are required on the CLAT 2023 exam day?

Candidates should carry one photo Id proof for verification like Aadhar card, driving licence, PAN card etc.

3. Will candidates have to submit the CLAT 2024 admit card in the examination centre?

No, candidates don’t need to submit their CLAT 2024 admit card in the examination hall. The admit card will only be checked by the authorities and returned back to the candidate.

4. When will CLAT 2024 be conducted?

CLAT 2024 will be conducted on December 3, 2023.

5. How many hours per day for CLAT?

A candidate must atleast devote one year to study for CLAT with a preparation of 4-6 hours per day.

6. What should I do on the day of CLAT exam?

Make sure to follow all the exam instructions and be ready with all the documents. Lastly keep a calm mind to perform well in the exam.

7. Are water bottles allowed in CLAT?

Yes, candidates can carry a transparent water bottle with them.

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Questions related to CLAT

Have a question related to CLAT ?

Hello from Careers360,

Thank you for your interest in our CLAT preparation resources. We appreciate your query about accessing free recorded CLAT classes.

To watch a free CLAT recorded class from Careers360, you can follow these steps:

  1. Visit the Careers360 website
  2. Navigate to the CLAT preparation section
  3. Look for any available free resources or demo classes

However, I want to be upfront and say that I'm not entirely certain about the current availability of free recorded CLAT classes on our platform. Our offerings may have changed recently.

For the most up-to-date information, I'd recommend:

  1. Checking our website thoroughly
  2. Reaching out to our customer support team directly

They'll be able to provide you with the most current details about our CLAT preparation resources, including any free classes or materials we're currently offering.

Is there anything specific about CLAT preparation you're looking for help with? We'd be glad to assist you further.

Hello,

One such way to watch free CLAT coaching recorded sessions is by finding sites that provide free law entrance preparation resources. YouTube, for example has many channels offering free CLAT coaching; some of these sites even offer recorded lectures in legal reasoning, current affairs, and logical reasoning, among others. Some of the free sessions can be accessed quickly through such channels as LegalEdge or LawPrep Tutorial.

You can also look out for free online portals like Unacademy, where it offers free recorded sessions on a regular basis, especially when it is in their promotional period. Also, many websites offering law school prep have a free trial or even demo session which includes recorded material.

And finally, scroll across the entrance forums or groups from social media sites like Telegram or Facebook, in which members can share the links of free recorded classes and study materials. Keep an eye on special events: some coaching institutes offer free access to recordings when they conduct webinars or workshops.

Hello,

Yes, the recorded video for CLAT preparation can be sent through the medium of WhatsApp, if only the video file size does not exceed the 2GB limit on WhatsApp. In case the video file size exceeds more than 2 GB, there are options for compressing the video and, at the same time, sharing the link through Google Drive or Dropbox after uploading it there and sending the link through WhatsApp.

Many coaching institutes and online study material platforms also record lectures so the same can be shared with students through WhatsApp. WhatsApp also provides students the facility of having all these materials anytime of the day. Where compressing video quality reduces, it may need to be left at cloud storage links. Sharing educational contents through a WhatsApp group ensures getting the answers or information they need to study and do their homework. Students can discuss topics about education with peers in these groups.

Hello,

Indeed you can attach the acknowledgement form of your application for OBC certificate along with your CLAT application provided that the official regulations permit this. Most entrance exams and institutes also accept proof of certificate during the initial process, like an acknowledgment receipt, considering that the final, original certificate would be produced at the time of document verification.

However, one should go through the CLAT instructions or contact CLAT authorities for verification in case rules are different. In case this is possible, you must obtain an original OBC certificate much prior to the verification process that may arise in the course of the admission procedure. Keep all the documents and proofs related to your OBC certificate with you while moving ahead for any future actions.

Hello aspirant,

In more than 15 streams, Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University/IP University (or IPU) offers undergraduate, graduate, and doctorate degrees. The official entrance and scholarship exam, known as the IPU CET, is the basis for course admission at Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University. Additionally, IPU is currently accepting CUET exam results for admission to both UG and PG programs.

To know complete admission process, please visit the following link:

https://www.careers360.com/university/guru-gobind-singh-indraprastha-university-delhi#:~:text=D.,the%20university's%20own%20IPU%20CET.

Thank you

Hope it helps you

Passage 1
Read the passage below and answer the following question.
Cheating is considered a criminal offence under the Indian Penal Code. It is done to gain profit or advantage from another person by using some deceitful means. The person who deceives another knows for the fact that it would place the other person in an unfair situation. Cheating as an offence can be made punishable under Section 420 of the IPC. Scope of Section 415 Cheating is defined under Section 415 of the Indian Penal Code as whoever fraudulently or dishonestly deceives a person to induce that person to deliver a property to any person or to consent to retain any property. If a person intentionally induces a person to do or omit to do any act which he would not have done if he was not deceived to do so and the act has caused harm to that person in body, mind, reputation, or property, then the person who fraudulently, dishonestly or intentionally induced the other person is said to cheat. Any dishonest concealment of facts that can deceive a person to do an act that he would not have done otherwise is also cheating within the meaning of this section. Essential Ingredients of Cheating requires · deception of any person. Fraudulently or dishonestly inducing that person to deliver any property to any person or to consent that any person shall retain any property; or · intentionally inducing a person to do or omit to do anything which he would not do or omit if he were not so deceived, and the act or omission causes or is likely to cause damage or harm to that person in body, mind, reputation or property.
Deceit– a tort arising from an untrue or false statement of facts which are made by a person, recklessly or knowingly, with an intention that it shall be acted upon by the other person, who would suffer damages as a result. 
Fraud – a false or untrue representation of the fact, that is made with the knowledge of its falsity or without the belief in its truth or a reckless statement that may or may not be true, with an intention to induce a person or individual to act independent of it with the result that the person acts on it and suffers damages and harm. In other words, it is a wrong act or criminal deception with an intention to result in financial or personal gain.
Question - 1 
D went to a moneylender, Z, for the loan. D intentionally pledges the gold article with Z taking the loan. D knows that the article is not made of gold. After a few days, D leaves the village. Decide.

 

Option: 1 None

Option: 2 None

Option: 3 None

Option: 4 None

Read the passage carefully and answer the question

The Contract should be performed by the promisor himself. However, in certain cases, it can also be performed by his agents or legal representatives. It all depends upon the intention of the parties. Normally a contract can be performed by the following persons. 

  1. Promisor himself: If from the nature of the contract it appears that it was the intention of the parties that the promise should be performed by the promisor himself, such promise must be performed by the promisor. This usually applies to contracts involving personal skill, task, or artwork. 
  2. Promisor or his Agent: Where the contract does not involve the personal skill of the promisor, the contract could be performed by the promisor himself or by any competent person employed by him for the purpose, 
  3. Legal Representatives: The contracts which do not involve any personal skill or taste, may be performed by his legal representative after the death of the promisor.
  4. Third Person: In some cases, a contract may be performed by a third person provided the promisee accepts the arrangement. According to Section 41 of the Indian Contract Act, once the promisee accepts the performance from a third person, he cannot compel the promisor to perform the contract again. 
  5. Performance of Joint Promises: According to section 42 of the Indian Contract Act, when two or more persons have made a joint promise, the joint promisors must fulfill the promise jointly during their lifetime. And if any one of them dies, then his legal representatives and survivors must jointly fulfill the promise. 

Section 43 of the Indian Contract Act further provides that unless a contrary intention appears from the contract, each joint promisor may compel every other joint promisor to contribute equally to the performance of the promise. If any joint promisor makes a default in such contribution, the remaining joint promisors must bear the loss arising from such default in equal shares.

Question:

Aman received a box of chocolates from Basant and promised to pay Rupees 5000. Later on, A becomes bankrupt. Chetan who is a friend of Aman pays rupees 1000 to Besant on behalf of Aman. Aman is not aware of such a transaction. In civil court, insolvency proceedings have started against Aman. Meanwhile, Basant has also applied for a recovery of 5000 rupees. Decide.

Option: 1

Basant is entitled to recover the amount of 5000 from Aman.


Option: 2

Basant is entitled to recover the amount of 4000 from Aman.


Option: 3

Chetan is entitled to recover the amount of 1000 from Basant.


Option: 4

Basant cannot recover any amount from Aman as he has become insolvent.


Read the passage carefully and answer the question

The Contract should be performed by the promisor himself. However, in certain cases, it can also be performed by his agents or legal representatives. It all depends upon the intention of the parties. Normally a contract can be performed by the following persons. 

  1. Promisor himself: If from the nature of the contract it appears that it was the intention of the parties that the promise should be performed by the promisor himself, such promise must be performed by the promisor. This usually applies to contracts involving personal skill, task, or artwork. 
  2. Promisor or his Agent: Where the contract does not involve the personal skill of the promisor, the contract could be performed by the promisor himself or by any competent person employed by him for the purpose, 
  3. Legal Representatives: The contracts which do not involve any personal skill or taste, may be performed by his legal representative after the death of the promisor.
  4. Third Person: In some cases, a contract may be performed by a third person provided the promisee accepts the arrangement. According to Section 41 of the Indian Contract Act, once the promisee accepts the performance from a third person, he cannot compel the promisor to perform the contract again. 
  5. Performance of Joint Promises: According to section 42 of the Indian Contract Act, when two or more persons have made a joint promise, the joint promisors must fulfill the promise jointly during their lifetime. And if any one of them dies, then his legal representatives and survivors must jointly fulfill the promise. 

Section 43 of the Indian Contract Act further provides that unless a contrary intention appears from the contract, each joint promisor may compel every other joint promisor to contribute equally to the performance of the promise. If any joint promisor makes a default in such contribution, the remaining joint promisors must bear the loss arising from such default in equal shares.

Question:

K promises to paint a picture for L on a certain day, at a certain price. K dies before the day of the contract. Decide. 

Option: 1

The contract can be enforced by K’s representative 


Option: 2

The contract can be enforced by L


Option: 3

The contract can be enforced either by K’s representation or by L 


Option: 4

The contract cannot be enforced either by K’s representative, or L


Read the passage carefully and answer the question

The Contract should be performed by the promisor himself. However, in certain cases, it can also be performed by his agents or legal representatives. It all depends upon the intention of the parties. Normally a contract can be performed by the following persons. 

  1. Promisor himself: If from the nature of the contract it appears that it was the intention of the parties that the promise should be performed by the promisor himself, such promise must be performed by the promisor. This usually applies to contracts involving personal skill, task, or artwork. 
  2. Promisor or his Agent: Where the contract does not involve the personal skill of the promisor, the contract could be performed by the promisor himself or by any competent person employed by him for the purpose, 
  3. Legal Representatives: The contracts which do not involve any personal skill or taste, may be performed by his legal representative after the death of the promisor.
  4. Third Person: In some cases, a contract may be performed by a third person provided the promisee accepts the arrangement. According to Section 41 of the Indian Contract Act, once the promisee accepts the performance from a third person, he cannot compel the promisor to perform the contract again. 
  5. Performance of Joint Promises: According to section 42 of the Indian Contract Act, when two or more persons have made a joint promise, the joint promisors must fulfill the promise jointly during their lifetime. And if any one of them dies, then his legal representatives and survivors must jointly fulfill the promise. 

Section 43 of the Indian Contract Act further provides that unless a contrary intention appears from the contract, each joint promisor may compel every other joint promisor to contribute equally to the performance of the promise. If any joint promisor makes a default in such contribution, the remaining joint promisors must bear the loss arising from such default in equal shares.

Question:

Rohan has agreed to manage the catering services during the marriage of Sohan’s son Ramu. On the day of marriage, Rohan felt ill and sent his manager to the management of catering services. Ramu happily gets married to Tina and people appreciated the food and decoration of the event. When Rohan asked Sohan for the remaining amount, he denied it because Rohan himself had not managed so it is a breach. Decide.

 

Option: 1

Rohan is not entitled to get the remaining amount due to a breach of contract.


Option: 2

Rohan is entitled to sue Sohan for the remaining amount.


Option: 3

Rohan is entitled to sue Ramu because it was his marriage.


Option: 4

Instead of Rohan, his manager can only sue Sohan for the breach.


Read the passage and answer the question that follow.

Natural justice is another name for common sense justice rules of natural justice are not in codified form these principles are embedded or ingrained or inbuilt in the conscience of human beings. It supplies the omission made in codified law and helps in the administration of justice. Natural justice is not only confined to ‘fairness’ it will take many shades and colours based on the context. Thus natural justice apart from ‘fairness’ also implies reasonableness, equity and equality. They are neither cast in a rigid mould nor can they be put in a legal straitjacket. These principles written by nature in the heart of mankind, they are immutable, inviolable, and inalienable.

It is true that the concept of natural justice is not very clear and, therefore, it is not possible to define it; yet the principles of natural justice are accepted and enforced. In the case of Ridge V. Baldwin Court observed that “in modern times have sometimes been expressed to the effect that natural justice is as vague as to be practically meaningless. But I would regard these as tainted by the perennial fallacy that because something cannot be cut and dried or nicely weighed or measured therefore it does not exist”. The term natural justice signifies fundamental rules of judicial procedure and fair play in action. According to Lord Widgery “the principles of natural justice were those fundamental rules; the breach will prevent justice from being seen to be done”. Earliest expression of ‘natural justice’ could be found in the philosophical expression of Roman Jurist (jus natural) and signified rules and principles for the conduct of man which were independent of enacted law or customs and could be discovered by the rational intelligence of man and would grow out of and conform to his nature.

The rule against bias that surfaced in 1610 in Dr Bonham's Casewhere Chief Justice Coke went so far as to say that the Court could declare an Act of Parliament void if it made a man as judge in his own cause, or otherwise ‘against common right and reason’. This was one of his grounds for disallowing the claim of the College of Physicians to fine and imprison Doctor Bonham, a Doctor of Physics of Cambridge University, for practising in the city of London without the licence of College of Physicians. The statute under which the College acted provided that fines should go half to the King half to the College so that the College had a financial interest in its own judgement and was judged in its own cause.

Question:

X is a student of a college and his father Y is a professor in the same college. In one instance, X is caught to be involved in unparliamentary activities inside the college campus. The enquiry committee is set up and Y is appointed as the head of the committee. Decide.

Option: 1

Y is a professor of the same college hence he can become a member of the enquiry committee


Option: 2

Y is X’s father hence he should not be a part of the enquiry committee


Option: 3

Y can be a part of the enquiry committee but cannot be its head


Option: 4

There is no rule that prevents the appointment of Y until he fulfils his function diligently


Read the passage and answer the question that follow.

Natural justice is another name for common sense justice rules of natural justice are not in codified form these principles are embedded or ingrained or inbuilt in the conscience of human beings. It supplies the omission made in codified law and helps in the administration of justice. Natural justice is not only confined to ‘fairness’ it will take many shades and colours based on the context. Thus natural justice apart from ‘fairness’ also implies reasonableness, equity and equality. They are neither cast in a rigid mould nor can they be put in a legal straitjacket. These principles written by nature in the heart of mankind, they are immutable, inviolable, and inalienable.

It is true that the concept of natural justice is not very clear and, therefore, it is not possible to define it; yet the principles of natural justice are accepted and enforced. In the case of Ridge V. Baldwin Court observed that “in modern times have sometimes been expressed to the effect that natural justice is as vague as to be practically meaningless. But I would regard these as tainted by the perennial fallacy that because something cannot be cut and dried or nicely weighed or measured therefore it does not exist”. The term natural justice signifies fundamental rules of judicial procedure and fair play in action. According to Lord Widgery “the principles of natural justice were those fundamental rules; the breach will prevent justice from being seen to be done”. Earliest expression of ‘natural justice’ could be found in the philosophical expression of Roman Jurist (jus natural) and signified rules and principles for the conduct of man which were independent of enacted law or customs and could be discovered by the rational intelligence of man and would grow out of and conform to his nature.

The rule against bias that surfaced in 1610 in Dr Bonham's Casewhere Chief Justice Coke went so far as to say that the Court could declare an Act of Parliament void if it made a man as judge in his own cause, or otherwise ‘against common right and reason’. This was one of his grounds for disallowing the claim of the College of Physicians to fine and imprison Doctor Bonham, a Doctor of Physics of Cambridge University, for practising in the city of London without the licence of College of Physicians. The statute under which the College acted provided that fines should go half to the King half to the College so that the College had a financial interest in its own judgement and was judged in its own cause.

Question:

Mr X is an employee of a corporate office. His wife Y is a judge. In one instance, X is found to be involved in a money laundering case at his office. The office now files a suit and Y is appointed as the judge for this case. Decide.

Option: 1

Y is a judge by herself, hence can be appointed to adjudicate this case


Option: 2

Y is can be appointed as a judge only if she fulfils her responsibilities without any bias


Option: 3

Y can adjudicate the case and if the company finds the penalty to be insufficient then they can appeal against it


Option: 4

Y cannot be the judge in this case ab initio


Read the passage and answer the question that follow.

Natural justice is another name for common sense justice rules of natural justice are not in codified form these principles are embedded or ingrained or inbuilt in the conscience of human beings. It supplies the omission made in codified law and helps in the administration of justice. Natural justice is not only confined to ‘fairness’ it will take many shades and colours based on the context. Thus natural justice apart from ‘fairness’ also implies reasonableness, equity and equality. They are neither cast in a rigid mould nor can they be put in a legal straitjacket. These principles written by nature in the heart of mankind, they are immutable, inviolable, and inalienable.

It is true that the concept of natural justice is not very clear and, therefore, it is not possible to define it; yet the principles of natural justice are accepted and enforced. In the case of Ridge V. Baldwin Court observed that “in modern times have sometimes been expressed to the effect that natural justice is as vague as to be practically meaningless. But I would regard these as tainted by the perennial fallacy that because something cannot be cut and dried or nicely weighed or measured therefore it does not exist”. The term natural justice signifies fundamental rules of judicial procedure and fair play in action. According to Lord Widgery “the principles of natural justice were those fundamental rules; the breach will prevent justice from being seen to be done”. Earliest expression of ‘natural justice’ could be found in the philosophical expression of Roman Jurist (jus natural) and signified rules and principles for the conduct of man which were independent of enacted law or customs and could be discovered by the rational intelligence of man and would grow out of and conform to his nature.

The rule against bias that surfaced in 1610 in Dr Bonham's Casewhere Chief Justice Coke went so far as to say that the Court could declare an Act of Parliament void if it made a man as judge in his own cause, or otherwise ‘against common right and reason’. This was one of his grounds for disallowing the claim of the College of Physicians to fine and imprison Doctor Bonham, a Doctor of Physics of Cambridge University, for practising in the city of London without the licence of College of Physicians. The statute under which the College acted provided that fines should go half to the King half to the College so that the College had a financial interest in its own judgement and was judged in its own cause.

Question:

X was a renowned cricketer in the 1980s. His son Y is a struggling cricketer who has been trying to get into the national team for many years. In the year 2020, X is appointed as a member of the selection committee. In the match which is supposed to decide the final team of the nation, Y scores a century and Z scores 65 runs. However, Z is selected to represent India and Y is not. Y now appeals against the decision, the main ground being the presence of X in the committee. Decide.

Option: 1

The appeal will stand as Y scored a century yet Z was selected after scoring 65 runs


Option: 2

The appeal will be quashed since X’s presence should have benefitted Y, but it didn’t, hence the rejection of Y is valid


Option: 3

The appeal will stand as X’s presence is a factor of bias


Option: 4

The appeal will be quashed since X was a renowned cricketer


Read the passage and answer the question that follow.

Natural justice is another name for common sense justice rules of natural justice are not in codified form these principles are embedded or ingrained or inbuilt in the conscience of human beings. It supplies the omission made in codified law and helps in the administration of justice. Natural justice is not only confined to ‘fairness’ it will take many shades and colours based on the context. Thus natural justice apart from ‘fairness’ also implies reasonableness, equity and equality. They are neither cast in a rigid mould nor can they be put in a legal straitjacket. These principles written by nature in the heart of mankind, they are immutable, inviolable, and inalienable.

It is true that the concept of natural justice is not very clear and, therefore, it is not possible to define it; yet the principles of natural justice are accepted and enforced. In the case of Ridge V. Baldwin Court observed that “in modern times have sometimes been expressed to the effect that natural justice is as vague as to be practically meaningless. But I would regard these as tainted by the perennial fallacy that because something cannot be cut and dried or nicely weighed or measured therefore it does not exist”. The term natural justice signifies fundamental rules of judicial procedure and fair play in action. According to Lord Widgery “the principles of natural justice were those fundamental rules; the breach will prevent justice from being seen to be done”. Earliest expression of ‘natural justice’ could be found in the philosophical expression of Roman Jurist (jus natural) and signified rules and principles for the conduct of man which were independent of enacted law or customs and could be discovered by the rational intelligence of man and would grow out of and conform to his nature.

The rule against bias that surfaced in 1610 in Dr Bonham's Casewhere Chief Justice Coke went so far as to say that the Court could declare an Act of Parliament void if it made a man as judge in his own cause, or otherwise ‘against common right and reason’. This was one of his grounds for disallowing the claim of the College of Physicians to fine and imprison Doctor Bonham, a Doctor of Physics of Cambridge University, for practising in the city of London without the licence of College of Physicians. The statute under which the College acted provided that fines should go half to the King half to the College so that the College had a financial interest in its own judgement and was judged in its own cause.

Question:

X is a married judge who is well known for his honesty in the entire city. He has a son Y. One fine day Y gets kidnapped and the kidnapper demands a sum of 20 lakhs from X. However, the kidnapper is caught by the police. X is now appointed as the judge for the hearing of the kidnapper. Decide.

Option: 1

X can be the judge since he can decide the punishment better as he was the sufferer


Option: 2

X cannot be the judge since there is a possibility that he will be biased while delivering the judgement


Option: 3

X can be the judge since he is renowned for his honesty and fulfil his duties


Option: 4

X can be the judge but his statement can be appealed against if delivered with bias


Read the passage and answer the question that follow.

Natural justice is another name for common sense justice rules of natural justice are not in codified form these principles are embedded or ingrained or inbuilt in the conscience of human beings. It supplies the omission made in codified law and helps in the administration of justice. Natural justice is not only confined to ‘fairness’ it will take many shades and colours based on the context. Thus natural justice apart from ‘fairness’ also implies reasonableness, equity and equality. They are neither cast in a rigid mould nor can they be put in a legal straitjacket. These principles written by nature in the heart of mankind, they are immutable, inviolable, and inalienable.

It is true that the concept of natural justice is not very clear and, therefore, it is not possible to define it; yet the principles of natural justice are accepted and enforced. In the case of Ridge V. Baldwin Court observed that “in modern times have sometimes been expressed to the effect that natural justice is as vague as to be practically meaningless. But I would regard these as tainted by the perennial fallacy that because something cannot be cut and dried or nicely weighed or measured therefore it does not exist”. The term natural justice signifies fundamental rules of judicial procedure and fair play in action. According to Lord Widgery “the principles of natural justice were those fundamental rules; the breach will prevent justice from being seen to be done”. Earliest expression of ‘natural justice’ could be found in the philosophical expression of Roman Jurist (jus natural) and signified rules and principles for the conduct of man which were independent of enacted law or customs and could be discovered by the rational intelligence of man and would grow out of and conform to his nature.

The rule against bias that surfaced in 1610 in Dr Bonham's Casewhere Chief Justice Coke went so far as to say that the Court could declare an Act of Parliament void if it made a man as judge in his own cause, or otherwise ‘against common right and reason’. This was one of his grounds for disallowing the claim of the College of Physicians to fine and imprison Doctor Bonham, a Doctor of Physics of Cambridge University, for practising in the city of London without the licence of College of Physicians. The statute under which the College acted provided that fines should go half to the King half to the College so that the College had a financial interest in its own judgement and was judged in its own cause.

Question:

X and Y have been married for five years. X is a judge and Y is a doctor. X is pretty much unhappy with his married life so he wants to divorce Y. Y refuses to agree to a divorce by mutual consent hence X files a suit against Y. Decide.

Option: 1

X cannot file a suit since he is a judge


Option: 2

X can file a suit against Y in legal capacity but not as a judge


Option: 3

X cannot file a divorce suit against Y since there is no valid ground for divorce


Option: 4

X can proceed with mutual consent but not contested divorce


Read the passage and answer the question that follow.

In the case of M/S Halonex Limited, 59-A Noida vs State of U.P., it was held that “In reply to the aforesaid submission, learned counsel for opposite party no.2 submitted that the case of the applicants that no amount is due from their side to the complainant is a matter of defence which cannot be considered at this stage. It has been submitted that the term 'entrustment' as used in Section 405 IPC has been given a wider interpretation. It has been submitted that the goods returned by the complainant to the Company for replacement or for reimbursement would be deemed to have been entrusted to the Company and as the applicants 2 & 3 were handling its affair they become responsible. To buttress the said submission, the learned counsel for the complainant drew the attention of the Court to a decision of the Apex Court in the case of Ram Narayan Popli Vs. Central Bureau of Investigation: (2003) 3 SCC 641, wherein it was observed that: "the term "entrustment" is not necessarily a term of law. It may have different implications in different contexts. In its most general signification all it imports is the handing over possession for some purpose which may not imply the conferring of any proprietary right at all." Attention was also drawn to an observation made in the judgment of the aforesaid case, where it was observed that: "to establish the charge of criminal breach of trust, the prosecution is not obliged to prove the precise mode of conversion, misappropriation or misapplication by the accused of the property entrusted to him or over which he has dominion. The principal ingredient of the offence being dishonest misappropriation or conversion which may not ordinarily be a matter of direct proof, entrustment of property and failure in breach of an obligation to account for the property entrusted if proved, may, in the light of other circumstances, justifiably lead to an inference of dishonest misappropriation or conversion”.

Question:

X tracks down an expensive necklace on the road. Not knowing to whom it belongs. X sells it promptly to a jeweller without attempting to find the owner or submitting the necklace to the authorities. Decide the liability of X.

Option: 1

Extortion


Option: 2

Criminal breach of trust


Option: 3

Theft


Option: 4

Criminal misappropriation of Property


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