CLAT Preparation Tips By Sonal Gupta, CEO of Maansarovar Law Centre

CLAT Preparation Tips By Sonal Gupta, CEO of Maansarovar Law Centre

Edited By Team Careers360 | Updated on Jun 30, 2021 06:14 PM IST | #CLAT

How to Crack the CLAT Exam?

The Common Law Admission Test (CLAT) is a national-level entrance exam for undergraduate (UG) and postgraduate (PG) law programs offered by the National Law Universities in the country. The exam is organized by the Consortium of National Law Universities consisting of the representative universities. This exam decides the fate of the students because the university you study from plays an important role in shaping your future.

CLAT Preparation Tips By Sonal Gupta, CEO of Maansarovar Law Centre
CLAT Preparation Tips By Sonal Gupta, CEO of Maansarovar Law Centre

Let’s go through the exam details:

Five sections are asked in the CLAT entrance with 150 questions in total

  • Law

  • General Awareness

  • English

  • General Aptitude

  • Maths

Now the first thing we need to see is that two different approaches must be followed

A. Comprehensive Approach

B. Subject wise Approach

Comprehensive Approach

1. Practising Previous years is a must

You must practice up to 7-8yrs of previous year papers of CLAT and AILET to get a fair idea of the level of exam.

2. Maintaining a register of the difficult questions

You have to maintain 5 subject-wise registers each namely maths difficult questions, reasoning difficult questions, law difficult questions, etc. Whenever you solve a previous year paper or a mock test and are unable to solve some questions of a topic that you have already studied or found a new question or a good question then note it down in that respective subject register By doing this you will create a very good question bank all compiled in one register. Next time before any mock or actual exam just practice profit and loss from your notes and this register, I guarantee you that your performance will improve and you will be able to solve questions that most people won’t be able to do.

3. For any subject, NEVER refer to more than two books

Two books are sufficient for each topic along with your class notes and your self-created unique question bank(as mentioned above). Once you finish solving these books, keep revising them only. Don’t think that you will get more material from more books. That leads to only confusion and frustration. Stick to 2 books for each subject.

4. Always begin studying with a planned schedule in hand

Before you start studying each day, set a target. For eq. 10th January 2019 – Maths – Profit and Loss Law – Murder English – Prepositions Set a practical weekly target every Sunday night and achieve it. It will bring utmost joy once you will achieve your target. Also if you manage to achieve your target before time and you still have some hours left in that day then do not begin studying more. Use that time to relax and entertain yourself.

5. Give your maximum time to work on your weak areas

Giving time to things like static GK will take away your seat because that area is not at all scoring but giving time to Maths, reasoning, law, polity, English vocabulary, etc. will shoot up your score like a rocket.

6. Join a coaching centre only after taking trial classes

It helps us in giving regularity to our preparation and also their methods of teaching and approach is essential for success. However, hard work from your end is equally required. You cannot depend blindly on coaching as the same stuff is taught to hundreds of more students, so at least to surpass them you need to put in your own efforts.

7. Don’t skip your classes, consistency is the key to success.

Subject Wise preparation:

1. Maths

Maths is one of the most scoring topics and scoring 100% in this area is possible however we need to have a realistic approach. We need to realize that there may be a question or two which is way too difficult or beyond the expected syllabus so our realistic aim should be scoring 90%-95% in this area.

If you’re doing self-preparation then please realize that some time you may come across an extremely lengthy or difficult question. Our aim should be managing 90-95% of questions of every topic and if we come across such impossible questions then try asking your teachers or friends for the solution. If still, you feel that it is way too difficult and cannot be solved using concepts and in time then avoid such questions from your preparation. We don’t have to prepare for freak questions.

Study Material for Maths

(i) R.S. Aggarwal (Quantitative Abilities)

(ii) M.Tyra ( Magical Maths)

(iii) Class Material

(iv) Your self-created unique question bank

2. Reasoning

Reasoning is the most scoring area and you must aim for 100% in this area. Every question is possible to be solved and you must aim at scoring 100% in this area. Practice is the key to score 100% in reasoning so give it your time and effort.

Study Material

(i) R.S. Aggarwal ( Reasoning)

(ii) Sijwali ( Arihant Publication)

(iii) Class Material

(iv) Your self-created unique question bank

3. English

This is the most neglected area however it is extremely scoring if efforts are made in the right direction. Include learning vocabulary in your daily routine. You cannot learn 1000 words in one week. So make a daily target of 20-25 words, 20 idioms, and so on.

Study Material

(i) Previous Year Papers and Mock test

(ii) S.P.Bakshi

(iii) A.P.Bhardwaj

(iv) Class notes.

4. General Awareness

The General Awareness section can be divided into two parts

  • Current Affairs

  • Static GK

Current Affairs,
For current affairs, the best approach to be followed is reading the newspaper regularly (any newspaper can be chosen- The Hindu, The Hindustan Times, etc) and following a news channel. From these sources, note down 10-15 points every day that you feel are important from an exam point of view.

While preparing for the exam, you must not refer to more than two sources of news. Your self-created daily pointers along with your coaching notes are sufficient.

Static GK

For static GK questions are mainly asked from Indian Polity, History, Geography, Economics, and Science. Out of all these subjects, Polity remains the most important. It covers around 50-70% of the static GK part. So for this reason, maximum effort has to be put into this subject. The syllabus of the remaining subjects is too vast to be covered and also the weightage of their questions is low. So, excessive time should not be spent on reading these subjects. It is observed that most of the static GK questions asked in the exam are related to the current news.

7. Legal Awareness

  • Do not try to learn this subject

  • Your focus should be on current legal affairs

  • Study basic ingredients of law

  • Know the syllabus and stick to those laws only

  • Study under the guidance of Sonal mam

At the end of the day, it all comes down to your dedication and sincerity towards your goals. Always aim high but also learn to love what you’re studying else it will feel like a burden. Try to find time to relax and enjoy between your study hours because it is important for your mental health. I wish all the students all the very best for their exams!


About Author

Currently the CEO of Maansarovar Law Centre & Sonal Gupta Judicial, Sonal Gupta was a student who turned into a successful lawyer and mentor. She was the top-ranker throughout her law school and is now responsible for shaping the career of more than 5000 students. She wants to simplify the law and make it a ‘Citizen’s Heaven’ rather than a ‘Lawyers Paradise’. Apart from work, Sonal loves to read non-fiction novels, explore lesser-known countries, and watch documentaries. She is also learning to play the piano.

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Questions related to CLAT

Have a question related to CLAT ?

Hello there,

With a CLAT 2025 All India Rank of 12,400 in the SC category , securing admission to the top National Law Universities (NLUs) is unlikely, as their SC category cut-offs typically fall within the 3,000–6,000 rank range.

However, you still have viable options:

NLUs with Higher SC Category Cut-Offs

Some NLUs have historically admitted SC category candidates with ranks beyond 12,000. For instance, Chanakya National Law University (CNLU), Patna has had SC category closing ranks around 13,248 .  Similarly, National University of Study and Research in Law (NUSRL), Ranchi and Damodaram Sanjivayya National Law University (DSNLU), Visakhapatnam have had higher closing ranks for SC candidates.

Private Law Colleges Accepting CLAT Scores

Several private institutions accept CLAT scores and may offer admission at your rank. These include:

  • UPES Dehradun

  • ICFAI Law School, Hyderabad

  • Alliance University, Bangalore

  • Amity Law School

  • Bennett University

These universities often have their own selection criteria and may offer scholarships, especially for SC category students.

Recommendations

  • Participate in CLAT Counselling : Even if top NLUs are out of reach, you might secure a seat in NLUs with higher SC category cut-offs.

  • Explore Private Institutions : Apply to private law colleges that accept CLAT scores and inquire about scholarship opportunities.

  • Consider State Law Colleges : Some state law colleges conduct their own entrance exams or have separate quotas for SC candidates.


I hope this answer helps you. If you have more queries, feel free to share your questions with us, and we will be happy to assist you.

Thank you, and I wish you all the best in your bright future.


Hello there,

With a CLAT 2025 rank of 12,400 in the SC category , your chances of getting into a top National Law University (NLU) are low , but you still have a small chance in lower-ranked NLUs , especially in later rounds or if seats remain vacant.

Possible NLUs (based on past trends for SC category):

  1. NUSRL, Ranchi

  2. CNLU, Patna

  3. DSNLU, Visakhapatnam

  4. MNLU, Nagpur or Aurangabad

  5. HNLU, Raipur (less likely, but worth applying)

    What You Should Do:

  • Register for CLAT Counselling – Participate in all rounds.

  • Keep an eye on vacancy/floating rounds .

  • Also apply to private law colleges accepting CLAT scores like UPES, Amity, ICFAI, etc.


I hope this answer helps you. If you have more queries, feel free to share your questions with us, and we will be happy to assist you.

Thank you, and I wish you all the best in your bright future.


Hello there,

CLAT 2025 (revised) – Deepanshu Samaddar

  • Score: 99.5 percentile

  • All India Rank (AIR): 18

Deepanshu’s excellent performance places him among the top candidates in CLAT 2025, making him eligible for admission into premier National Law Universities (NLUs) across India. This rank opens opportunities in prestigious institutions like NLSIU Bangalore, NALSAR Hyderabad, and NLUs at Hyderabad, Kolkata, and more.


I hope this answer helps you. If you have more queries, feel free to share your questions with us, and we will be happy to assist you.

Thank you, and I wish you all the best in your bright future.

hi,

That’s great! CLAT is a competitive exam, but with the right strategy, you can prepare well at home. Here’s how to start:

  1. Understand the syllabus – Focus on English, Current Affairs, Legal Reasoning, Logical Reasoning, and Quantitative Techniques.

  2. Get good study material – Use CLAT preparation books or online platforms.

  3. Read newspapers daily – This helps with current affairs and improves English.

  4. Practice mock tests – Solve previous year papers and take timed mock tests regularly.

  5. Make a study plan – Set daily targets and revise often.

You can also explore prep tips and resources on Careers360.

All the best for your preparation! .

Clat 2025 me aapki rank AIR 52862 st category rank me 1265 or score 22.25 h every year cutoff thode change hote h lekin kuch year se nlus me lower cutoff jati h possible nlu DNLU iski past st cutoff round5-6  20-25 thi or HNLu raipur ka past st cutoff round 5-6 me 25-30 thi borderline chance hNLUJa assam TNLU tamil naidu 20-28 cutoff st ki Dsnlu visakhapatnam 22-28 RMNLu below 25 st category

View All

Read the passage carefully and answer the question

The Contract should be performed by the promisor himself. However, in certain cases, it can also be performed by his agents or legal representatives. It all depends upon the intention of the parties. Normally a contract can be performed by the following persons. 

  1. Promisor himself: If from the nature of the contract it appears that it was the intention of the parties that the promise should be performed by the promisor himself, such promise must be performed by the promisor. This usually applies to contracts involving personal skill, task, or artwork. 
  2. Promisor or his Agent: Where the contract does not involve the personal skill of the promisor, the contract could be performed by the promisor himself or by any competent person employed by him for the purpose, 
  3. Legal Representatives: The contracts which do not involve any personal skill or taste, may be performed by his legal representative after the death of the promisor.
  4. Third Person: In some cases, a contract may be performed by a third person provided the promisee accepts the arrangement. According to Section 41 of the Indian Contract Act, once the promisee accepts the performance from a third person, he cannot compel the promisor to perform the contract again. 
  5. Performance of Joint Promises: According to section 42 of the Indian Contract Act, when two or more persons have made a joint promise, the joint promisors must fulfill the promise jointly during their lifetime. And if any one of them dies, then his legal representatives and survivors must jointly fulfill the promise. 

Section 43 of the Indian Contract Act further provides that unless a contrary intention appears from the contract, each joint promisor may compel every other joint promisor to contribute equally to the performance of the promise. If any joint promisor makes a default in such contribution, the remaining joint promisors must bear the loss arising from such default in equal shares.

Question:

Aman received a box of chocolates from Basant and promised to pay Rupees 5000. Later on, A becomes bankrupt. Chetan who is a friend of Aman pays rupees 1000 to Besant on behalf of Aman. Aman is not aware of such a transaction. In civil court, insolvency proceedings have started against Aman. Meanwhile, Basant has also applied for a recovery of 5000 rupees. Decide.

Option: 1

Basant is entitled to recover the amount of 5000 from Aman.


Option: 2

Basant is entitled to recover the amount of 4000 from Aman.


Option: 3

Chetan is entitled to recover the amount of 1000 from Basant.


Option: 4

Basant cannot recover any amount from Aman as he has become insolvent.


Read the passage carefully and answer the question

The Contract should be performed by the promisor himself. However, in certain cases, it can also be performed by his agents or legal representatives. It all depends upon the intention of the parties. Normally a contract can be performed by the following persons. 

  1. Promisor himself: If from the nature of the contract it appears that it was the intention of the parties that the promise should be performed by the promisor himself, such promise must be performed by the promisor. This usually applies to contracts involving personal skill, task, or artwork. 
  2. Promisor or his Agent: Where the contract does not involve the personal skill of the promisor, the contract could be performed by the promisor himself or by any competent person employed by him for the purpose, 
  3. Legal Representatives: The contracts which do not involve any personal skill or taste, may be performed by his legal representative after the death of the promisor.
  4. Third Person: In some cases, a contract may be performed by a third person provided the promisee accepts the arrangement. According to Section 41 of the Indian Contract Act, once the promisee accepts the performance from a third person, he cannot compel the promisor to perform the contract again. 
  5. Performance of Joint Promises: According to section 42 of the Indian Contract Act, when two or more persons have made a joint promise, the joint promisors must fulfill the promise jointly during their lifetime. And if any one of them dies, then his legal representatives and survivors must jointly fulfill the promise. 

Section 43 of the Indian Contract Act further provides that unless a contrary intention appears from the contract, each joint promisor may compel every other joint promisor to contribute equally to the performance of the promise. If any joint promisor makes a default in such contribution, the remaining joint promisors must bear the loss arising from such default in equal shares.

Question:

K promises to paint a picture for L on a certain day, at a certain price. K dies before the day of the contract. Decide. 

Option: 1

The contract can be enforced by K’s representative 


Option: 2

The contract can be enforced by L


Option: 3

The contract can be enforced either by K’s representation or by L 


Option: 4

The contract cannot be enforced either by K’s representative, or L


Read the passage carefully and answer the question

The Contract should be performed by the promisor himself. However, in certain cases, it can also be performed by his agents or legal representatives. It all depends upon the intention of the parties. Normally a contract can be performed by the following persons. 

  1. Promisor himself: If from the nature of the contract it appears that it was the intention of the parties that the promise should be performed by the promisor himself, such promise must be performed by the promisor. This usually applies to contracts involving personal skill, task, or artwork. 
  2. Promisor or his Agent: Where the contract does not involve the personal skill of the promisor, the contract could be performed by the promisor himself or by any competent person employed by him for the purpose, 
  3. Legal Representatives: The contracts which do not involve any personal skill or taste, may be performed by his legal representative after the death of the promisor.
  4. Third Person: In some cases, a contract may be performed by a third person provided the promisee accepts the arrangement. According to Section 41 of the Indian Contract Act, once the promisee accepts the performance from a third person, he cannot compel the promisor to perform the contract again. 
  5. Performance of Joint Promises: According to section 42 of the Indian Contract Act, when two or more persons have made a joint promise, the joint promisors must fulfill the promise jointly during their lifetime. And if any one of them dies, then his legal representatives and survivors must jointly fulfill the promise. 

Section 43 of the Indian Contract Act further provides that unless a contrary intention appears from the contract, each joint promisor may compel every other joint promisor to contribute equally to the performance of the promise. If any joint promisor makes a default in such contribution, the remaining joint promisors must bear the loss arising from such default in equal shares.

Question:

Rohan has agreed to manage the catering services during the marriage of Sohan’s son Ramu. On the day of marriage, Rohan felt ill and sent his manager to the management of catering services. Ramu happily gets married to Tina and people appreciated the food and decoration of the event. When Rohan asked Sohan for the remaining amount, he denied it because Rohan himself had not managed so it is a breach. Decide.

 

Option: 1

Rohan is not entitled to get the remaining amount due to a breach of contract.


Option: 2

Rohan is entitled to sue Sohan for the remaining amount.


Option: 3

Rohan is entitled to sue Ramu because it was his marriage.


Option: 4

Instead of Rohan, his manager can only sue Sohan for the breach.


Read the passage and answer the question that follow.

Natural justice is another name for common sense justice rules of natural justice are not in codified form these principles are embedded or ingrained or inbuilt in the conscience of human beings. It supplies the omission made in codified law and helps in the administration of justice. Natural justice is not only confined to ‘fairness’ it will take many shades and colours based on the context. Thus natural justice apart from ‘fairness’ also implies reasonableness, equity and equality. They are neither cast in a rigid mould nor can they be put in a legal straitjacket. These principles written by nature in the heart of mankind, they are immutable, inviolable, and inalienable.

It is true that the concept of natural justice is not very clear and, therefore, it is not possible to define it; yet the principles of natural justice are accepted and enforced. In the case of Ridge V. Baldwin Court observed that “in modern times have sometimes been expressed to the effect that natural justice is as vague as to be practically meaningless. But I would regard these as tainted by the perennial fallacy that because something cannot be cut and dried or nicely weighed or measured therefore it does not exist”. The term natural justice signifies fundamental rules of judicial procedure and fair play in action. According to Lord Widgery “the principles of natural justice were those fundamental rules; the breach will prevent justice from being seen to be done”. Earliest expression of ‘natural justice’ could be found in the philosophical expression of Roman Jurist (jus natural) and signified rules and principles for the conduct of man which were independent of enacted law or customs and could be discovered by the rational intelligence of man and would grow out of and conform to his nature.

The rule against bias that surfaced in 1610 in Dr Bonham's Casewhere Chief Justice Coke went so far as to say that the Court could declare an Act of Parliament void if it made a man as judge in his own cause, or otherwise ‘against common right and reason’. This was one of his grounds for disallowing the claim of the College of Physicians to fine and imprison Doctor Bonham, a Doctor of Physics of Cambridge University, for practising in the city of London without the licence of College of Physicians. The statute under which the College acted provided that fines should go half to the King half to the College so that the College had a financial interest in its own judgement and was judged in its own cause.

Question:

X is a student of a college and his father Y is a professor in the same college. In one instance, X is caught to be involved in unparliamentary activities inside the college campus. The enquiry committee is set up and Y is appointed as the head of the committee. Decide.

Option: 1

Y is a professor of the same college hence he can become a member of the enquiry committee


Option: 2

Y is X’s father hence he should not be a part of the enquiry committee


Option: 3

Y can be a part of the enquiry committee but cannot be its head


Option: 4

There is no rule that prevents the appointment of Y until he fulfils his function diligently


Read the passage and answer the question that follow.

Natural justice is another name for common sense justice rules of natural justice are not in codified form these principles are embedded or ingrained or inbuilt in the conscience of human beings. It supplies the omission made in codified law and helps in the administration of justice. Natural justice is not only confined to ‘fairness’ it will take many shades and colours based on the context. Thus natural justice apart from ‘fairness’ also implies reasonableness, equity and equality. They are neither cast in a rigid mould nor can they be put in a legal straitjacket. These principles written by nature in the heart of mankind, they are immutable, inviolable, and inalienable.

It is true that the concept of natural justice is not very clear and, therefore, it is not possible to define it; yet the principles of natural justice are accepted and enforced. In the case of Ridge V. Baldwin Court observed that “in modern times have sometimes been expressed to the effect that natural justice is as vague as to be practically meaningless. But I would regard these as tainted by the perennial fallacy that because something cannot be cut and dried or nicely weighed or measured therefore it does not exist”. The term natural justice signifies fundamental rules of judicial procedure and fair play in action. According to Lord Widgery “the principles of natural justice were those fundamental rules; the breach will prevent justice from being seen to be done”. Earliest expression of ‘natural justice’ could be found in the philosophical expression of Roman Jurist (jus natural) and signified rules and principles for the conduct of man which were independent of enacted law or customs and could be discovered by the rational intelligence of man and would grow out of and conform to his nature.

The rule against bias that surfaced in 1610 in Dr Bonham's Casewhere Chief Justice Coke went so far as to say that the Court could declare an Act of Parliament void if it made a man as judge in his own cause, or otherwise ‘against common right and reason’. This was one of his grounds for disallowing the claim of the College of Physicians to fine and imprison Doctor Bonham, a Doctor of Physics of Cambridge University, for practising in the city of London without the licence of College of Physicians. The statute under which the College acted provided that fines should go half to the King half to the College so that the College had a financial interest in its own judgement and was judged in its own cause.

Question:

Mr X is an employee of a corporate office. His wife Y is a judge. In one instance, X is found to be involved in a money laundering case at his office. The office now files a suit and Y is appointed as the judge for this case. Decide.

Option: 1

Y is a judge by herself, hence can be appointed to adjudicate this case


Option: 2

Y is can be appointed as a judge only if she fulfils her responsibilities without any bias


Option: 3

Y can adjudicate the case and if the company finds the penalty to be insufficient then they can appeal against it


Option: 4

Y cannot be the judge in this case ab initio


Read the passage and answer the question that follow.

Natural justice is another name for common sense justice rules of natural justice are not in codified form these principles are embedded or ingrained or inbuilt in the conscience of human beings. It supplies the omission made in codified law and helps in the administration of justice. Natural justice is not only confined to ‘fairness’ it will take many shades and colours based on the context. Thus natural justice apart from ‘fairness’ also implies reasonableness, equity and equality. They are neither cast in a rigid mould nor can they be put in a legal straitjacket. These principles written by nature in the heart of mankind, they are immutable, inviolable, and inalienable.

It is true that the concept of natural justice is not very clear and, therefore, it is not possible to define it; yet the principles of natural justice are accepted and enforced. In the case of Ridge V. Baldwin Court observed that “in modern times have sometimes been expressed to the effect that natural justice is as vague as to be practically meaningless. But I would regard these as tainted by the perennial fallacy that because something cannot be cut and dried or nicely weighed or measured therefore it does not exist”. The term natural justice signifies fundamental rules of judicial procedure and fair play in action. According to Lord Widgery “the principles of natural justice were those fundamental rules; the breach will prevent justice from being seen to be done”. Earliest expression of ‘natural justice’ could be found in the philosophical expression of Roman Jurist (jus natural) and signified rules and principles for the conduct of man which were independent of enacted law or customs and could be discovered by the rational intelligence of man and would grow out of and conform to his nature.

The rule against bias that surfaced in 1610 in Dr Bonham's Casewhere Chief Justice Coke went so far as to say that the Court could declare an Act of Parliament void if it made a man as judge in his own cause, or otherwise ‘against common right and reason’. This was one of his grounds for disallowing the claim of the College of Physicians to fine and imprison Doctor Bonham, a Doctor of Physics of Cambridge University, for practising in the city of London without the licence of College of Physicians. The statute under which the College acted provided that fines should go half to the King half to the College so that the College had a financial interest in its own judgement and was judged in its own cause.

Question:

X was a renowned cricketer in the 1980s. His son Y is a struggling cricketer who has been trying to get into the national team for many years. In the year 2020, X is appointed as a member of the selection committee. In the match which is supposed to decide the final team of the nation, Y scores a century and Z scores 65 runs. However, Z is selected to represent India and Y is not. Y now appeals against the decision, the main ground being the presence of X in the committee. Decide.

Option: 1

The appeal will stand as Y scored a century yet Z was selected after scoring 65 runs


Option: 2

The appeal will be quashed since X’s presence should have benefitted Y, but it didn’t, hence the rejection of Y is valid


Option: 3

The appeal will stand as X’s presence is a factor of bias


Option: 4

The appeal will be quashed since X was a renowned cricketer


Read the passage and answer the question that follow.

Natural justice is another name for common sense justice rules of natural justice are not in codified form these principles are embedded or ingrained or inbuilt in the conscience of human beings. It supplies the omission made in codified law and helps in the administration of justice. Natural justice is not only confined to ‘fairness’ it will take many shades and colours based on the context. Thus natural justice apart from ‘fairness’ also implies reasonableness, equity and equality. They are neither cast in a rigid mould nor can they be put in a legal straitjacket. These principles written by nature in the heart of mankind, they are immutable, inviolable, and inalienable.

It is true that the concept of natural justice is not very clear and, therefore, it is not possible to define it; yet the principles of natural justice are accepted and enforced. In the case of Ridge V. Baldwin Court observed that “in modern times have sometimes been expressed to the effect that natural justice is as vague as to be practically meaningless. But I would regard these as tainted by the perennial fallacy that because something cannot be cut and dried or nicely weighed or measured therefore it does not exist”. The term natural justice signifies fundamental rules of judicial procedure and fair play in action. According to Lord Widgery “the principles of natural justice were those fundamental rules; the breach will prevent justice from being seen to be done”. Earliest expression of ‘natural justice’ could be found in the philosophical expression of Roman Jurist (jus natural) and signified rules and principles for the conduct of man which were independent of enacted law or customs and could be discovered by the rational intelligence of man and would grow out of and conform to his nature.

The rule against bias that surfaced in 1610 in Dr Bonham's Casewhere Chief Justice Coke went so far as to say that the Court could declare an Act of Parliament void if it made a man as judge in his own cause, or otherwise ‘against common right and reason’. This was one of his grounds for disallowing the claim of the College of Physicians to fine and imprison Doctor Bonham, a Doctor of Physics of Cambridge University, for practising in the city of London without the licence of College of Physicians. The statute under which the College acted provided that fines should go half to the King half to the College so that the College had a financial interest in its own judgement and was judged in its own cause.

Question:

X is a married judge who is well known for his honesty in the entire city. He has a son Y. One fine day Y gets kidnapped and the kidnapper demands a sum of 20 lakhs from X. However, the kidnapper is caught by the police. X is now appointed as the judge for the hearing of the kidnapper. Decide.

Option: 1

X can be the judge since he can decide the punishment better as he was the sufferer


Option: 2

X cannot be the judge since there is a possibility that he will be biased while delivering the judgement


Option: 3

X can be the judge since he is renowned for his honesty and fulfil his duties


Option: 4

X can be the judge but his statement can be appealed against if delivered with bias


Read the passage and answer the question that follow.

Natural justice is another name for common sense justice rules of natural justice are not in codified form these principles are embedded or ingrained or inbuilt in the conscience of human beings. It supplies the omission made in codified law and helps in the administration of justice. Natural justice is not only confined to ‘fairness’ it will take many shades and colours based on the context. Thus natural justice apart from ‘fairness’ also implies reasonableness, equity and equality. They are neither cast in a rigid mould nor can they be put in a legal straitjacket. These principles written by nature in the heart of mankind, they are immutable, inviolable, and inalienable.

It is true that the concept of natural justice is not very clear and, therefore, it is not possible to define it; yet the principles of natural justice are accepted and enforced. In the case of Ridge V. Baldwin Court observed that “in modern times have sometimes been expressed to the effect that natural justice is as vague as to be practically meaningless. But I would regard these as tainted by the perennial fallacy that because something cannot be cut and dried or nicely weighed or measured therefore it does not exist”. The term natural justice signifies fundamental rules of judicial procedure and fair play in action. According to Lord Widgery “the principles of natural justice were those fundamental rules; the breach will prevent justice from being seen to be done”. Earliest expression of ‘natural justice’ could be found in the philosophical expression of Roman Jurist (jus natural) and signified rules and principles for the conduct of man which were independent of enacted law or customs and could be discovered by the rational intelligence of man and would grow out of and conform to his nature.

The rule against bias that surfaced in 1610 in Dr Bonham's Casewhere Chief Justice Coke went so far as to say that the Court could declare an Act of Parliament void if it made a man as judge in his own cause, or otherwise ‘against common right and reason’. This was one of his grounds for disallowing the claim of the College of Physicians to fine and imprison Doctor Bonham, a Doctor of Physics of Cambridge University, for practising in the city of London without the licence of College of Physicians. The statute under which the College acted provided that fines should go half to the King half to the College so that the College had a financial interest in its own judgement and was judged in its own cause.

Question:

X and Y have been married for five years. X is a judge and Y is a doctor. X is pretty much unhappy with his married life so he wants to divorce Y. Y refuses to agree to a divorce by mutual consent hence X files a suit against Y. Decide.

Option: 1

X cannot file a suit since he is a judge


Option: 2

X can file a suit against Y in legal capacity but not as a judge


Option: 3

X cannot file a divorce suit against Y since there is no valid ground for divorce


Option: 4

X can proceed with mutual consent but not contested divorce


Read the passage and answer the question that follow.

In the case of M/S Halonex Limited, 59-A Noida vs State of U.P., it was held that “In reply to the aforesaid submission, learned counsel for opposite party no.2 submitted that the case of the applicants that no amount is due from their side to the complainant is a matter of defence which cannot be considered at this stage. It has been submitted that the term 'entrustment' as used in Section 405 IPC has been given a wider interpretation. It has been submitted that the goods returned by the complainant to the Company for replacement or for reimbursement would be deemed to have been entrusted to the Company and as the applicants 2 & 3 were handling its affair they become responsible. To buttress the said submission, the learned counsel for the complainant drew the attention of the Court to a decision of the Apex Court in the case of Ram Narayan Popli Vs. Central Bureau of Investigation: (2003) 3 SCC 641, wherein it was observed that: "the term "entrustment" is not necessarily a term of law. It may have different implications in different contexts. In its most general signification all it imports is the handing over possession for some purpose which may not imply the conferring of any proprietary right at all." Attention was also drawn to an observation made in the judgment of the aforesaid case, where it was observed that: "to establish the charge of criminal breach of trust, the prosecution is not obliged to prove the precise mode of conversion, misappropriation or misapplication by the accused of the property entrusted to him or over which he has dominion. The principal ingredient of the offence being dishonest misappropriation or conversion which may not ordinarily be a matter of direct proof, entrustment of property and failure in breach of an obligation to account for the property entrusted if proved, may, in the light of other circumstances, justifiably lead to an inference of dishonest misappropriation or conversion”.

Question:

X tracks down an expensive necklace on the road. Not knowing to whom it belongs. X sells it promptly to a jeweller without attempting to find the owner or submitting the necklace to the authorities. Decide the liability of X.

Option: 1

Extortion


Option: 2

Criminal breach of trust


Option: 3

Theft


Option: 4

Criminal misappropriation of Property


Read the passage and answer the question that follow.

In the case of M/S Halonex Limited, 59-A Noida vs State of U.P., it was held that “In reply to the aforesaid submission, learned counsel for opposite party no.2 submitted that the case of the applicants that no amount is due from their side to the complainant is a matter of defence which cannot be considered at this stage. It has been submitted that the term 'entrustment' as used in Section 405 IPC has been given a wider interpretation. It has been submitted that the goods returned by the complainant to the Company for replacement or for reimbursement would be deemed to have been entrusted to the Company and as the applicants 2 & 3 were handling its affair they become responsible. To buttress the said submission, the learned counsel for the complainant drew the attention of the Court to a decision of the Apex Court in the case of Ram Narayan Popli Vs. Central Bureau of Investigation: (2003) 3 SCC 641, wherein it was observed that: "the term "entrustment" is not necessarily a term of law. It may have different implications in different contexts. In its most general signification all it imports is the handing over possession for some purpose which may not imply the conferring of any proprietary right at all." Attention was also drawn to an observation made in the judgment of the aforesaid case, where it was observed that: "to establish the charge of criminal breach of trust, the prosecution is not obliged to prove the precise mode of conversion, misappropriation or misapplication by the accused of the property entrusted to him or over which he has dominion. The principal ingredient of the offence being dishonest misappropriation or conversion which may not ordinarily be a matter of direct proof, entrustment of property and failure in breach of an obligation to account for the property entrusted if proved, may, in the light of other circumstances, justifiably lead to an inference of dishonest misappropriation or conversion”.

Question:

P borrows from L his phone for using it to call his parents. However, when L is distracted, P removes the memory card of the phone and later on sells it. Decide the liability of P.

Option: 1

P is guilty under dishonest misappropriation of property

 


Option: 2

P is not guilty for any offence since the phone was given with consent


Option: 3

P is guilty for theft


Option: 4

P has been handed over the phone, so he has the right to use it as he likes


Lawyer

A lawyer is a professional who practises law. An Individual in the lawyer career path defends his or her client's cases and makes arguments on his or her behalf in both criminal and civil proceedings. A lawyer may advise and assist clients on how they should handle their legal issues. An individual as a career in law in India is considered one of the most sought-after careers.

A lawyer's job requires inhibiting skills. It involves practical applications of abstract legal theories and knowledge to solve specialised individual problems or to facilitate the interests of those who hire a lawyer to perform legal services. Here, in this article, we will discuss how to become a lawyer after 10th, is lawyer a good career in India, and how to become a lawyer in India.

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