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Common Mistakes to Avoid while taking the CLAT Mock Test 2026

Common Mistakes to Avoid while taking the CLAT Mock Test 2026

Edited By Ritika Jonwal | Updated on Aug 07, 2025 12:37 PM IST | #CLAT
Ongoing Event
CLAT  Application Date : 01 Aug' 2025 - 31 Oct' 2025

Are you gearing up for the CLAT exam but not getting the expected scores in your CLAT 2026 Mock Test? Many aspirants unknowingly repeat common mistakes that lower their performance and rankings. Avoiding these pitfalls is the key to improving speed, accuracy and overall test strategy. In this article, we’ll highlight the common mistakes to avoid in the CLAT mock tests and share tips to maximise your score and boost your confidence for the CLAT 2026 Exam.

Common Mistakes to Avoid while taking the CLAT Mock Test 2026
Common Mistakes to Avoid while taking the CLAT Mock Test 2026

Top Mistakes to Avoid in CLAT Mock Tests for Better Scores

Many students lose marks in CLAT mock tests not because of a lack of knowledge but due to avoidable errors during CLAT preparation. Understanding these mistakes can help boost your score:

  • Ignoring Instructions and Negative Marking: Students sometimes rush into answering questions without carefully reading the instructions, resulting in wrong answers and bad marks.

  • Overattempting or Underattempting: Attempting too many questions without precision decreases points, while being too careful results in easy marks on the table.

  • Skipping Time Tracking: Without monitoring time each segment, students spend too much time on Reading Comprehension or Logical Reasoning, leaving less time for General Knowledge and Legal Reasoning in the CLAT exam.

  • Not Reviewing the Mock exam: Many students take the exam and then proceed without verifying their answers, resulting in the same blunders.

  • Ignoring Weak Areas: Avoiding difficult areas in mock tests gives students a false sense of confidence, which negatively impacts their overall performance.

How to Analyse CLAT Mock Tests Effectively

Simply attempting the CLAT 2026 Mock Test is not enough - analysis is where improvement happens. Here’s how to do it:

  1. Step 1: Compare Accuracy vs Attempts - Note the number of questions attempted, correct, and wrong in each section. Students can also check full CLAT syllabus.

  2. Step 2: Identify Weak Sections - If Legal Reasoning or GK have a low accuracy rate, prioritise those areas for review.

  3. Step 3: Reviewing Incorrect Answers - Understand why each question was incorrect: was it due to a conceptual gap, a misinterpretation, or time constraints?

  4. Step 4: Categorise Mistakes - To address errors methodically, divide them into conceptual, thoughtless, and time-related categories.

  5. Step 5: Improve Strategy - Based on your observations, modify the sequence in which you attempt portions, speed, and priority areas for the following mock.

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Time Management Tips During CLAT Mock Test Practice

CLAT 2026 is a speed + accuracy exam, so CLAT 2026 Time Management can make or break your score. Follow these tips:

  • Set Sectional Time Targets: Allow about 30-35 minutes for English, 25-30 minutes for Logical Reasoning, 25 minutes for CLAT Legal Reasoning, 10-12 minutes for General Knowledge, and 15-18 minutes for Quant.

  • Use the 60-Second Rule: If a question takes more than one minute without progress, note it and move on.

  • Attempt Simple Questions first: First, examine passages quickly and choose the most basic ones to boost confidence and save time.

  • Allow 5-7 minutes for review: Use the final few minutes to double-check any marked questions or stupid blunders.

  • Practice with a Timer: Use a timer to imitate real test conditions regularly. This will naturally enhance speed and accuracy.

CLAT Sample Paper 2026 with Answer Key- Careers360
Download the CLAT Sample Paper 2026 PDF featuring the latest exam pattern with descriptive-type questions for effective preparation.
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Best Strategies to Attempt CLAT Mock Tests Like the Actual Exam

CLAT 2026 Mock Tests are most effective when attempted like the real CLAT exam:

  1. Replicate Exam Environment: Take mock exams at the same time as the actual test (typically in the morning) without interruption.

  2. Follow the Section-Wise Attempt Order: Many toppers begin with GK or English to boost confidence, then go on to Legal and Logical Reasoning, and finally Quant.

  3. Focus on Accuracy First: Don't speed through all 120 questions. A 90-95% accuracy with 80-90 attempts might still result in a high percentile.

  4. Mark and Skip Technique: Rather than getting stuck on difficult or lengthy questions, mark them and return later.

  5. Apply Learned Shortcuts and Strategies: To shorten problem solution time, use learnt shortcuts and strategies such as reading skills, elimination procedures, and legal principle applications.

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Common CLAT Preparation Mistakes Students Make During Mock Tests
Some preparation mistakes directly reflect in poor Mock Test performance:

  • Lack of Consistent Mock Practice: Students take 1-2 CLAT mock tests and wait for progress rather than practising 2-3 mocks weekly, closer to the CLAT 2026 Exam.

  • Ignoring Current Affairs for GK: Focussing just on static GK results in low performance in this high-weightage segment. Students can also check CLAT study material.

  • Focussing on Quantity Over Quality: Attempting 50 mocks without analysis is less successful than 20 mocks with thorough examination.

  • Not Revising Legal Principles and Vocabulary: These areas require constant reinforcement to be accurate.

  • Panicking During the Test: Anxiety causes pupils to misunderstand questions or make mistakes that may be avoided with regular mock simulations.

CLAT 2026 Mock Test Improvement Plan

Here’s a step-by-step Mock Test Improvement Plan designed to help you increase your speed, accuracy and overall score:

Steps

Duration

Strategy

Step 1: Foundation - Fix Common Mistakes

Days 1-5

Once the basic concepts are understood, begin systematic mock practice, focusing on time and accuracy:


Take three full-length mocks every week that simulate real test settings (morning, two hours, no breaks).

Use a Section-wise Attempt Order (Recommended):

  • GK - 10 minutes

  • English - 30 minutes

  • Logical Reasoning - 25 minutes

  • Legal Reasoning - 25 minutes

  • Quan: 10-15 minutes

Apply the 60-Second Rule: Skip any question that takes more than one minute to complete.

Allow 5 minutes for review - revisit marked questions and look for foolish mistakes.

Step 2: Strategic Mock Test Practice

Days 6-15

Analysis, rather than simply attempting mocks, leads to improvement.

Check your score and accuracy by noting whether questions were correct, incorrect, or skipped in each area.

Identify the Mistake Type:

  • Conceptual mistake requires modification.

  • Careless errors need concentration and slow reading.

  • Time constraint requires fast practice.

  • Resolve incorrect questions without glancing at the solution to increase retention.

Update the Error Log and practise with weak question kinds.

Step 3: Deep Mock Test Analysis

Days - Every Test Day

  • To improve low accuracy, review essential concepts and take mini-quizzes with 10-15 questions.

  • Slow Section: Practice timed sets (15-20 minutes) to increase speed.

  • Daily GK and Vocabulary: 15-20 minutes to maintain consistency in the GK segment.

  • Mixed Practice Sets. Solve 30-minute combined mini-mocks, focusing on difficulty areas.

Step 4: Focused Improvement Drill

Days 16-25

In the last stage, simulate actual CLAT pressure and optimise performance:

  • Take 1 mock on each alternate day at the precise exam time.

  • Review and Adapt Strategy: If one portion takes longer, modify the sequence of the attempts or adjust the time allowance.

  • Target 85-95 attempts with 90% accuracy - This is a reasonable scoring range for elite NLUs.

  • Revise Error Log & GK Notes Daily to avoid repeating mistakes.

  • Relax and Build Confidence: To retain attention throughout mocks, do breathing techniques before beginning.

Key Outcomes of the Plan

  • Reduced foolish and repetitive blunders.

  • Improved speed and accuracy with a defined attempt strategy.

  • Increased confidence in actual CLAT exam circumstances.

  • Improved general knowledge and legal reasoning performance.

CLAT 2026 Free Mock Tests Series 2026 - Free!

The CLAT 2026 Free Mock Test PDF is available to download for free. Please download the links provided below to help students prepare for the CLAT and get high exam scores.

CLAT 2026 Free full-length Mock Tests

CLAT 2026 Free Mock Tests

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CLAT 2025 Mock Test 1 with Detailed Solutions PDF

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CLAT 2025 Mock Test 2 with Detailed Solutions PDF

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CLAT 2025 Mock Test 3 with Detailed Solutions PDF

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CLAT Mock Test with Solutions - 10 Free Mock Tests by Careers360

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Free Mock Test For CLAT 2026 PDF - Section Wise

CLAT 2025 Current Affairs including General Knowledge Mock Test PDF

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CLAT 2025 English Language Mock Test with Solutions

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CLAT 2025 Legal Reasoning Mock Test with Solutions PDF

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CLAT 2026 Free Online Mock Test by Careers360

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Questions related to CLAT

Have a question related to CLAT ?

Hello,

Here is a detailed breakdown about Madhusudan Law University, Cuttack:

1. Girls' Hostel: Yes, girls’ hostel is available inside the campus with decent facilities like 24/7 security, Wi-Fi, and mess services.

2. Hostel Fee: Approx. 12,000–15,000 per year (may vary). Security deposit and mess fees are additional.

3. Can hosteller go outside – Yes, but permission or gate pass may be required, especially for late outings. Safety protocols are followed.

4. Safety for Girls: The university is considered safe, especially as it is a reputed public institution. Hostel and campus have CCTV and female wardens.

5. Entrance Exam Difficulty: The entrance for integrated BA-LLB is moderate in difficulty. If applying via CLAT, the competition is higher.

6. Admission via CLAT – Yes, some seats are reserved for CLAT-qualified candidates. Otherwise, university may also have its own entrance or merit-based selection.

7. Admission Criteria (BA-LLB): 10+2 with minimum 45% marks (40% for SC/ST), and qualifying entrance or CLAT depending on the mode chosen.

Thank you!

Hello!

CLAT scores around 41–45 marks are typically quite low for admission into top NLUs through the general category. Most NLUs cut off above 80–90+ marks for BA LLB admissions. If you're applying under a reserved category (e.g. SC, ST, OBC), there’s some chance at lower-ranked NLUs, but general category seats at NLUs are highly competitive.

However, many private law colleges accept CLAT scores and may provide good studies and reasonable placement opportunities. These colleges often have higher cutoffs and inclusive selection. If you are keen to pursue law, consider applying to these institutions as well. And if you're motivated, you could also aim to improve your CLAT score next year many students do exactly that for better prospects.

For more information about NLU you can check this page;

https://law.careers360.com/articles/nlu-admissions

Thank you!



CLAT is a entrance exam,after clearing CLAT exam you are eligible for national law University ,But after CLAT you does not got any type of scholarship,but after clearing this exam you have many opportunities on the basis of merit you will got different type of scholarships.

Hello Vaishali

A CLAT score of 46.25 is considered low for top NLUs (National Law Universities), but you can still get a lower NLU (if reserved category) or a private college like:

1. UPES Dehradun
2. ICFAI Law School, Hyderabad
3. Alliance University, Bangalore
4. VIT School of Law
5. Amity Law School, Noida

For more information about CLAT: CLAT 2025

Hope this answer helps! Thank You!!!

Hi dear candidate,

Your rank of 4032 in CLAT exam with EWS appears to be insufficient for admission in IP University colleges as the category wise cut off for IPU colleges is lower than your rank at least for the top tier colleges like VIPS and MAIMS.

The majority of seats are reserved for students with Delhi domicile in IPU colleges and if you belong to outside Delhi then, it's slightly difficult.

However, some colleges like Trinity (TIIPS) in Dwarka accepted admissions for Law at higher rank of around 8,000 so you might also have a chance there.

Otherwise, you can find top Law colleges in Delhi NCR at our official website:

Law Colleges in Delhi NCR 2025 – Courses, Fees, Admission, Rank

BEST REGARDS

View All

Read the passage carefully and answer the question

The Contract should be performed by the promisor himself. However, in certain cases, it can also be performed by his agents or legal representatives. It all depends upon the intention of the parties. Normally a contract can be performed by the following persons. 

  1. Promisor himself: If from the nature of the contract it appears that it was the intention of the parties that the promise should be performed by the promisor himself, such promise must be performed by the promisor. This usually applies to contracts involving personal skill, task, or artwork. 
  2. Promisor or his Agent: Where the contract does not involve the personal skill of the promisor, the contract could be performed by the promisor himself or by any competent person employed by him for the purpose, 
  3. Legal Representatives: The contracts which do not involve any personal skill or taste, may be performed by his legal representative after the death of the promisor.
  4. Third Person: In some cases, a contract may be performed by a third person provided the promisee accepts the arrangement. According to Section 41 of the Indian Contract Act, once the promisee accepts the performance from a third person, he cannot compel the promisor to perform the contract again. 
  5. Performance of Joint Promises: According to section 42 of the Indian Contract Act, when two or more persons have made a joint promise, the joint promisors must fulfill the promise jointly during their lifetime. And if any one of them dies, then his legal representatives and survivors must jointly fulfill the promise. 

Section 43 of the Indian Contract Act further provides that unless a contrary intention appears from the contract, each joint promisor may compel every other joint promisor to contribute equally to the performance of the promise. If any joint promisor makes a default in such contribution, the remaining joint promisors must bear the loss arising from such default in equal shares.

Question:

Aman received a box of chocolates from Basant and promised to pay Rupees 5000. Later on, A becomes bankrupt. Chetan who is a friend of Aman pays rupees 1000 to Besant on behalf of Aman. Aman is not aware of such a transaction. In civil court, insolvency proceedings have started against Aman. Meanwhile, Basant has also applied for a recovery of 5000 rupees. Decide.

Option: 1

Basant is entitled to recover the amount of 5000 from Aman.


Option: 2

Basant is entitled to recover the amount of 4000 from Aman.


Option: 3

Chetan is entitled to recover the amount of 1000 from Basant.


Option: 4

Basant cannot recover any amount from Aman as he has become insolvent.


Read the passage carefully and answer the question

The Contract should be performed by the promisor himself. However, in certain cases, it can also be performed by his agents or legal representatives. It all depends upon the intention of the parties. Normally a contract can be performed by the following persons. 

  1. Promisor himself: If from the nature of the contract it appears that it was the intention of the parties that the promise should be performed by the promisor himself, such promise must be performed by the promisor. This usually applies to contracts involving personal skill, task, or artwork. 
  2. Promisor or his Agent: Where the contract does not involve the personal skill of the promisor, the contract could be performed by the promisor himself or by any competent person employed by him for the purpose, 
  3. Legal Representatives: The contracts which do not involve any personal skill or taste, may be performed by his legal representative after the death of the promisor.
  4. Third Person: In some cases, a contract may be performed by a third person provided the promisee accepts the arrangement. According to Section 41 of the Indian Contract Act, once the promisee accepts the performance from a third person, he cannot compel the promisor to perform the contract again. 
  5. Performance of Joint Promises: According to section 42 of the Indian Contract Act, when two or more persons have made a joint promise, the joint promisors must fulfill the promise jointly during their lifetime. And if any one of them dies, then his legal representatives and survivors must jointly fulfill the promise. 

Section 43 of the Indian Contract Act further provides that unless a contrary intention appears from the contract, each joint promisor may compel every other joint promisor to contribute equally to the performance of the promise. If any joint promisor makes a default in such contribution, the remaining joint promisors must bear the loss arising from such default in equal shares.

Question:

K promises to paint a picture for L on a certain day, at a certain price. K dies before the day of the contract. Decide. 

Option: 1

The contract can be enforced by K’s representative 


Option: 2

The contract can be enforced by L


Option: 3

The contract can be enforced either by K’s representation or by L 


Option: 4

The contract cannot be enforced either by K’s representative, or L


Read the passage carefully and answer the question

The Contract should be performed by the promisor himself. However, in certain cases, it can also be performed by his agents or legal representatives. It all depends upon the intention of the parties. Normally a contract can be performed by the following persons. 

  1. Promisor himself: If from the nature of the contract it appears that it was the intention of the parties that the promise should be performed by the promisor himself, such promise must be performed by the promisor. This usually applies to contracts involving personal skill, task, or artwork. 
  2. Promisor or his Agent: Where the contract does not involve the personal skill of the promisor, the contract could be performed by the promisor himself or by any competent person employed by him for the purpose, 
  3. Legal Representatives: The contracts which do not involve any personal skill or taste, may be performed by his legal representative after the death of the promisor.
  4. Third Person: In some cases, a contract may be performed by a third person provided the promisee accepts the arrangement. According to Section 41 of the Indian Contract Act, once the promisee accepts the performance from a third person, he cannot compel the promisor to perform the contract again. 
  5. Performance of Joint Promises: According to section 42 of the Indian Contract Act, when two or more persons have made a joint promise, the joint promisors must fulfill the promise jointly during their lifetime. And if any one of them dies, then his legal representatives and survivors must jointly fulfill the promise. 

Section 43 of the Indian Contract Act further provides that unless a contrary intention appears from the contract, each joint promisor may compel every other joint promisor to contribute equally to the performance of the promise. If any joint promisor makes a default in such contribution, the remaining joint promisors must bear the loss arising from such default in equal shares.

Question:

Rohan has agreed to manage the catering services during the marriage of Sohan’s son Ramu. On the day of marriage, Rohan felt ill and sent his manager to the management of catering services. Ramu happily gets married to Tina and people appreciated the food and decoration of the event. When Rohan asked Sohan for the remaining amount, he denied it because Rohan himself had not managed so it is a breach. Decide.

 

Option: 1

Rohan is not entitled to get the remaining amount due to a breach of contract.


Option: 2

Rohan is entitled to sue Sohan for the remaining amount.


Option: 3

Rohan is entitled to sue Ramu because it was his marriage.


Option: 4

Instead of Rohan, his manager can only sue Sohan for the breach.


Read the passage and answer the question that follow.

Natural justice is another name for common sense justice rules of natural justice are not in codified form these principles are embedded or ingrained or inbuilt in the conscience of human beings. It supplies the omission made in codified law and helps in the administration of justice. Natural justice is not only confined to ‘fairness’ it will take many shades and colours based on the context. Thus natural justice apart from ‘fairness’ also implies reasonableness, equity and equality. They are neither cast in a rigid mould nor can they be put in a legal straitjacket. These principles written by nature in the heart of mankind, they are immutable, inviolable, and inalienable.

It is true that the concept of natural justice is not very clear and, therefore, it is not possible to define it; yet the principles of natural justice are accepted and enforced. In the case of Ridge V. Baldwin Court observed that “in modern times have sometimes been expressed to the effect that natural justice is as vague as to be practically meaningless. But I would regard these as tainted by the perennial fallacy that because something cannot be cut and dried or nicely weighed or measured therefore it does not exist”. The term natural justice signifies fundamental rules of judicial procedure and fair play in action. According to Lord Widgery “the principles of natural justice were those fundamental rules; the breach will prevent justice from being seen to be done”. Earliest expression of ‘natural justice’ could be found in the philosophical expression of Roman Jurist (jus natural) and signified rules and principles for the conduct of man which were independent of enacted law or customs and could be discovered by the rational intelligence of man and would grow out of and conform to his nature.

The rule against bias that surfaced in 1610 in Dr Bonham's Casewhere Chief Justice Coke went so far as to say that the Court could declare an Act of Parliament void if it made a man as judge in his own cause, or otherwise ‘against common right and reason’. This was one of his grounds for disallowing the claim of the College of Physicians to fine and imprison Doctor Bonham, a Doctor of Physics of Cambridge University, for practising in the city of London without the licence of College of Physicians. The statute under which the College acted provided that fines should go half to the King half to the College so that the College had a financial interest in its own judgement and was judged in its own cause.

Question:

X is a student of a college and his father Y is a professor in the same college. In one instance, X is caught to be involved in unparliamentary activities inside the college campus. The enquiry committee is set up and Y is appointed as the head of the committee. Decide.

Option: 1

Y is a professor of the same college hence he can become a member of the enquiry committee


Option: 2

Y is X’s father hence he should not be a part of the enquiry committee


Option: 3

Y can be a part of the enquiry committee but cannot be its head


Option: 4

There is no rule that prevents the appointment of Y until he fulfils his function diligently


Read the passage and answer the question that follow.

Natural justice is another name for common sense justice rules of natural justice are not in codified form these principles are embedded or ingrained or inbuilt in the conscience of human beings. It supplies the omission made in codified law and helps in the administration of justice. Natural justice is not only confined to ‘fairness’ it will take many shades and colours based on the context. Thus natural justice apart from ‘fairness’ also implies reasonableness, equity and equality. They are neither cast in a rigid mould nor can they be put in a legal straitjacket. These principles written by nature in the heart of mankind, they are immutable, inviolable, and inalienable.

It is true that the concept of natural justice is not very clear and, therefore, it is not possible to define it; yet the principles of natural justice are accepted and enforced. In the case of Ridge V. Baldwin Court observed that “in modern times have sometimes been expressed to the effect that natural justice is as vague as to be practically meaningless. But I would regard these as tainted by the perennial fallacy that because something cannot be cut and dried or nicely weighed or measured therefore it does not exist”. The term natural justice signifies fundamental rules of judicial procedure and fair play in action. According to Lord Widgery “the principles of natural justice were those fundamental rules; the breach will prevent justice from being seen to be done”. Earliest expression of ‘natural justice’ could be found in the philosophical expression of Roman Jurist (jus natural) and signified rules and principles for the conduct of man which were independent of enacted law or customs and could be discovered by the rational intelligence of man and would grow out of and conform to his nature.

The rule against bias that surfaced in 1610 in Dr Bonham's Casewhere Chief Justice Coke went so far as to say that the Court could declare an Act of Parliament void if it made a man as judge in his own cause, or otherwise ‘against common right and reason’. This was one of his grounds for disallowing the claim of the College of Physicians to fine and imprison Doctor Bonham, a Doctor of Physics of Cambridge University, for practising in the city of London without the licence of College of Physicians. The statute under which the College acted provided that fines should go half to the King half to the College so that the College had a financial interest in its own judgement and was judged in its own cause.

Question:

Mr X is an employee of a corporate office. His wife Y is a judge. In one instance, X is found to be involved in a money laundering case at his office. The office now files a suit and Y is appointed as the judge for this case. Decide.

Option: 1

Y is a judge by herself, hence can be appointed to adjudicate this case


Option: 2

Y is can be appointed as a judge only if she fulfils her responsibilities without any bias


Option: 3

Y can adjudicate the case and if the company finds the penalty to be insufficient then they can appeal against it


Option: 4

Y cannot be the judge in this case ab initio


Read the passage and answer the question that follow.

Natural justice is another name for common sense justice rules of natural justice are not in codified form these principles are embedded or ingrained or inbuilt in the conscience of human beings. It supplies the omission made in codified law and helps in the administration of justice. Natural justice is not only confined to ‘fairness’ it will take many shades and colours based on the context. Thus natural justice apart from ‘fairness’ also implies reasonableness, equity and equality. They are neither cast in a rigid mould nor can they be put in a legal straitjacket. These principles written by nature in the heart of mankind, they are immutable, inviolable, and inalienable.

It is true that the concept of natural justice is not very clear and, therefore, it is not possible to define it; yet the principles of natural justice are accepted and enforced. In the case of Ridge V. Baldwin Court observed that “in modern times have sometimes been expressed to the effect that natural justice is as vague as to be practically meaningless. But I would regard these as tainted by the perennial fallacy that because something cannot be cut and dried or nicely weighed or measured therefore it does not exist”. The term natural justice signifies fundamental rules of judicial procedure and fair play in action. According to Lord Widgery “the principles of natural justice were those fundamental rules; the breach will prevent justice from being seen to be done”. Earliest expression of ‘natural justice’ could be found in the philosophical expression of Roman Jurist (jus natural) and signified rules and principles for the conduct of man which were independent of enacted law or customs and could be discovered by the rational intelligence of man and would grow out of and conform to his nature.

The rule against bias that surfaced in 1610 in Dr Bonham's Casewhere Chief Justice Coke went so far as to say that the Court could declare an Act of Parliament void if it made a man as judge in his own cause, or otherwise ‘against common right and reason’. This was one of his grounds for disallowing the claim of the College of Physicians to fine and imprison Doctor Bonham, a Doctor of Physics of Cambridge University, for practising in the city of London without the licence of College of Physicians. The statute under which the College acted provided that fines should go half to the King half to the College so that the College had a financial interest in its own judgement and was judged in its own cause.

Question:

X was a renowned cricketer in the 1980s. His son Y is a struggling cricketer who has been trying to get into the national team for many years. In the year 2020, X is appointed as a member of the selection committee. In the match which is supposed to decide the final team of the nation, Y scores a century and Z scores 65 runs. However, Z is selected to represent India and Y is not. Y now appeals against the decision, the main ground being the presence of X in the committee. Decide.

Option: 1

The appeal will stand as Y scored a century yet Z was selected after scoring 65 runs


Option: 2

The appeal will be quashed since X’s presence should have benefitted Y, but it didn’t, hence the rejection of Y is valid


Option: 3

The appeal will stand as X’s presence is a factor of bias


Option: 4

The appeal will be quashed since X was a renowned cricketer


Read the passage and answer the question that follow.

Natural justice is another name for common sense justice rules of natural justice are not in codified form these principles are embedded or ingrained or inbuilt in the conscience of human beings. It supplies the omission made in codified law and helps in the administration of justice. Natural justice is not only confined to ‘fairness’ it will take many shades and colours based on the context. Thus natural justice apart from ‘fairness’ also implies reasonableness, equity and equality. They are neither cast in a rigid mould nor can they be put in a legal straitjacket. These principles written by nature in the heart of mankind, they are immutable, inviolable, and inalienable.

It is true that the concept of natural justice is not very clear and, therefore, it is not possible to define it; yet the principles of natural justice are accepted and enforced. In the case of Ridge V. Baldwin Court observed that “in modern times have sometimes been expressed to the effect that natural justice is as vague as to be practically meaningless. But I would regard these as tainted by the perennial fallacy that because something cannot be cut and dried or nicely weighed or measured therefore it does not exist”. The term natural justice signifies fundamental rules of judicial procedure and fair play in action. According to Lord Widgery “the principles of natural justice were those fundamental rules; the breach will prevent justice from being seen to be done”. Earliest expression of ‘natural justice’ could be found in the philosophical expression of Roman Jurist (jus natural) and signified rules and principles for the conduct of man which were independent of enacted law or customs and could be discovered by the rational intelligence of man and would grow out of and conform to his nature.

The rule against bias that surfaced in 1610 in Dr Bonham's Casewhere Chief Justice Coke went so far as to say that the Court could declare an Act of Parliament void if it made a man as judge in his own cause, or otherwise ‘against common right and reason’. This was one of his grounds for disallowing the claim of the College of Physicians to fine and imprison Doctor Bonham, a Doctor of Physics of Cambridge University, for practising in the city of London without the licence of College of Physicians. The statute under which the College acted provided that fines should go half to the King half to the College so that the College had a financial interest in its own judgement and was judged in its own cause.

Question:

X is a married judge who is well known for his honesty in the entire city. He has a son Y. One fine day Y gets kidnapped and the kidnapper demands a sum of 20 lakhs from X. However, the kidnapper is caught by the police. X is now appointed as the judge for the hearing of the kidnapper. Decide.

Option: 1

X can be the judge since he can decide the punishment better as he was the sufferer


Option: 2

X cannot be the judge since there is a possibility that he will be biased while delivering the judgement


Option: 3

X can be the judge since he is renowned for his honesty and fulfil his duties


Option: 4

X can be the judge but his statement can be appealed against if delivered with bias


Read the passage and answer the question that follow.

Natural justice is another name for common sense justice rules of natural justice are not in codified form these principles are embedded or ingrained or inbuilt in the conscience of human beings. It supplies the omission made in codified law and helps in the administration of justice. Natural justice is not only confined to ‘fairness’ it will take many shades and colours based on the context. Thus natural justice apart from ‘fairness’ also implies reasonableness, equity and equality. They are neither cast in a rigid mould nor can they be put in a legal straitjacket. These principles written by nature in the heart of mankind, they are immutable, inviolable, and inalienable.

It is true that the concept of natural justice is not very clear and, therefore, it is not possible to define it; yet the principles of natural justice are accepted and enforced. In the case of Ridge V. Baldwin Court observed that “in modern times have sometimes been expressed to the effect that natural justice is as vague as to be practically meaningless. But I would regard these as tainted by the perennial fallacy that because something cannot be cut and dried or nicely weighed or measured therefore it does not exist”. The term natural justice signifies fundamental rules of judicial procedure and fair play in action. According to Lord Widgery “the principles of natural justice were those fundamental rules; the breach will prevent justice from being seen to be done”. Earliest expression of ‘natural justice’ could be found in the philosophical expression of Roman Jurist (jus natural) and signified rules and principles for the conduct of man which were independent of enacted law or customs and could be discovered by the rational intelligence of man and would grow out of and conform to his nature.

The rule against bias that surfaced in 1610 in Dr Bonham's Casewhere Chief Justice Coke went so far as to say that the Court could declare an Act of Parliament void if it made a man as judge in his own cause, or otherwise ‘against common right and reason’. This was one of his grounds for disallowing the claim of the College of Physicians to fine and imprison Doctor Bonham, a Doctor of Physics of Cambridge University, for practising in the city of London without the licence of College of Physicians. The statute under which the College acted provided that fines should go half to the King half to the College so that the College had a financial interest in its own judgement and was judged in its own cause.

Question:

X and Y have been married for five years. X is a judge and Y is a doctor. X is pretty much unhappy with his married life so he wants to divorce Y. Y refuses to agree to a divorce by mutual consent hence X files a suit against Y. Decide.

Option: 1

X cannot file a suit since he is a judge


Option: 2

X can file a suit against Y in legal capacity but not as a judge


Option: 3

X cannot file a divorce suit against Y since there is no valid ground for divorce


Option: 4

X can proceed with mutual consent but not contested divorce


Read the passage and answer the question that follow.

In the case of M/S Halonex Limited, 59-A Noida vs State of U.P., it was held that “In reply to the aforesaid submission, learned counsel for opposite party no.2 submitted that the case of the applicants that no amount is due from their side to the complainant is a matter of defence which cannot be considered at this stage. It has been submitted that the term 'entrustment' as used in Section 405 IPC has been given a wider interpretation. It has been submitted that the goods returned by the complainant to the Company for replacement or for reimbursement would be deemed to have been entrusted to the Company and as the applicants 2 & 3 were handling its affair they become responsible. To buttress the said submission, the learned counsel for the complainant drew the attention of the Court to a decision of the Apex Court in the case of Ram Narayan Popli Vs. Central Bureau of Investigation: (2003) 3 SCC 641, wherein it was observed that: "the term "entrustment" is not necessarily a term of law. It may have different implications in different contexts. In its most general signification all it imports is the handing over possession for some purpose which may not imply the conferring of any proprietary right at all." Attention was also drawn to an observation made in the judgment of the aforesaid case, where it was observed that: "to establish the charge of criminal breach of trust, the prosecution is not obliged to prove the precise mode of conversion, misappropriation or misapplication by the accused of the property entrusted to him or over which he has dominion. The principal ingredient of the offence being dishonest misappropriation or conversion which may not ordinarily be a matter of direct proof, entrustment of property and failure in breach of an obligation to account for the property entrusted if proved, may, in the light of other circumstances, justifiably lead to an inference of dishonest misappropriation or conversion”.

Question:

X tracks down an expensive necklace on the road. Not knowing to whom it belongs. X sells it promptly to a jeweller without attempting to find the owner or submitting the necklace to the authorities. Decide the liability of X.

Option: 1

Extortion


Option: 2

Criminal breach of trust


Option: 3

Theft


Option: 4

Criminal misappropriation of Property


Read the passage and answer the question that follow.

In the case of M/S Halonex Limited, 59-A Noida vs State of U.P., it was held that “In reply to the aforesaid submission, learned counsel for opposite party no.2 submitted that the case of the applicants that no amount is due from their side to the complainant is a matter of defence which cannot be considered at this stage. It has been submitted that the term 'entrustment' as used in Section 405 IPC has been given a wider interpretation. It has been submitted that the goods returned by the complainant to the Company for replacement or for reimbursement would be deemed to have been entrusted to the Company and as the applicants 2 & 3 were handling its affair they become responsible. To buttress the said submission, the learned counsel for the complainant drew the attention of the Court to a decision of the Apex Court in the case of Ram Narayan Popli Vs. Central Bureau of Investigation: (2003) 3 SCC 641, wherein it was observed that: "the term "entrustment" is not necessarily a term of law. It may have different implications in different contexts. In its most general signification all it imports is the handing over possession for some purpose which may not imply the conferring of any proprietary right at all." Attention was also drawn to an observation made in the judgment of the aforesaid case, where it was observed that: "to establish the charge of criminal breach of trust, the prosecution is not obliged to prove the precise mode of conversion, misappropriation or misapplication by the accused of the property entrusted to him or over which he has dominion. The principal ingredient of the offence being dishonest misappropriation or conversion which may not ordinarily be a matter of direct proof, entrustment of property and failure in breach of an obligation to account for the property entrusted if proved, may, in the light of other circumstances, justifiably lead to an inference of dishonest misappropriation or conversion”.

Question:

P borrows from L his phone for using it to call his parents. However, when L is distracted, P removes the memory card of the phone and later on sells it. Decide the liability of P.

Option: 1

P is guilty under dishonest misappropriation of property

 


Option: 2

P is not guilty for any offence since the phone was given with consent


Option: 3

P is guilty for theft


Option: 4

P has been handed over the phone, so he has the right to use it as he likes


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