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एनएलयू शुल्क संरचना (NLUs Fee Structure 2025) - नेशनल लॉ यूनिवर्सिटी के लिए एलएलबी और एलएलएम फीस, कोर्स

एनएलयू शुल्क संरचना (NLUs Fee Structure 2025) - नेशनल लॉ यूनिवर्सिटी के लिए एलएलबी और एलएलएम फीस, कोर्स

Edited By Amiteshwar Kumar Pandey | Updated on Oct 11, 2024 02:28 PM IST | #CLAT
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एनएलयू शुल्क संरचना 2025 : भारत में वर्तमान में 27 नेशनल लॉ यूनिवर्सिटी (एनएलयू) हैं। ये एनएलयू (NLUs) यकीनन एलएलबी और एलएलएम कोर्सेज (LLB and LLM courses) के अध्ययन के लिए सबसे लोकप्रिय संस्थान हैं। जो छात्र एनएलयू से कानून की पढ़ाई करना चाहते हैं, उन्हें एनएलयू प्रवेश (NLU admission) के लिए आवेदन करने से पहले एनएलयू शुल्क संरचना (NLU fee structure) के बारे में जरूर जान लेना चाहिए।

कई अन्य सरकारी लॉ स्कूलों के विपरीत, एनएलयू की फीस थोड़ी अधिक है। एनएलएसआईयू बैंगलोर (NLSIU Bangalore) जैसे टॉप रैंक वाले एनएलयू 5 वर्षीय बीए एलएलबी (5 years BA LLB in hindi) के लिए लगभग 4 लाख रुपए प्रति वर्ष (Rs. 4 Lakhs per year) शुल्क लेते हैं। जबकि, कुछ एनएलयू जैसे एनएलयू लखनऊ और एनएलयू मेघालय में बीए एलएलबी की फीस 1.7 लाख रुपये से लेकर 1.8 लाख रुपए प्रति वर्ष है। एनएलयू की शुल्क संरचना 2025 (NLUs Fee Structure 2025 in hindi) में कोई एकरूपता नहीं है और छात्रों को प्रवेश प्रक्रिया के दौरान प्रत्येक एनएलयू के लिए शुल्क संरचना की जांच करनी होगी।

ये भी पढ़ें - एलएलबी पाठ्यक्रमों के लिए क्लैट स्कोर स्वीकार करने वाले टॉप 10 एनएलयू

स्नातकोत्तर स्तर पर, राष्ट्रीय विधि विश्वविद्यालयों (National Law Universities) में एक वर्षीय एलएलएम होता है। एनएलयू एलएलएम शुल्क 2025 (NLU LLM fees 2025) रुपये 1 लाख प्रति वर्ष से रु. 4 लाख प्रति वर्ष के बीच है। 25 एनएलयू में एकीकृत एलएलबी और एलएलएम पाठ्यक्रमों में प्रवेश कंसोर्टियम ऑफ नेशनल लॉ यूनिवर्सिटीज द्वारा आयोजित कॉमन लॉ एडमिशन टेस्ट (क्लैट) के माध्यम से दिया जाता है। जबकि, एनएलयू दिल्ली में प्रवेश एआईएलईटी ( AILET) के माध्यम से और एनएलयू मेघालय में एमईजी यूएटी और एमईजी पीएटी ( MEG UAT and MEG PAT) के माध्यम से होते हैं।

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एनएलयू शुल्क संरचना 2025 - घटक (NLUs Fee Structure 2025 - Components)

5-वर्षीय एकीकृत एलएलबी (5-year integrated LLB) और एलएलएम पाठ्यक्रमों (LLM courses) के लिए एनएलयू की फीस सभी एनएलयू में अलग-अलग है, क्योंकि ये विश्वविद्यालय विभिन्न राज्य सरकारों द्वारा स्थापित किए गए हैं और उनमें एकरूपता का अभाव है। एनएलयू की सामान्य शुल्क संरचना विभिन्न मदों से बनी होती है जैसे ट्यूशन फीस, परीक्षा शुल्क, विकास/कल्याण शुल्क और अन्य। छात्रावास आवास और भोजनालय शुल्क अतिरिक्त हैं।

एनएलयू शुल्क संरचना 2025 के महत्वपूर्ण घटकों की सूची नीचे दी गई है:

  • प्रवेश शुल्क
  • ट्युशन शुल्क
  • परीक्षा शुल्क
  • वापसीयोग्य सावधानी जमा
  • कल्याण शुल्क
  • छात्रावास शुल्क
  • मेस शुल्क
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एनएलयू की फीस संरचना 2025 - पाठ्यक्रम अनुसार फीस (NLUs Fees Structure 2025 - Course Wise Fees)

5-वर्षीय एकीकृत एलएलबी ( 5-year integrated LLB) और एलएलएम पाठ्यक्रमों (LLM courses) की फीस के साथ एनएलयू की सूची नीचे दी गई है। तालिका में दी गई एनएलयू फीस संरचना (NLUs Fees Structure) ट्यूशन फीस, एकमुश्त शुल्क भुगतान और आवर्ती शुल्क भुगतान जैसे शुल्क घटकों को शामिल करने के बाद एक अनुमानित कुल राशि है।

एनएलयू फीस संरचना (NLU Fee Structure)

एनएलयू का नाम

बीए एलएलबी के लिए एनएलयू फीस (यूजी फीस)

एलएलएम के लिए एनएलयू फीस (पीजी फीस)

NLSIU Bengaluru

4.10 लाख रुपये प्रति वर्ष

4.10 लाख रुपये प्रति वर्ष

NLU Delhi

3.80 लाख रुपये प्रति वर्ष

2.47 लाख रुपये प्रति वर्ष

NALSAR Hyderabad

2.70 लाख रुपये प्रति वर्ष

1.75 लाख रुपये प्रति वर्ष

NLIU Bhopal

3.30 लाख रुपये प्रति वर्ष

2.45 लाख रुपये प्रति वर्ष

WBNUJS Kolkata

3.85 लाख रुपये प्रति वर्ष

2.72 लाख रुपये प्रति वर्ष.

NLU Jodhpur

3.06 लाख रुपये प्रति वर्ष

2.28 लाख रुपये प्रति वर्ष

HNLU Raipur

2.15 लाख रुपये प्रति वर्ष

1.65 लाख रुपये प्रति वर्ष

GNLU Gandhinagar

2.58 लाख रुपये प्रति वर्ष

2.62 लाख रुपये प्रति वर्ष

GNLU Silvassa Campus

2.58 लाख रुपये प्रति वर्ष

2.62 लाख रुपये प्रति वर्ष

RMLNLU Lucknow

1.70 लाख रुपये प्रति वर्ष

1.10 लाख रुपये प्रति वर्ष

RGNUL Patiala

2.59 लाख रुपये प्रति वर्ष

2.19 लाख रुपये प्रति वर्ष

CNLU Patna

2.57 लाख रुपये प्रति वर्ष

-

NUALS Kochi

2.14 लाख रुपये प्रति वर्ष

1.63 लाख रुपये प्रति वर्ष

NLUO, Odisha, Cuttack

2.47 लाख रुपये प्रति वर्ष

1.87 लाख रुपये प्रति वर्ष

NUSRL Ranchi

2.41 लाख रुपये प्रति वर्ष

2.20 लाख रुपये प्रति वर्ष

NLUJA Assam, Guwahati

2.44 लाख रुपये प्रति वर्ष

2.11 लाख रुपये प्रति वर्ष

DSNLU Visakhapatnam

2.09 लाख रुपये प्रति वर्ष

1.89 लाख रुपये प्रति वर्ष

TNNLU Tiruchirapalli

1.17 लाख रुपये प्रति वर्ष (TN SC/ST)

1.23 लाख रुपये प्रति वर्ष (TN first generation graduate)

2.17 लाख रुपये प्रति वर्ष (All India SC/ST)

2.23 लाख रुपये प्रति वर्ष (Others)

Nil (TN Govt. schools quota)

1.13 लाख रुपये प्रति वर्ष (TN SC/ST)

1.68 लाख रुपये प्रति वर्ष (All India SC/ST)

1.74 लाख रुपये प्रति वर्ष (Others)


MNLU Mumbai

3.28 लाख रुपये प्रति वर्ष (Maharashtra students)

3.62 लाख रुपये प्रति वर्ष. (All India)

2.52 लाख रुपये प्रति वर्ष (Maharashtra students)

2.64 लाख रुपये प्रति वर्ष (All India)

MNLU Aurangabad

2.66 लाख रुपये प्रति वर्ष (Maharashtra students)

3.12 लाख रुपये प्रति वर्ष (All India)

1.80 लाख रुपये प्रति वर्ष (Maharashtra students)

2.05 लाख रुपये प्रति वर्ष (All India)

HPNLU Shimla

2.98 लाख रुपये प्रति वर्ष

2.70 लाख रुपये प्रति वर्ष

DNLU Jabalpur

2.96 लाख रुपये प्रति वर्ष

2.96 लाख रुपये प्रति वर्ष

DBRANLU, Sonipat, Haryana

1.87 लाख रुपये प्रति वर्ष

-

MNLU Nagpur

3.65 लाख रुपये प्रति वर्ष

3.13 लाख रुपये प्रति वर्ष

NLUT Agartala

1.81 लाख रुपये प्रति वर्ष

1.51 लाख रुपये प्रति वर्ष

NLU Meghalaya

1. 75 लाख रुपये प्रति वर्ष

1. 75 लाख रुपये प्रति वर्ष


य़े भी पढ़ें: LLB Course Fees - 3 & 5 Years LLB Course Fees, Private & Government

एनएलयू फीस संरचना 2025 - महत्वपूर्ण बिंदु (NLU Fees Structure 2025 - Important Points)

यह समझने के लिए कि एनएलयू फीस अधिक क्यों है और कौन से एनएलयू कम फीस लेते हैं, एनएलयू शुल्क संरचना 2025 के संबंध में कुछ महत्वपूर्ण बिंदु यहां दिए गए हैं।

  • एनएलयू में 5 वर्षीय एलएलबी की फीस लगभग रु. 1.7 लाख से रु. 4 लाख प्रति वर्ष है। कुछ टॉप एनएलयू जैसे एनएलएसआईयू बेंगलुरु और एनएलयू दिल्ली की फीस कुछ नए एनएलयू जैसे एनएलयू अगरतला और एनएलयू मेघालय की तुलना में अपेक्षाकृत अधिक है।
  • एनएलयू में एलएलएम की फीस रुपये 1 लाख से रु. 4 लाख प्रति वर्ष के बीच होती है।
  • एनएलयू फीस 2025 मुख्य रूप से उनके जटिल फंडिंग पैटर्न के कारण अधिक है। एनएलयू स्व-वित्तपोषित संस्थान हैं और लॉ प्रोग्राम चलाने की लागत अक्सर उच्च शुल्क संरचना में दिखाई देती है।
  • एनआईआरएफ कानून रैंकिंग 2024 के अनुसार एनएलएसआईयू बेंगलुरु, एनएलयू दिल्ली और एनएएलएसएआर हैदराबाद भारत के टॉप तीन लॉ स्कूल हैं।
  • कुछ नए एनएलयू कम शुल्क लेते हैं। एनएलयू मेघालय की फीस रु. 1.75 लाख प्रति वर्ष है जो एनएलयू में सबसे कम फीस में से एक है। इसी तरह, एनएलयू अगरतला में 5 वर्षीय एलएलबी के लिए फीस रु. 1.81 लाख प्रति वर्ष, आरएमएनएलयू लखनऊ में 5 वर्षीय एलएलबी की फीस लगभग रु. 1.70 लाख प्रति वर्ष हो जो इसे उन कुछ एनएलयू में हैं जो 2 लाख रुपये प्रति वर्ष से कम शुल्क लेते हैं।

एनएलयू द्वारा प्रस्तावित पाठ्यक्रम (Courses Offered by NLUs)

एनएलयू क्लैट परीक्षा (CLAT exam in hindi) के माध्यम से अपने पांच वर्षीय एकीकृत लॉ प्रोग्राम ( five-year integrated law programmes) और एलएलएम कार्यक्रमों (LLM programmes) में प्रवेश प्रदान करते हैं। प्रत्येक एनएलयू द्वारा उपलब्ध कराए गए पाठ्यक्रमों की सूची नीचे दी गई है।

क्लैट परीक्षा पैटर्न के बारे में जानें

एनएलयू द्वारा प्रस्तावित पाठ्यक्रम की सची (List of courses offered by NLUs)

एनएलयू

कोर्स/पाठ्यक्रम

NLSIU Bengaluru

BA LLB (Hons), LLM

NLU Delhi

BA LLB (Hons), LLM

NALSAR Hyderabad

BA LLB (Hons), LLM

WBNUJS Kolkata

BA LLB (Hons), LLM

NLIU Bhopal

BA LLB (Hons), B.Sc LLB, LLM

NLU Jodhpur

BA LLB (Hons), LLM

HNLU Raipur

BA LLB (Hons), LLM

GNLU Gandhinagar

BA LLB(Hons.),BCom LLB(Hons.),BSc LLB (Hons.), BBA LLB(Hons), BSW LLB(Hons), LLM

GNLU Silvassa Campus

BA LLB (Hons), LLM

RMLNLU Lucknow

BA LLB (Hons), LLM

RGNUL Patiala

BA LLB (Hons), LLM

CNLU Patna

BA LLB (Hons), BBA LLB (Hons), LLM

NUALS Kochi

BA LLB (Hons), LLM

NLUO, Odisha, Cuttack

BA LLB (Hons), BBA LLB (Hons), LLM

NUSRL Ranchi

BA LLB (Hons), LLM

NLUJA Assam, Guwahati

BA LLB (Hons), LLM

DSNLU Visakhapatnam

BA LLB (Hons), LLM

TNNLU Tiruchirappalli

BA LLB (Hons), B.Com LLB (Hons), LLM

MNLU Mumbai

BA LLB (Hons) , BBA LLB (Hons), LLM

MNLU Nagpur

BA LLB (Hons) , BBA LLB (Hons), LLM

MNLU Aurangabad

BA LLB (Hons) , BBA LLB (Hons), LLM

HPNLU Shimla

BA LLB (Hons) , BBA LLB (Hons), LLM

DNLU Jabalpur

BA LLB (Hons), LLM

DBRANLU, Sonipat, Haryana

BA LLB (Hons)

NLUT Agartala

BA LLB (Hons), LLM

NLU Meghalaya

BA LLB (Hons), BBA LLB (Hons), BS LLB (Hons), LLM


Browse Law Colleges by Locations:

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

1. एनएलयू शुल्क संरचना 2025 में कुछ प्रमुख घटक क्या हैं?

एनएलयू शुल्क संरचना 2025 में कुछ प्रमुख घटकों में ट्यूशन फीस, प्रवेश शुल्क, परीक्षा शुल्क और छात्रावास और मेस शुल्क शामिल हैं।

2. क्या एनएलयू प्राइवेट कॉलेज से बेहतर है?

ये कॉलेज पर निर्भर करता है. एनएलयू दिल्ली, एनएलएसआईयू बेंगलुरु और एनएएलएसएआर हैदराबाद जैसे शीर्ष एनएलयू को एनआईआरएफ कानून रैंकिंग 2024 में शीर्ष 10 में स्थान दिया गया है। एसएलएस पुणे और बिट्स लॉ स्कूल मुंबई जैसे कुछ प्रसिद्ध निजी कॉलेज भी हैं।

3. एनएलयू की फीस इतनी अधिक क्यों है?

गुणवत्तापूर्ण कानूनी शिक्षा प्रदान करने के उद्देश्य से एनएलयू की स्थापना की गई है। वे अधिकतर सरकारी फंडिंग के बिना स्व-वित्तपोषित संस्थानों के रूप में कार्य करते हैं। यही कारण है कि एलएलबी और अन्य कार्यक्रमों के लिए एनएलयू की फीस अधिक है।

4. क्या एनएलयू फीस संरचना 2024 में हॉस्टल के साथ एनएलयू फीस शामिल है?

कुछ एनएलयू आवासीय कार्यक्रम पेश करते हैं जबकि कुछ में छात्रावास के लिए केवल सीमित सीटें होती हैं। एनएलयू में जहां छात्रावास आवास उपलब्ध नहीं है, शुल्क ऐसी सुविधा प्रदान करने वाले की तुलना में कम होने की संभावना है।

5. किस एनएलयू की फीस सबसे कम है?

टीएनएनएलयू तिरुचिरापल्ली की फीस एनएलयू में सबसे कम है।

6. किस एनएलयू की फीस सबसे अधिक है?

एनएलएसआईयू बैंगलोर सबसे अधिक फीस वाले एनएलयू में से एक है।

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Questions related to CLAT

Have a question related to CLAT ?

Hello,

1. Check Confirmation Email and Receipt

After submitting your form and payment, confirm you received an email with your application ID and receipt. Also, check spam or junk folders.

2. Log in to CLAT Account

On the official CLAT website, log in and review your application. Look for confirmation of payment status—“Completed” or “Successful” indicates a likely acceptance.

3. Verify Application Status on Dashboard

The dashboard should show your application status. Look for terms like "Successfully Submitted" to confirm everything went through.

4. Review Form Details

Double-check that all form sections are filled correctly, and verify all uploaded documents. Errors here can cause rejection.

5. Contact CLAT Helpdesk

If your form status is unclear, reach out to CLAT’s official helpline for confirmation.

6. Watch for Correction Windows

Stay updated on the CLAT website or email for any form correction windows if needed.

Following these steps should help confirm your form’s acceptance.

Hope it helps !

Nlsiu Banglore is one of the most prestigious and highly ranked college, that make is difficult to secure a seat for many students. To get in to nlsiu in 2025, you must score 95+ marks  to have assurance of seat for general category. For other categories, the score is between 85-90 based on previous trends.

About 25% seats of Nlsiu Banglore are reserved for Karnataka Residents. So ,it makes more competition for other state students to get into ,as one - fourth seats are already reserved.

To get into nlsiu Banglore ,you really need to work very hard, as thousands of students sit for exam, and only few of them are selected, about 50-60 students form general category.

Go through the previous year question papers.

Make a proper time table and strictly follow and

Give as many mock tests before exam as you can give to assure good score in clat 2025.

All the best!


According to previous year trends If you are aiming nmims law Hyderabad you should score between 95–100 for the general category in CLAT 2025 .and between 80–85 for the SC/ST and OBC categories.also,nmims accepts LSAT score too for admission in law college.cutoff always depends on various factors and likely to change so try to score as much as you can.

Moreover,same score is also accepted in admission to top NLUs, candidates should score above 90 to get in nlu Hyderabad and A score of around 80–90 is considered decent and you may get admission to lower-ranked NLUs.

Hello,

Since you’ve cracked CLAT UG and are moving to another law college, you need to submit the **Transfer Certificate (TC)** from your current institution, BHU. The TC from your school (class 12) is no longer required as you are already enrolled in another higher education institution. Ensure you get the TC from BHU, as it is a crucial document for the transfer and admission process at your new college.

Hy,

  1. For CLAT (Common Law Admission Test) : No, it is not mandatory to have mathematics in Class 12 to apply for CLAT. CLAT is the entrance exam for undergraduate law programs (BA LLB, BBA LLB, etc.) in National Law Universities (NLUs) across India. The eligibility criteria for CLAT UG simply require you to have passed Class 12 with at least 45% marks (40% for reserved categories). The test itself includes a section on quantitative techniques, but it covers basic mathematics (up to Class 10 level), so you don't need to have studied math in Class 12.

  2. For Law Programs via CUET (Common University Entrance Test) : Similar to CLAT, maths is not mandatory for applying to law programs through CUET. CUET offers access to various central universities and other participating institutions for undergraduate courses, including law. The eligibility typically revolves around having passed Class 12 with a minimum percentage as set by the individual university or program. However, different universities may have slightly varied requirements, so it's advisable to check the specific eligibility criteria of the law program you’re interested in. Most of them, however, do not mandate mathematics as a subject in 12th.

In conclusion, while basic math skills are tested in the CLAT, math is not a required subject in Class 12 for either CLAT or most CUET-based law programs.

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Passage 1
Read the passage below and answer the following question.
Cheating is considered a criminal offence under the Indian Penal Code. It is done to gain profit or advantage from another person by using some deceitful means. The person who deceives another knows for the fact that it would place the other person in an unfair situation. Cheating as an offence can be made punishable under Section 420 of the IPC. Scope of Section 415 Cheating is defined under Section 415 of the Indian Penal Code as whoever fraudulently or dishonestly deceives a person to induce that person to deliver a property to any person or to consent to retain any property. If a person intentionally induces a person to do or omit to do any act which he would not have done if he was not deceived to do so and the act has caused harm to that person in body, mind, reputation, or property, then the person who fraudulently, dishonestly or intentionally induced the other person is said to cheat. Any dishonest concealment of facts that can deceive a person to do an act that he would not have done otherwise is also cheating within the meaning of this section. Essential Ingredients of Cheating requires · deception of any person. Fraudulently or dishonestly inducing that person to deliver any property to any person or to consent that any person shall retain any property; or · intentionally inducing a person to do or omit to do anything which he would not do or omit if he were not so deceived, and the act or omission causes or is likely to cause damage or harm to that person in body, mind, reputation or property.
Deceit– a tort arising from an untrue or false statement of facts which are made by a person, recklessly or knowingly, with an intention that it shall be acted upon by the other person, who would suffer damages as a result. 
Fraud – a false or untrue representation of the fact, that is made with the knowledge of its falsity or without the belief in its truth or a reckless statement that may or may not be true, with an intention to induce a person or individual to act independent of it with the result that the person acts on it and suffers damages and harm. In other words, it is a wrong act or criminal deception with an intention to result in financial or personal gain.
Question - 1 
D went to a moneylender, Z, for the loan. D intentionally pledges the gold article with Z taking the loan. D knows that the article is not made of gold. After a few days, D leaves the village. Decide.

 

Option: 1 None

Option: 2 None

Option: 3 None

Option: 4 None

Read the passage carefully and answer the question

The Contract should be performed by the promisor himself. However, in certain cases, it can also be performed by his agents or legal representatives. It all depends upon the intention of the parties. Normally a contract can be performed by the following persons. 

  1. Promisor himself: If from the nature of the contract it appears that it was the intention of the parties that the promise should be performed by the promisor himself, such promise must be performed by the promisor. This usually applies to contracts involving personal skill, task, or artwork. 
  2. Promisor or his Agent: Where the contract does not involve the personal skill of the promisor, the contract could be performed by the promisor himself or by any competent person employed by him for the purpose, 
  3. Legal Representatives: The contracts which do not involve any personal skill or taste, may be performed by his legal representative after the death of the promisor.
  4. Third Person: In some cases, a contract may be performed by a third person provided the promisee accepts the arrangement. According to Section 41 of the Indian Contract Act, once the promisee accepts the performance from a third person, he cannot compel the promisor to perform the contract again. 
  5. Performance of Joint Promises: According to section 42 of the Indian Contract Act, when two or more persons have made a joint promise, the joint promisors must fulfill the promise jointly during their lifetime. And if any one of them dies, then his legal representatives and survivors must jointly fulfill the promise. 

Section 43 of the Indian Contract Act further provides that unless a contrary intention appears from the contract, each joint promisor may compel every other joint promisor to contribute equally to the performance of the promise. If any joint promisor makes a default in such contribution, the remaining joint promisors must bear the loss arising from such default in equal shares.

Question:

Aman received a box of chocolates from Basant and promised to pay Rupees 5000. Later on, A becomes bankrupt. Chetan who is a friend of Aman pays rupees 1000 to Besant on behalf of Aman. Aman is not aware of such a transaction. In civil court, insolvency proceedings have started against Aman. Meanwhile, Basant has also applied for a recovery of 5000 rupees. Decide.

Option: 1

Basant is entitled to recover the amount of 5000 from Aman.


Option: 2

Basant is entitled to recover the amount of 4000 from Aman.


Option: 3

Chetan is entitled to recover the amount of 1000 from Basant.


Option: 4

Basant cannot recover any amount from Aman as he has become insolvent.


Read the passage carefully and answer the question

The Contract should be performed by the promisor himself. However, in certain cases, it can also be performed by his agents or legal representatives. It all depends upon the intention of the parties. Normally a contract can be performed by the following persons. 

  1. Promisor himself: If from the nature of the contract it appears that it was the intention of the parties that the promise should be performed by the promisor himself, such promise must be performed by the promisor. This usually applies to contracts involving personal skill, task, or artwork. 
  2. Promisor or his Agent: Where the contract does not involve the personal skill of the promisor, the contract could be performed by the promisor himself or by any competent person employed by him for the purpose, 
  3. Legal Representatives: The contracts which do not involve any personal skill or taste, may be performed by his legal representative after the death of the promisor.
  4. Third Person: In some cases, a contract may be performed by a third person provided the promisee accepts the arrangement. According to Section 41 of the Indian Contract Act, once the promisee accepts the performance from a third person, he cannot compel the promisor to perform the contract again. 
  5. Performance of Joint Promises: According to section 42 of the Indian Contract Act, when two or more persons have made a joint promise, the joint promisors must fulfill the promise jointly during their lifetime. And if any one of them dies, then his legal representatives and survivors must jointly fulfill the promise. 

Section 43 of the Indian Contract Act further provides that unless a contrary intention appears from the contract, each joint promisor may compel every other joint promisor to contribute equally to the performance of the promise. If any joint promisor makes a default in such contribution, the remaining joint promisors must bear the loss arising from such default in equal shares.

Question:

K promises to paint a picture for L on a certain day, at a certain price. K dies before the day of the contract. Decide. 

Option: 1

The contract can be enforced by K’s representative 


Option: 2

The contract can be enforced by L


Option: 3

The contract can be enforced either by K’s representation or by L 


Option: 4

The contract cannot be enforced either by K’s representative, or L


Read the passage carefully and answer the question

The Contract should be performed by the promisor himself. However, in certain cases, it can also be performed by his agents or legal representatives. It all depends upon the intention of the parties. Normally a contract can be performed by the following persons. 

  1. Promisor himself: If from the nature of the contract it appears that it was the intention of the parties that the promise should be performed by the promisor himself, such promise must be performed by the promisor. This usually applies to contracts involving personal skill, task, or artwork. 
  2. Promisor or his Agent: Where the contract does not involve the personal skill of the promisor, the contract could be performed by the promisor himself or by any competent person employed by him for the purpose, 
  3. Legal Representatives: The contracts which do not involve any personal skill or taste, may be performed by his legal representative after the death of the promisor.
  4. Third Person: In some cases, a contract may be performed by a third person provided the promisee accepts the arrangement. According to Section 41 of the Indian Contract Act, once the promisee accepts the performance from a third person, he cannot compel the promisor to perform the contract again. 
  5. Performance of Joint Promises: According to section 42 of the Indian Contract Act, when two or more persons have made a joint promise, the joint promisors must fulfill the promise jointly during their lifetime. And if any one of them dies, then his legal representatives and survivors must jointly fulfill the promise. 

Section 43 of the Indian Contract Act further provides that unless a contrary intention appears from the contract, each joint promisor may compel every other joint promisor to contribute equally to the performance of the promise. If any joint promisor makes a default in such contribution, the remaining joint promisors must bear the loss arising from such default in equal shares.

Question:

Rohan has agreed to manage the catering services during the marriage of Sohan’s son Ramu. On the day of marriage, Rohan felt ill and sent his manager to the management of catering services. Ramu happily gets married to Tina and people appreciated the food and decoration of the event. When Rohan asked Sohan for the remaining amount, he denied it because Rohan himself had not managed so it is a breach. Decide.

 

Option: 1

Rohan is not entitled to get the remaining amount due to a breach of contract.


Option: 2

Rohan is entitled to sue Sohan for the remaining amount.


Option: 3

Rohan is entitled to sue Ramu because it was his marriage.


Option: 4

Instead of Rohan, his manager can only sue Sohan for the breach.


Read the passage and answer the question that follow.

Natural justice is another name for common sense justice rules of natural justice are not in codified form these principles are embedded or ingrained or inbuilt in the conscience of human beings. It supplies the omission made in codified law and helps in the administration of justice. Natural justice is not only confined to ‘fairness’ it will take many shades and colours based on the context. Thus natural justice apart from ‘fairness’ also implies reasonableness, equity and equality. They are neither cast in a rigid mould nor can they be put in a legal straitjacket. These principles written by nature in the heart of mankind, they are immutable, inviolable, and inalienable.

It is true that the concept of natural justice is not very clear and, therefore, it is not possible to define it; yet the principles of natural justice are accepted and enforced. In the case of Ridge V. Baldwin Court observed that “in modern times have sometimes been expressed to the effect that natural justice is as vague as to be practically meaningless. But I would regard these as tainted by the perennial fallacy that because something cannot be cut and dried or nicely weighed or measured therefore it does not exist”. The term natural justice signifies fundamental rules of judicial procedure and fair play in action. According to Lord Widgery “the principles of natural justice were those fundamental rules; the breach will prevent justice from being seen to be done”. Earliest expression of ‘natural justice’ could be found in the philosophical expression of Roman Jurist (jus natural) and signified rules and principles for the conduct of man which were independent of enacted law or customs and could be discovered by the rational intelligence of man and would grow out of and conform to his nature.

The rule against bias that surfaced in 1610 in Dr Bonham's Casewhere Chief Justice Coke went so far as to say that the Court could declare an Act of Parliament void if it made a man as judge in his own cause, or otherwise ‘against common right and reason’. This was one of his grounds for disallowing the claim of the College of Physicians to fine and imprison Doctor Bonham, a Doctor of Physics of Cambridge University, for practising in the city of London without the licence of College of Physicians. The statute under which the College acted provided that fines should go half to the King half to the College so that the College had a financial interest in its own judgement and was judged in its own cause.

Question:

X is a student of a college and his father Y is a professor in the same college. In one instance, X is caught to be involved in unparliamentary activities inside the college campus. The enquiry committee is set up and Y is appointed as the head of the committee. Decide.

Option: 1

Y is a professor of the same college hence he can become a member of the enquiry committee


Option: 2

Y is X’s father hence he should not be a part of the enquiry committee


Option: 3

Y can be a part of the enquiry committee but cannot be its head


Option: 4

There is no rule that prevents the appointment of Y until he fulfils his function diligently


Read the passage and answer the question that follow.

Natural justice is another name for common sense justice rules of natural justice are not in codified form these principles are embedded or ingrained or inbuilt in the conscience of human beings. It supplies the omission made in codified law and helps in the administration of justice. Natural justice is not only confined to ‘fairness’ it will take many shades and colours based on the context. Thus natural justice apart from ‘fairness’ also implies reasonableness, equity and equality. They are neither cast in a rigid mould nor can they be put in a legal straitjacket. These principles written by nature in the heart of mankind, they are immutable, inviolable, and inalienable.

It is true that the concept of natural justice is not very clear and, therefore, it is not possible to define it; yet the principles of natural justice are accepted and enforced. In the case of Ridge V. Baldwin Court observed that “in modern times have sometimes been expressed to the effect that natural justice is as vague as to be practically meaningless. But I would regard these as tainted by the perennial fallacy that because something cannot be cut and dried or nicely weighed or measured therefore it does not exist”. The term natural justice signifies fundamental rules of judicial procedure and fair play in action. According to Lord Widgery “the principles of natural justice were those fundamental rules; the breach will prevent justice from being seen to be done”. Earliest expression of ‘natural justice’ could be found in the philosophical expression of Roman Jurist (jus natural) and signified rules and principles for the conduct of man which were independent of enacted law or customs and could be discovered by the rational intelligence of man and would grow out of and conform to his nature.

The rule against bias that surfaced in 1610 in Dr Bonham's Casewhere Chief Justice Coke went so far as to say that the Court could declare an Act of Parliament void if it made a man as judge in his own cause, or otherwise ‘against common right and reason’. This was one of his grounds for disallowing the claim of the College of Physicians to fine and imprison Doctor Bonham, a Doctor of Physics of Cambridge University, for practising in the city of London without the licence of College of Physicians. The statute under which the College acted provided that fines should go half to the King half to the College so that the College had a financial interest in its own judgement and was judged in its own cause.

Question:

Mr X is an employee of a corporate office. His wife Y is a judge. In one instance, X is found to be involved in a money laundering case at his office. The office now files a suit and Y is appointed as the judge for this case. Decide.

Option: 1

Y is a judge by herself, hence can be appointed to adjudicate this case


Option: 2

Y is can be appointed as a judge only if she fulfils her responsibilities without any bias


Option: 3

Y can adjudicate the case and if the company finds the penalty to be insufficient then they can appeal against it


Option: 4

Y cannot be the judge in this case ab initio


Read the passage and answer the question that follow.

Natural justice is another name for common sense justice rules of natural justice are not in codified form these principles are embedded or ingrained or inbuilt in the conscience of human beings. It supplies the omission made in codified law and helps in the administration of justice. Natural justice is not only confined to ‘fairness’ it will take many shades and colours based on the context. Thus natural justice apart from ‘fairness’ also implies reasonableness, equity and equality. They are neither cast in a rigid mould nor can they be put in a legal straitjacket. These principles written by nature in the heart of mankind, they are immutable, inviolable, and inalienable.

It is true that the concept of natural justice is not very clear and, therefore, it is not possible to define it; yet the principles of natural justice are accepted and enforced. In the case of Ridge V. Baldwin Court observed that “in modern times have sometimes been expressed to the effect that natural justice is as vague as to be practically meaningless. But I would regard these as tainted by the perennial fallacy that because something cannot be cut and dried or nicely weighed or measured therefore it does not exist”. The term natural justice signifies fundamental rules of judicial procedure and fair play in action. According to Lord Widgery “the principles of natural justice were those fundamental rules; the breach will prevent justice from being seen to be done”. Earliest expression of ‘natural justice’ could be found in the philosophical expression of Roman Jurist (jus natural) and signified rules and principles for the conduct of man which were independent of enacted law or customs and could be discovered by the rational intelligence of man and would grow out of and conform to his nature.

The rule against bias that surfaced in 1610 in Dr Bonham's Casewhere Chief Justice Coke went so far as to say that the Court could declare an Act of Parliament void if it made a man as judge in his own cause, or otherwise ‘against common right and reason’. This was one of his grounds for disallowing the claim of the College of Physicians to fine and imprison Doctor Bonham, a Doctor of Physics of Cambridge University, for practising in the city of London without the licence of College of Physicians. The statute under which the College acted provided that fines should go half to the King half to the College so that the College had a financial interest in its own judgement and was judged in its own cause.

Question:

X was a renowned cricketer in the 1980s. His son Y is a struggling cricketer who has been trying to get into the national team for many years. In the year 2020, X is appointed as a member of the selection committee. In the match which is supposed to decide the final team of the nation, Y scores a century and Z scores 65 runs. However, Z is selected to represent India and Y is not. Y now appeals against the decision, the main ground being the presence of X in the committee. Decide.

Option: 1

The appeal will stand as Y scored a century yet Z was selected after scoring 65 runs


Option: 2

The appeal will be quashed since X’s presence should have benefitted Y, but it didn’t, hence the rejection of Y is valid


Option: 3

The appeal will stand as X’s presence is a factor of bias


Option: 4

The appeal will be quashed since X was a renowned cricketer


Read the passage and answer the question that follow.

Natural justice is another name for common sense justice rules of natural justice are not in codified form these principles are embedded or ingrained or inbuilt in the conscience of human beings. It supplies the omission made in codified law and helps in the administration of justice. Natural justice is not only confined to ‘fairness’ it will take many shades and colours based on the context. Thus natural justice apart from ‘fairness’ also implies reasonableness, equity and equality. They are neither cast in a rigid mould nor can they be put in a legal straitjacket. These principles written by nature in the heart of mankind, they are immutable, inviolable, and inalienable.

It is true that the concept of natural justice is not very clear and, therefore, it is not possible to define it; yet the principles of natural justice are accepted and enforced. In the case of Ridge V. Baldwin Court observed that “in modern times have sometimes been expressed to the effect that natural justice is as vague as to be practically meaningless. But I would regard these as tainted by the perennial fallacy that because something cannot be cut and dried or nicely weighed or measured therefore it does not exist”. The term natural justice signifies fundamental rules of judicial procedure and fair play in action. According to Lord Widgery “the principles of natural justice were those fundamental rules; the breach will prevent justice from being seen to be done”. Earliest expression of ‘natural justice’ could be found in the philosophical expression of Roman Jurist (jus natural) and signified rules and principles for the conduct of man which were independent of enacted law or customs and could be discovered by the rational intelligence of man and would grow out of and conform to his nature.

The rule against bias that surfaced in 1610 in Dr Bonham's Casewhere Chief Justice Coke went so far as to say that the Court could declare an Act of Parliament void if it made a man as judge in his own cause, or otherwise ‘against common right and reason’. This was one of his grounds for disallowing the claim of the College of Physicians to fine and imprison Doctor Bonham, a Doctor of Physics of Cambridge University, for practising in the city of London without the licence of College of Physicians. The statute under which the College acted provided that fines should go half to the King half to the College so that the College had a financial interest in its own judgement and was judged in its own cause.

Question:

X is a married judge who is well known for his honesty in the entire city. He has a son Y. One fine day Y gets kidnapped and the kidnapper demands a sum of 20 lakhs from X. However, the kidnapper is caught by the police. X is now appointed as the judge for the hearing of the kidnapper. Decide.

Option: 1

X can be the judge since he can decide the punishment better as he was the sufferer


Option: 2

X cannot be the judge since there is a possibility that he will be biased while delivering the judgement


Option: 3

X can be the judge since he is renowned for his honesty and fulfil his duties


Option: 4

X can be the judge but his statement can be appealed against if delivered with bias


Read the passage and answer the question that follow.

Natural justice is another name for common sense justice rules of natural justice are not in codified form these principles are embedded or ingrained or inbuilt in the conscience of human beings. It supplies the omission made in codified law and helps in the administration of justice. Natural justice is not only confined to ‘fairness’ it will take many shades and colours based on the context. Thus natural justice apart from ‘fairness’ also implies reasonableness, equity and equality. They are neither cast in a rigid mould nor can they be put in a legal straitjacket. These principles written by nature in the heart of mankind, they are immutable, inviolable, and inalienable.

It is true that the concept of natural justice is not very clear and, therefore, it is not possible to define it; yet the principles of natural justice are accepted and enforced. In the case of Ridge V. Baldwin Court observed that “in modern times have sometimes been expressed to the effect that natural justice is as vague as to be practically meaningless. But I would regard these as tainted by the perennial fallacy that because something cannot be cut and dried or nicely weighed or measured therefore it does not exist”. The term natural justice signifies fundamental rules of judicial procedure and fair play in action. According to Lord Widgery “the principles of natural justice were those fundamental rules; the breach will prevent justice from being seen to be done”. Earliest expression of ‘natural justice’ could be found in the philosophical expression of Roman Jurist (jus natural) and signified rules and principles for the conduct of man which were independent of enacted law or customs and could be discovered by the rational intelligence of man and would grow out of and conform to his nature.

The rule against bias that surfaced in 1610 in Dr Bonham's Casewhere Chief Justice Coke went so far as to say that the Court could declare an Act of Parliament void if it made a man as judge in his own cause, or otherwise ‘against common right and reason’. This was one of his grounds for disallowing the claim of the College of Physicians to fine and imprison Doctor Bonham, a Doctor of Physics of Cambridge University, for practising in the city of London without the licence of College of Physicians. The statute under which the College acted provided that fines should go half to the King half to the College so that the College had a financial interest in its own judgement and was judged in its own cause.

Question:

X and Y have been married for five years. X is a judge and Y is a doctor. X is pretty much unhappy with his married life so he wants to divorce Y. Y refuses to agree to a divorce by mutual consent hence X files a suit against Y. Decide.

Option: 1

X cannot file a suit since he is a judge


Option: 2

X can file a suit against Y in legal capacity but not as a judge


Option: 3

X cannot file a divorce suit against Y since there is no valid ground for divorce


Option: 4

X can proceed with mutual consent but not contested divorce


Read the passage and answer the question that follow.

In the case of M/S Halonex Limited, 59-A Noida vs State of U.P., it was held that “In reply to the aforesaid submission, learned counsel for opposite party no.2 submitted that the case of the applicants that no amount is due from their side to the complainant is a matter of defence which cannot be considered at this stage. It has been submitted that the term 'entrustment' as used in Section 405 IPC has been given a wider interpretation. It has been submitted that the goods returned by the complainant to the Company for replacement or for reimbursement would be deemed to have been entrusted to the Company and as the applicants 2 & 3 were handling its affair they become responsible. To buttress the said submission, the learned counsel for the complainant drew the attention of the Court to a decision of the Apex Court in the case of Ram Narayan Popli Vs. Central Bureau of Investigation: (2003) 3 SCC 641, wherein it was observed that: "the term "entrustment" is not necessarily a term of law. It may have different implications in different contexts. In its most general signification all it imports is the handing over possession for some purpose which may not imply the conferring of any proprietary right at all." Attention was also drawn to an observation made in the judgment of the aforesaid case, where it was observed that: "to establish the charge of criminal breach of trust, the prosecution is not obliged to prove the precise mode of conversion, misappropriation or misapplication by the accused of the property entrusted to him or over which he has dominion. The principal ingredient of the offence being dishonest misappropriation or conversion which may not ordinarily be a matter of direct proof, entrustment of property and failure in breach of an obligation to account for the property entrusted if proved, may, in the light of other circumstances, justifiably lead to an inference of dishonest misappropriation or conversion”.

Question:

X tracks down an expensive necklace on the road. Not knowing to whom it belongs. X sells it promptly to a jeweller without attempting to find the owner or submitting the necklace to the authorities. Decide the liability of X.

Option: 1

Extortion


Option: 2

Criminal breach of trust


Option: 3

Theft


Option: 4

Criminal misappropriation of Property


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Are you searching for a civil lawyer job description? A civil lawyer is a law professional who deals with disputes that come under civil law. Civil law is applicable to issues related t property and business disputes, family disputes, and torts. A tort can be defined as a civil wrong that causes the other person harm or injury. A Civil lawyer handles disputes regarding personal injury, family relationships, real estate, and employment. A career as a civil lawyer requires working with government entities and business institutions. 

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Human Rights Lawyer

Individuals in the human rights lawyer career path are legal professionals responsible for advocating for people whose inherent dignity has been violated and who have suffered a lot of injustice. They take cases to defend the human rights of minorities, vulnerable populations, the LGBTQI community, indigenous people and others. 

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Criminal Lawyer

A criminal lawyer is a lawyer who specialises in the field of crimes and punishments. Individuals who have been accused of committing a crime are guided by a criminal lawyer. Bail bond hearings, plea bargains, trials, dismissal hearings, appeals, and post-conviction procedures are all part of his or her work. Criminal law is the body of law that describes criminal acts, governs the arrest, prosecution, and trial of offenders, and defines the sentences and correctional options that are available to criminals.

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Family Lawyer

Family lawyers are required to assist a client in resolving any family-related problem. In general, family lawyers operate as mediators between family members when conflicts arise. Individuals who opt for a career as Family Lawyer is charged with drafting prenuptial agreements to protect someone's financial interests prior to marriage, consulting on grounds for impeachment or civil union separation, and drafting separation agreements.

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Cyber Lawyer

Cyber law careers deal with cyber law job opportunities concerning cybercrimes of all aspects such as cyberbullying, cyber frauds, cyber stalking, sharing personal information without consent, intellectual property and intellectual property, transactions, and freedom of speech.

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Immigration Lawyer

An immigration lawyer is responsible for representing the individuals (clients) involved in the immigration process that includes legal, and illegal citizens and refugees who want to reside in the country, start a business or get employment. 

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Government Lawyer

A career as Government Lawyer is a professional who deals with law and requires to work for the government. He or she is required to work for either the state government or central government and is also known as Advocate General of the state and attorney general. A career as Government Lawyer requires one to work on behalf of government ministers and administrative staff. He or she gives legal advice and provides legal services in the public interest.

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