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NLUs Fee Structure 2025 - LLB & LLM Fees for National Law Universities, Courses Offered

NLUs Fee Structure 2025 - LLB & LLM Fees for National Law Universities, Courses Offered

Edited By Sumeet Sudarshan | Updated on Sep 10, 2024 12:25 PM IST | #CLAT
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NLUs Fee Structure 2025: There are currently 27 National Law Universities (NLUs) in India. These NLUs are arguably the most popular institutes for the study of LLB and LLM programmes. Students who wish to study law from NLUs should consider the fee component before applying for admission. Unlike many other government law schools, NLUs fee structure is slightly higher. The top-ranked NLUs such as NLSIU Bangalore charges around Rs. 4 Lakh per annum for a 5-year BA LLB. Whereas, BA LLB fees in some NLUs such as NLU Lucknow, and NLU Meghalaya range from Rs. 1.7 Lakh to Rs. 1.8 Lakh per annum. There is no uniformity in NLUs fee structure 2025 and students have to check the fee structure for each NLU during the admission process.

NLUs Fee Structure 2025 - LLB & LLM Fees for National Law Universities, Courses Offered
NLUs Fee Structure 2025 - LLB & LLM Fees for National Law Universities, Courses Offered

At the postgraduate level, National Law Universities have one-year LLM. The NLU LLM fee 2025 ranges between Rs. 1 Lakh per annum and Rs. 4 Lakh per annum. Admissions to integrated LLB and LLM courses in 25 NLUs are offered through the Common Law Admission Test (CLAT) conducted by the Consortium of National Law Universities. Whereas, NLU Delhi admissions are held through AILET, and NLU Meghalaya through MEG UAT and MEG PAT.

NLUs Fee Structure 2025 - Components

NLU fees for 5-year integrated LLB and LLM courses vary across NLUs as these universities are established by different state governments and they lack uniformity. A general fee structure of NLUs is composed of different heads such as tuition fees, examination fee, development/welfare fee and others. The hostel accommodation and mess charges are additional.

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Given below is a list of important components of the NLUs fee structure 2025:

  • Admission Fee

  • Tuition Fee

  • Examination Fee

  • Refundable Caution Deposit

  • Welfare fee

  • Hostel Fee

  • Mess Charges

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NLUs Fees Structure 2025 - Course Wise Fees

Given below is the NLU list with fees for 5-year integrated LLB and LLM courses. The NLU fees structure given in the table is an approximate total amount after including fee components such as the tuition fees, one-time fee payments and recurring fee payments.

NLU Fee Structure Table

NLU NameNLU fees for BA LLB (UG fees)NLU fees for LLM (PG fees

NLSIU Bengaluru

Rs.4.10 Lakhs p.a

Rs. 4.10 Lakhs p.a.

NLU DelhiRs. 3.80 Lakhs p.a.Rs. 2.47 Lakhs p.a.

NALSAR Hyderabad

Rs. 2.70 Lakhs p.a

Rs. 1.75 Lakhs p.a.

NLIU Bhopal

Rs. 3.30 Lakhs p.a.

Rs. 2.45 Lakhs p.a.

WBNUJS Kolkata

Rs. 3.85 lakhs p.a.

Rs. 2.72 Lakhs p.a.

NLU Jodhpur

Rs. 3.06 Lakhs p.a.

Rs. 2.28 Lakhs p.a.

HNLU Raipur

Rs. 2.15 Lakhs pa

Rs. 1.65 Lakhs p.a.

GNLU Gandhinagar

Rs. 2.58 Lakhs pa

Rs. 2.62 Lakhs p.a.

GNLU Silvassa Campus

Rs. 2.58 Lakhs pa

Rs.2.62 Lakhs p.a.

RMLNLU Lucknow

Rs. 1.70 Lakhs pa

Rs. 1.10 Lakhs p.a.

RGNUL Patiala

Rs.2.59 Lakhs pa

2.19 Lakhs p.a.

CNLU Patna

Rs. 2.57 Lakhs pa

-

NUALS Kochi

Rs.2.14 Lakhs pa

Rs. 1.63 Lakhs p.a.

NLUO, Odisha, Cuttack

Rs. 2.47 Lakhs pa

Rs. 1.87 Lakhs p.a.

NUSRL Ranchi

Rs.2.41 Lakhs pa

Rs. 2.20 Lakhs p.a.

NLUJA Assam, Guwahati

Rs. 2.44 Lakhs pa

Rs. 2.11 Lakhs p.a.

DSNLU Visakhapatnam

Rs. 2.09 Lakhs pa

Rs. 1.89 Lakhs p.a.

TNNLU Tiruchirapalli

Rs. 1.17 Lakhs pa (TN SC/ST)

Rs. 1.23 Lakhs pa (TN first generation graduate)

Rs. 2.17 pa (All India SC/ST)

Rs. 2.23 Lakhs pa (Others)

Nil (TN Govt. schools quota)

Rs. 1.13 Lakhs p.a. (TN SC/ST)

Rs. 1.68 Lakhs p.a. (All India SC/ST)

Rs. 1.74 Lakhs p.a. (Others)


MNLU Mumbai

Rs. 3.28 Lakhs p.a. (Maharashtra students)

Rs. 3.62 Lakhs p.a. (All India)

Rs. 2.52 Lakhs p.a. (Maharashtra students)

Rs. 2.64 Lakhs p.a. (All India)

MNLU Aurangabad

Rs. 2.66 Lakhs pa (Maharashtra students)

Rs. 3.12 Lakhs pa (All India)

Rs. 1.80 Lakhs p.a. (Maharashtra students)

Rs. 2.05 Lakhs p.a. (All India)

HPNLU Shimla

Rs. 2.98 Lakhs pa

Rs. 2.70 Lakhs p.a.

DNLU Jabalpur

Rs. 2.96 Lakhs pa

Rs. 2.96 Lakhs p.a.

DBRANLU, Sonipat, Haryana

Rs. 1.87 Lakhs pa

-

MNLU Nagpur

Rs. 3.65 Lakhs pa


Rs. 3.13 Lakhs p.a.

NLUT Agartala

Rs. 1.81 Lakhs p.a.

Rs. 1.51 Lakhs p.a.

NLU MeghalayaRs. 1. 75 Lakhs p.a.Rs. 1. 75 Lakhs p.a.
RPNLU PrayagrajRs. 2.45 lakhs p.aRs. 2.12 lakh p.a.

Also Read: LLB Course Fees - 3 & 5 Years LLB Course Fees, Private & Government

NLU Fees Structure 2025 - Important Points

Here are some important points regarding NLU fee structure 2025 to understand why NLU fees are higher and which NLUs charge lower fees among them.

  • The fee for a 5-year LLB in NLU ranges from approximately Rs. 1.7 lakhs to Rs. 4 Lakhs p.a. Some of the top NLUs such as NLSIU Bengaluru and NLU Delhi have relatively higher fees than some of the newer NLUs such as NLU Agartala and NLU Meghalaya.
  • The LLM fees at NLUs range between Rs. 1 lakh to Rs. 4 Lakh p.a.
  • The NLU fees 2025 are higher mainly because of their complex funding pattern. The NLUs are self-financing institutions and the cost of running the law programmes is often reflected in the higher fee structure.
  • NLSIU Bengaluru, NLU Delhi and NALSAR Hyderabad are the top three law schools in India as per the NIRF law rankings 2024.
  • Some of the newer NLUs charge less fees. NLU Meghalaya fees is Rs. 1.75 Lakhs p.a which is one of the lowest among NLUs. Similarly, NLU Agartala fees for 5-year LLB is Rs. 1.81 Lakhs p.a. RMNLU Lucknow fees for 5-year LLB is approximately Rs. 1.70 Lakhs p.a making it among the few NLUs that charge less than Rs. 2 Lakhs p.a.

Courses Offered by NLUs

NLUs offer admission into their five-year integrated law programmes and LLM programmes through the CLAT exam. Given below is a list of the courses provided by each NLU.

List of courses offered by NLUs

NLUsCourses

NLSIU Bengaluru

BA LLB (Hons), LLM

NLU Delhi

BA LLB (Hons), LLM

NALSAR Hyderabad

BA LLB (Hons), LLM

WBNUJS Kolkata

BA LLB (Hons), LLM

NLIU Bhopal

BA LLB (Hons), B.Sc LLB, LLM

NLU Jodhpur

BA LLB (Hons), LLM

HNLU Raipur

BA LLB (Hons), LLM

GNLU Gandhinagar

BA LLB(Hons.),BCom LLB(Hons.),BSc LLB (Hons.), BBA LLB(Hons), BSW LLB(Hons), LLM

GNLU Silvassa Campus

BA LLB (Hons), LLM

RMLNLU Lucknow

BA LLB (Hons), LLM

RGNUL Patiala

BA LLB (Hons), LLM

CNLU Patna

BA LLB (Hons), BBA LLB (Hons), LLM

NUALS Kochi

BA LLB (Hons), LLM

NLUO, Odisha, Cuttack

BA LLB (Hons), BBA LLB (Hons), LLM

NUSRL Ranchi

BA LLB (Hons), LLM

NLUJA Assam, Guwahati

BA LLB (Hons), LLM

DSNLU Visakhapatnam

BA LLB (Hons), LLM

TNNLU Tiruchirappalli

BA LLB (Hons), B.Com LLB (Hons), LLM

MNLU Mumbai

BA LLB (Hons) , BBA LLB (Hons), LLM

MNLU Nagpur

BA LLB (Hons) , BBA LLB (Hons), LLM

MNLU Aurangabad

BA LLB (Hons) , BBA LLB (Hons), LLM

HPNLU Shimla

BA LLB (Hons) , BBA LLB (Hons), LLM

DNLU Jabalpur

BA LLB (Hons), LLM

DBRANLU, Sonipat, Haryana

BA LLB (Hons)

NLUT Agartala

BA LLB (Hons), LLM

NLU Meghalaya

BA LLB (Hons), BBA LLB (Hons), BS LLB (Hons), LLM

RPNLU PrayagrajBA LLB (Hons.), LLM

Browse Law Colleges by Locations:

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

1. What are some major components in the NLUs fee structure 2025?

Some of the major components in the NLUs fee structure 2025 include tuition fees, admission fees, examination fee, and hostel and mess fees.

2. Is NLU better than private college?

It depends on the college. The top NLUs like NLU Delhi, NLSIU Bengaluru and NALSAR Hyderabad are ranked in the top 10 in the NIRF law rankings 2024. There are also some well-known private colleges such as SLS Pune and BITS Law School Mumbai.

3. Why are NLUs fees so high?

NLUs have been established for the purpose of delivering quality legal education. They mostly function as self-financing institutions without government funding. It is for this reason the NLUs fees for LLB and other programmes is high.

4. Does the NLUs fees structure 2024 include NLU fees with hostels?

Some NLUs offer residential programmes whereas some only have limited seats for hostels. In NLUs where hostel accommodation is not available, the fee is likely to be lesser than the ones that offer such a facility.

5. Which NLU has lowest fees?

TNNLU Tiruchirappalli has the lowest fee among NLUs.

6. Which NLU has highest fees?

NLSIU Bangalore is among the NLUs with the highest fees.

7. Does NLU fees include hostel fees?

Some NLUs such as NLSIU Bengaluru are fully residential and require the students to stay in the campus. Hence the fee includes hostel fee. However, many NLUs do not require the students to stay in hostels inside the campus. 

8. What is the fee after clearing CLAT?

After obtaining a valid score in CLAT candidates will be required to deposit the prescribed university fee at the time of admission in a particular NLU. 

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Passage 1
Read the passage below and answer the following question.
Cheating is considered a criminal offence under the Indian Penal Code. It is done to gain profit or advantage from another person by using some deceitful means. The person who deceives another knows for the fact that it would place the other person in an unfair situation. Cheating as an offence can be made punishable under Section 420 of the IPC. Scope of Section 415 Cheating is defined under Section 415 of the Indian Penal Code as whoever fraudulently or dishonestly deceives a person to induce that person to deliver a property to any person or to consent to retain any property. If a person intentionally induces a person to do or omit to do any act which he would not have done if he was not deceived to do so and the act has caused harm to that person in body, mind, reputation, or property, then the person who fraudulently, dishonestly or intentionally induced the other person is said to cheat. Any dishonest concealment of facts that can deceive a person to do an act that he would not have done otherwise is also cheating within the meaning of this section. Essential Ingredients of Cheating requires · deception of any person. Fraudulently or dishonestly inducing that person to deliver any property to any person or to consent that any person shall retain any property; or · intentionally inducing a person to do or omit to do anything which he would not do or omit if he were not so deceived, and the act or omission causes or is likely to cause damage or harm to that person in body, mind, reputation or property.
Deceit– a tort arising from an untrue or false statement of facts which are made by a person, recklessly or knowingly, with an intention that it shall be acted upon by the other person, who would suffer damages as a result. 
Fraud – a false or untrue representation of the fact, that is made with the knowledge of its falsity or without the belief in its truth or a reckless statement that may or may not be true, with an intention to induce a person or individual to act independent of it with the result that the person acts on it and suffers damages and harm. In other words, it is a wrong act or criminal deception with an intention to result in financial or personal gain.
Question - 1 
D went to a moneylender, Z, for the loan. D intentionally pledges the gold article with Z taking the loan. D knows that the article is not made of gold. After a few days, D leaves the village. Decide.

 

Option: 1 None

Option: 2 None

Option: 3 None

Option: 4 None

Read the passage carefully and answer the question

The Contract should be performed by the promisor himself. However, in certain cases, it can also be performed by his agents or legal representatives. It all depends upon the intention of the parties. Normally a contract can be performed by the following persons. 

  1. Promisor himself: If from the nature of the contract it appears that it was the intention of the parties that the promise should be performed by the promisor himself, such promise must be performed by the promisor. This usually applies to contracts involving personal skill, task, or artwork. 
  2. Promisor or his Agent: Where the contract does not involve the personal skill of the promisor, the contract could be performed by the promisor himself or by any competent person employed by him for the purpose, 
  3. Legal Representatives: The contracts which do not involve any personal skill or taste, may be performed by his legal representative after the death of the promisor.
  4. Third Person: In some cases, a contract may be performed by a third person provided the promisee accepts the arrangement. According to Section 41 of the Indian Contract Act, once the promisee accepts the performance from a third person, he cannot compel the promisor to perform the contract again. 
  5. Performance of Joint Promises: According to section 42 of the Indian Contract Act, when two or more persons have made a joint promise, the joint promisors must fulfill the promise jointly during their lifetime. And if any one of them dies, then his legal representatives and survivors must jointly fulfill the promise. 

Section 43 of the Indian Contract Act further provides that unless a contrary intention appears from the contract, each joint promisor may compel every other joint promisor to contribute equally to the performance of the promise. If any joint promisor makes a default in such contribution, the remaining joint promisors must bear the loss arising from such default in equal shares.

Question:

Aman received a box of chocolates from Basant and promised to pay Rupees 5000. Later on, A becomes bankrupt. Chetan who is a friend of Aman pays rupees 1000 to Besant on behalf of Aman. Aman is not aware of such a transaction. In civil court, insolvency proceedings have started against Aman. Meanwhile, Basant has also applied for a recovery of 5000 rupees. Decide.

Option: 1

Basant is entitled to recover the amount of 5000 from Aman.


Option: 2

Basant is entitled to recover the amount of 4000 from Aman.


Option: 3

Chetan is entitled to recover the amount of 1000 from Basant.


Option: 4

Basant cannot recover any amount from Aman as he has become insolvent.


Read the passage carefully and answer the question

The Contract should be performed by the promisor himself. However, in certain cases, it can also be performed by his agents or legal representatives. It all depends upon the intention of the parties. Normally a contract can be performed by the following persons. 

  1. Promisor himself: If from the nature of the contract it appears that it was the intention of the parties that the promise should be performed by the promisor himself, such promise must be performed by the promisor. This usually applies to contracts involving personal skill, task, or artwork. 
  2. Promisor or his Agent: Where the contract does not involve the personal skill of the promisor, the contract could be performed by the promisor himself or by any competent person employed by him for the purpose, 
  3. Legal Representatives: The contracts which do not involve any personal skill or taste, may be performed by his legal representative after the death of the promisor.
  4. Third Person: In some cases, a contract may be performed by a third person provided the promisee accepts the arrangement. According to Section 41 of the Indian Contract Act, once the promisee accepts the performance from a third person, he cannot compel the promisor to perform the contract again. 
  5. Performance of Joint Promises: According to section 42 of the Indian Contract Act, when two or more persons have made a joint promise, the joint promisors must fulfill the promise jointly during their lifetime. And if any one of them dies, then his legal representatives and survivors must jointly fulfill the promise. 

Section 43 of the Indian Contract Act further provides that unless a contrary intention appears from the contract, each joint promisor may compel every other joint promisor to contribute equally to the performance of the promise. If any joint promisor makes a default in such contribution, the remaining joint promisors must bear the loss arising from such default in equal shares.

Question:

K promises to paint a picture for L on a certain day, at a certain price. K dies before the day of the contract. Decide. 

Option: 1

The contract can be enforced by K’s representative 


Option: 2

The contract can be enforced by L


Option: 3

The contract can be enforced either by K’s representation or by L 


Option: 4

The contract cannot be enforced either by K’s representative, or L


Read the passage carefully and answer the question

The Contract should be performed by the promisor himself. However, in certain cases, it can also be performed by his agents or legal representatives. It all depends upon the intention of the parties. Normally a contract can be performed by the following persons. 

  1. Promisor himself: If from the nature of the contract it appears that it was the intention of the parties that the promise should be performed by the promisor himself, such promise must be performed by the promisor. This usually applies to contracts involving personal skill, task, or artwork. 
  2. Promisor or his Agent: Where the contract does not involve the personal skill of the promisor, the contract could be performed by the promisor himself or by any competent person employed by him for the purpose, 
  3. Legal Representatives: The contracts which do not involve any personal skill or taste, may be performed by his legal representative after the death of the promisor.
  4. Third Person: In some cases, a contract may be performed by a third person provided the promisee accepts the arrangement. According to Section 41 of the Indian Contract Act, once the promisee accepts the performance from a third person, he cannot compel the promisor to perform the contract again. 
  5. Performance of Joint Promises: According to section 42 of the Indian Contract Act, when two or more persons have made a joint promise, the joint promisors must fulfill the promise jointly during their lifetime. And if any one of them dies, then his legal representatives and survivors must jointly fulfill the promise. 

Section 43 of the Indian Contract Act further provides that unless a contrary intention appears from the contract, each joint promisor may compel every other joint promisor to contribute equally to the performance of the promise. If any joint promisor makes a default in such contribution, the remaining joint promisors must bear the loss arising from such default in equal shares.

Question:

Rohan has agreed to manage the catering services during the marriage of Sohan’s son Ramu. On the day of marriage, Rohan felt ill and sent his manager to the management of catering services. Ramu happily gets married to Tina and people appreciated the food and decoration of the event. When Rohan asked Sohan for the remaining amount, he denied it because Rohan himself had not managed so it is a breach. Decide.

 

Option: 1

Rohan is not entitled to get the remaining amount due to a breach of contract.


Option: 2

Rohan is entitled to sue Sohan for the remaining amount.


Option: 3

Rohan is entitled to sue Ramu because it was his marriage.


Option: 4

Instead of Rohan, his manager can only sue Sohan for the breach.


Read the passage and answer the question that follow.

Natural justice is another name for common sense justice rules of natural justice are not in codified form these principles are embedded or ingrained or inbuilt in the conscience of human beings. It supplies the omission made in codified law and helps in the administration of justice. Natural justice is not only confined to ‘fairness’ it will take many shades and colours based on the context. Thus natural justice apart from ‘fairness’ also implies reasonableness, equity and equality. They are neither cast in a rigid mould nor can they be put in a legal straitjacket. These principles written by nature in the heart of mankind, they are immutable, inviolable, and inalienable.

It is true that the concept of natural justice is not very clear and, therefore, it is not possible to define it; yet the principles of natural justice are accepted and enforced. In the case of Ridge V. Baldwin Court observed that “in modern times have sometimes been expressed to the effect that natural justice is as vague as to be practically meaningless. But I would regard these as tainted by the perennial fallacy that because something cannot be cut and dried or nicely weighed or measured therefore it does not exist”. The term natural justice signifies fundamental rules of judicial procedure and fair play in action. According to Lord Widgery “the principles of natural justice were those fundamental rules; the breach will prevent justice from being seen to be done”. Earliest expression of ‘natural justice’ could be found in the philosophical expression of Roman Jurist (jus natural) and signified rules and principles for the conduct of man which were independent of enacted law or customs and could be discovered by the rational intelligence of man and would grow out of and conform to his nature.

The rule against bias that surfaced in 1610 in Dr Bonham's Casewhere Chief Justice Coke went so far as to say that the Court could declare an Act of Parliament void if it made a man as judge in his own cause, or otherwise ‘against common right and reason’. This was one of his grounds for disallowing the claim of the College of Physicians to fine and imprison Doctor Bonham, a Doctor of Physics of Cambridge University, for practising in the city of London without the licence of College of Physicians. The statute under which the College acted provided that fines should go half to the King half to the College so that the College had a financial interest in its own judgement and was judged in its own cause.

Question:

X is a student of a college and his father Y is a professor in the same college. In one instance, X is caught to be involved in unparliamentary activities inside the college campus. The enquiry committee is set up and Y is appointed as the head of the committee. Decide.

Option: 1

Y is a professor of the same college hence he can become a member of the enquiry committee


Option: 2

Y is X’s father hence he should not be a part of the enquiry committee


Option: 3

Y can be a part of the enquiry committee but cannot be its head


Option: 4

There is no rule that prevents the appointment of Y until he fulfils his function diligently


Read the passage and answer the question that follow.

Natural justice is another name for common sense justice rules of natural justice are not in codified form these principles are embedded or ingrained or inbuilt in the conscience of human beings. It supplies the omission made in codified law and helps in the administration of justice. Natural justice is not only confined to ‘fairness’ it will take many shades and colours based on the context. Thus natural justice apart from ‘fairness’ also implies reasonableness, equity and equality. They are neither cast in a rigid mould nor can they be put in a legal straitjacket. These principles written by nature in the heart of mankind, they are immutable, inviolable, and inalienable.

It is true that the concept of natural justice is not very clear and, therefore, it is not possible to define it; yet the principles of natural justice are accepted and enforced. In the case of Ridge V. Baldwin Court observed that “in modern times have sometimes been expressed to the effect that natural justice is as vague as to be practically meaningless. But I would regard these as tainted by the perennial fallacy that because something cannot be cut and dried or nicely weighed or measured therefore it does not exist”. The term natural justice signifies fundamental rules of judicial procedure and fair play in action. According to Lord Widgery “the principles of natural justice were those fundamental rules; the breach will prevent justice from being seen to be done”. Earliest expression of ‘natural justice’ could be found in the philosophical expression of Roman Jurist (jus natural) and signified rules and principles for the conduct of man which were independent of enacted law or customs and could be discovered by the rational intelligence of man and would grow out of and conform to his nature.

The rule against bias that surfaced in 1610 in Dr Bonham's Casewhere Chief Justice Coke went so far as to say that the Court could declare an Act of Parliament void if it made a man as judge in his own cause, or otherwise ‘against common right and reason’. This was one of his grounds for disallowing the claim of the College of Physicians to fine and imprison Doctor Bonham, a Doctor of Physics of Cambridge University, for practising in the city of London without the licence of College of Physicians. The statute under which the College acted provided that fines should go half to the King half to the College so that the College had a financial interest in its own judgement and was judged in its own cause.

Question:

Mr X is an employee of a corporate office. His wife Y is a judge. In one instance, X is found to be involved in a money laundering case at his office. The office now files a suit and Y is appointed as the judge for this case. Decide.

Option: 1

Y is a judge by herself, hence can be appointed to adjudicate this case


Option: 2

Y is can be appointed as a judge only if she fulfils her responsibilities without any bias


Option: 3

Y can adjudicate the case and if the company finds the penalty to be insufficient then they can appeal against it


Option: 4

Y cannot be the judge in this case ab initio


Read the passage and answer the question that follow.

Natural justice is another name for common sense justice rules of natural justice are not in codified form these principles are embedded or ingrained or inbuilt in the conscience of human beings. It supplies the omission made in codified law and helps in the administration of justice. Natural justice is not only confined to ‘fairness’ it will take many shades and colours based on the context. Thus natural justice apart from ‘fairness’ also implies reasonableness, equity and equality. They are neither cast in a rigid mould nor can they be put in a legal straitjacket. These principles written by nature in the heart of mankind, they are immutable, inviolable, and inalienable.

It is true that the concept of natural justice is not very clear and, therefore, it is not possible to define it; yet the principles of natural justice are accepted and enforced. In the case of Ridge V. Baldwin Court observed that “in modern times have sometimes been expressed to the effect that natural justice is as vague as to be practically meaningless. But I would regard these as tainted by the perennial fallacy that because something cannot be cut and dried or nicely weighed or measured therefore it does not exist”. The term natural justice signifies fundamental rules of judicial procedure and fair play in action. According to Lord Widgery “the principles of natural justice were those fundamental rules; the breach will prevent justice from being seen to be done”. Earliest expression of ‘natural justice’ could be found in the philosophical expression of Roman Jurist (jus natural) and signified rules and principles for the conduct of man which were independent of enacted law or customs and could be discovered by the rational intelligence of man and would grow out of and conform to his nature.

The rule against bias that surfaced in 1610 in Dr Bonham's Casewhere Chief Justice Coke went so far as to say that the Court could declare an Act of Parliament void if it made a man as judge in his own cause, or otherwise ‘against common right and reason’. This was one of his grounds for disallowing the claim of the College of Physicians to fine and imprison Doctor Bonham, a Doctor of Physics of Cambridge University, for practising in the city of London without the licence of College of Physicians. The statute under which the College acted provided that fines should go half to the King half to the College so that the College had a financial interest in its own judgement and was judged in its own cause.

Question:

X was a renowned cricketer in the 1980s. His son Y is a struggling cricketer who has been trying to get into the national team for many years. In the year 2020, X is appointed as a member of the selection committee. In the match which is supposed to decide the final team of the nation, Y scores a century and Z scores 65 runs. However, Z is selected to represent India and Y is not. Y now appeals against the decision, the main ground being the presence of X in the committee. Decide.

Option: 1

The appeal will stand as Y scored a century yet Z was selected after scoring 65 runs


Option: 2

The appeal will be quashed since X’s presence should have benefitted Y, but it didn’t, hence the rejection of Y is valid


Option: 3

The appeal will stand as X’s presence is a factor of bias


Option: 4

The appeal will be quashed since X was a renowned cricketer


Read the passage and answer the question that follow.

Natural justice is another name for common sense justice rules of natural justice are not in codified form these principles are embedded or ingrained or inbuilt in the conscience of human beings. It supplies the omission made in codified law and helps in the administration of justice. Natural justice is not only confined to ‘fairness’ it will take many shades and colours based on the context. Thus natural justice apart from ‘fairness’ also implies reasonableness, equity and equality. They are neither cast in a rigid mould nor can they be put in a legal straitjacket. These principles written by nature in the heart of mankind, they are immutable, inviolable, and inalienable.

It is true that the concept of natural justice is not very clear and, therefore, it is not possible to define it; yet the principles of natural justice are accepted and enforced. In the case of Ridge V. Baldwin Court observed that “in modern times have sometimes been expressed to the effect that natural justice is as vague as to be practically meaningless. But I would regard these as tainted by the perennial fallacy that because something cannot be cut and dried or nicely weighed or measured therefore it does not exist”. The term natural justice signifies fundamental rules of judicial procedure and fair play in action. According to Lord Widgery “the principles of natural justice were those fundamental rules; the breach will prevent justice from being seen to be done”. Earliest expression of ‘natural justice’ could be found in the philosophical expression of Roman Jurist (jus natural) and signified rules and principles for the conduct of man which were independent of enacted law or customs and could be discovered by the rational intelligence of man and would grow out of and conform to his nature.

The rule against bias that surfaced in 1610 in Dr Bonham's Casewhere Chief Justice Coke went so far as to say that the Court could declare an Act of Parliament void if it made a man as judge in his own cause, or otherwise ‘against common right and reason’. This was one of his grounds for disallowing the claim of the College of Physicians to fine and imprison Doctor Bonham, a Doctor of Physics of Cambridge University, for practising in the city of London without the licence of College of Physicians. The statute under which the College acted provided that fines should go half to the King half to the College so that the College had a financial interest in its own judgement and was judged in its own cause.

Question:

X is a married judge who is well known for his honesty in the entire city. He has a son Y. One fine day Y gets kidnapped and the kidnapper demands a sum of 20 lakhs from X. However, the kidnapper is caught by the police. X is now appointed as the judge for the hearing of the kidnapper. Decide.

Option: 1

X can be the judge since he can decide the punishment better as he was the sufferer


Option: 2

X cannot be the judge since there is a possibility that he will be biased while delivering the judgement


Option: 3

X can be the judge since he is renowned for his honesty and fulfil his duties


Option: 4

X can be the judge but his statement can be appealed against if delivered with bias


Read the passage and answer the question that follow.

Natural justice is another name for common sense justice rules of natural justice are not in codified form these principles are embedded or ingrained or inbuilt in the conscience of human beings. It supplies the omission made in codified law and helps in the administration of justice. Natural justice is not only confined to ‘fairness’ it will take many shades and colours based on the context. Thus natural justice apart from ‘fairness’ also implies reasonableness, equity and equality. They are neither cast in a rigid mould nor can they be put in a legal straitjacket. These principles written by nature in the heart of mankind, they are immutable, inviolable, and inalienable.

It is true that the concept of natural justice is not very clear and, therefore, it is not possible to define it; yet the principles of natural justice are accepted and enforced. In the case of Ridge V. Baldwin Court observed that “in modern times have sometimes been expressed to the effect that natural justice is as vague as to be practically meaningless. But I would regard these as tainted by the perennial fallacy that because something cannot be cut and dried or nicely weighed or measured therefore it does not exist”. The term natural justice signifies fundamental rules of judicial procedure and fair play in action. According to Lord Widgery “the principles of natural justice were those fundamental rules; the breach will prevent justice from being seen to be done”. Earliest expression of ‘natural justice’ could be found in the philosophical expression of Roman Jurist (jus natural) and signified rules and principles for the conduct of man which were independent of enacted law or customs and could be discovered by the rational intelligence of man and would grow out of and conform to his nature.

The rule against bias that surfaced in 1610 in Dr Bonham's Casewhere Chief Justice Coke went so far as to say that the Court could declare an Act of Parliament void if it made a man as judge in his own cause, or otherwise ‘against common right and reason’. This was one of his grounds for disallowing the claim of the College of Physicians to fine and imprison Doctor Bonham, a Doctor of Physics of Cambridge University, for practising in the city of London without the licence of College of Physicians. The statute under which the College acted provided that fines should go half to the King half to the College so that the College had a financial interest in its own judgement and was judged in its own cause.

Question:

X and Y have been married for five years. X is a judge and Y is a doctor. X is pretty much unhappy with his married life so he wants to divorce Y. Y refuses to agree to a divorce by mutual consent hence X files a suit against Y. Decide.

Option: 1

X cannot file a suit since he is a judge


Option: 2

X can file a suit against Y in legal capacity but not as a judge


Option: 3

X cannot file a divorce suit against Y since there is no valid ground for divorce


Option: 4

X can proceed with mutual consent but not contested divorce


Read the passage and answer the question that follow.

In the case of M/S Halonex Limited, 59-A Noida vs State of U.P., it was held that “In reply to the aforesaid submission, learned counsel for opposite party no.2 submitted that the case of the applicants that no amount is due from their side to the complainant is a matter of defence which cannot be considered at this stage. It has been submitted that the term 'entrustment' as used in Section 405 IPC has been given a wider interpretation. It has been submitted that the goods returned by the complainant to the Company for replacement or for reimbursement would be deemed to have been entrusted to the Company and as the applicants 2 & 3 were handling its affair they become responsible. To buttress the said submission, the learned counsel for the complainant drew the attention of the Court to a decision of the Apex Court in the case of Ram Narayan Popli Vs. Central Bureau of Investigation: (2003) 3 SCC 641, wherein it was observed that: "the term "entrustment" is not necessarily a term of law. It may have different implications in different contexts. In its most general signification all it imports is the handing over possession for some purpose which may not imply the conferring of any proprietary right at all." Attention was also drawn to an observation made in the judgment of the aforesaid case, where it was observed that: "to establish the charge of criminal breach of trust, the prosecution is not obliged to prove the precise mode of conversion, misappropriation or misapplication by the accused of the property entrusted to him or over which he has dominion. The principal ingredient of the offence being dishonest misappropriation or conversion which may not ordinarily be a matter of direct proof, entrustment of property and failure in breach of an obligation to account for the property entrusted if proved, may, in the light of other circumstances, justifiably lead to an inference of dishonest misappropriation or conversion”.

Question:

X tracks down an expensive necklace on the road. Not knowing to whom it belongs. X sells it promptly to a jeweller without attempting to find the owner or submitting the necklace to the authorities. Decide the liability of X.

Option: 1

Extortion


Option: 2

Criminal breach of trust


Option: 3

Theft


Option: 4

Criminal misappropriation of Property


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