CLAT NLU Preference List 2025 - NLUs Ranking, Placement, How to Select NLUs

CLAT NLU Preference List 2025 - NLUs Ranking, Placement, How to Select NLUs

Edited By Shubham Bhakuni | Updated on May 21, 2025 03:26 PM IST | #CLAT

CLAT NLU Preference List 2025: The Consortium of National Law Universities (CNLU) has opened the window to submit CLAT 2025 NLU preferences on May 17, 2025. The CLAT 2025 counselling registration window will close on May 21, 2025 at 5:00 PM. Eligible candidates are advised to complete the formalities before 5 pm on May 21. Candidates who were shortlisted for the counselling process were required to fill in their NLU preference list at the time of counselling registration after publication of the result. At least 15 NLU preferences should be submitted in the NLU preference list. There is no limit on the maximum NLU preferences. The Consortium of NLUs has announced that candidates who registered for CLAT 2025 counselling as per the initial results but are no longer eligible due to the revised results will receive their counselling registration fee refund. Eligible candidates who had registered before and have qualified for the counselling as per the updated CLAT 2025 results can update their NLU preferences if they want, before the deadline for registration ends. Candidates who were eligible for the counselling based on the original results and remain eligible under the updated results, but have not yet registered, can still complete their registration by submitting their NLU preferences. However, candidates who have received the CLAT 2025 counselling invites based on the revised results are required to confirm their invites by logging in to complete registration and select their NLU preferences. Earlier, the consortium declared the CLAT 2025 revised result on May 17, 2025.

This Story also Contains
  1. CLAT NLU Preference 2025 - Important Dates
  2. CLAT NLU Preferences - List of Participating NLUs and Courses
  3. Selecting NLUs for admission preference - Important factors to consider
  4. Top Ranked NLUs in India 2025
  5. NLU Preferences as per CLAT 2025 Marks and Ranks
  6. CLAT 2025 NLU Preference List - Top 10 NLUs by Ranking & Placement
CLAT NLU Preference List 2025 - NLUs Ranking, Placement, How to Select NLUs
CLAT NLU Preference List 2025 - NLUs Ranking, Placement, How to Select NLUs

Two new universities have been added to the list of CLAT 2025 colleges, namely RPNLU Prayagraj and IIULER Goa. The two universities are now part of the consortium and will conduct their admission through the CLAT 2025 admission process. Read the complete article to know about the CLAT NLU preference list 2025, top NLUs accepting CLAT and more.

The CLAT NLU preference 2025 will determine the allotment for the candidates during the counselling. Creating the right preference for NLUs is very crucial as candidates can obtain seat allotment in only those NLUs that are part of their preferences. Through the Common Law Admission Test, candidates will be admitted into 5-year LLB and LLM programmes of participating NLUs.

UPES Integrated LLB Admissions 2025

Ranked #28 amongst Institutions in India by NIRF | Ranked #1 in India for Academic Reputation by QS Rankings | 16.6 LPA Highest CTC | Last Date to Apply: 29th May

ICFAI-LAW School BA-LLB / BBA-LLB Admissions 2025

Ranked 1 st among Top Law Schools of super Excellence in India - GHRDC | NAAC A+ Accredited | #36 by NIRF

Earlier, the consortium had closed the CLAT counselling registration window on December 20. Candidates were allowed to submit the NLU preference list 2025 through their login. The consortium declared the CLAT 2025 result on December 7, 2024. The consortium conducted CLAT 2025 on December 1, 2024.

CLAT NLU Preference 2025 - Important Dates

ParticularsDates

CLAT 2025 exam

December 1, 2024

Declaration of CLAT 2025 result

December 7, 2024

CLAT counseling registration opens

December 9, 4 pm

CLAT counselling registration closesDecember 20, 10 pm
CLAT 2025 revised resultMay 17, 2025 (Out)
CLAT 2025 Counselling restartsMay 17, 2025, 4 pm
Last to register for counselling
May 21, 2025, 5 pm

How to give NLU preferences for CLAT 2025?

To provide their NLU preference list, candidates must log in to their account on the consortium's website. Given below are three simple steps to do give NLU preferences.

  • Log in to your CLAT 2025 account

  • Click on the counselling registration option.

  • Click on Update preferences

  • Select the NLUs in the order of preference

CLAT 2025 College Predictor
Know your admission chances in National Law Universities based on your home state & exam result for All India Category & State Category seat.
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  • Submit the list of preferences and save your counselling registration form.

Symbiosis Law School Pune Admissions 2025

NAAC A++ Accredited | Ranked #5 by NIRF

MAHE Bengaluru Law 2025

Accorded Institution of Eminence by MoE, Govt. of India | NAAC A++ Grade | Ranked #4 India by NIRF 2024

CLAT NLU Preferences - List of Participating NLUs and Courses

24 NLUs are participating in CLAT 2025, but many of these offer more than one integrated LLB course. Candidates can check the complete NLU preference list as given by the Consortium of NLUs below in a table. It must be noted that RPNLU Prayagraj and IIULER Goa now participate in CLAT. However, candidates have to separately apply to the institute.

CLAT NLUs 2025

NLU NameCourses

NLSIU Bengaluru

BA LLB Hons, LLM

NALSAR Hyderabad

BA LLB Hons, LLM

NLIU Bhopal

BA LLB (Hons), B.Sc LLB (Hons), LLM

WBNUJS Kolkata

BA LLB (Hons), BSc LLB (Hons), LLM

NLU Jodhpur

BA LLB (Hons), BBA LLB (Hons), LLM

HNLU Raipur

BA LLB (Hons), LLM

GNLU Gandhinagar

BA LLB (Hons), B.Com LLB (Hons), BBA LLB (Hons), BSc LLB (Hons), BSW LLB (Hons), LLM

GNLU Silvassa Campus

BA LLB(Hons), LLM

RMLNLU Lucknow

BA LLB(Hons), LLM

RGNUL Patiala

BA LLB (Hons), LLM

CNLU Patna

BA LLB (Hons), BBA LLB (Hons)

NUALS Kochi

BA LLB (Hons), LLM

NLUO, Odisha, Cuttack

BA LLB (Hons), BBA LLB (Hons), LLM

NUSRL Ranchi

BA LLB (Hons), LLM

NLUJA Assam, Guwahati

BA LLB (Hons), LLM

DSNLU Visakhapatnam

BA LLB (Hons), LLM

TNNLU Tiruchirapalli

BA LLB (Hons), B.Com LLB (Hons), LLM

MNLU Mumbai

BA LLB (Hons), LLM

MNLU Aurangabad

BA LLB (Hons), BBA LLB (Hons),LLM

HPNLU Shimla

BA LLB (Hons), BBA LLB (Hons), LLM

DNLU Jabalpur

BA LLB (Hons), LLM

DBRANLU, Sonipat, Haryana

BA LLB (Hons)

MNLU Nagpur

BA LLB (Hons), BBA LLB (Hons), LLM

NLUT Agartala

BA LLB (Hons), LLM

RPNLU PrayagrajBA LLB (Hons.)
IIULER GoaBA LLB (Hons.), BBA LLB (Hons.), LLM

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Selecting NLUs for admission preference - Important factors to consider

While filling candidates have to select the NLUs in order of preference. That means, if they want to gain admission to NLSIU Bengaluru, they should come in first place in the NLU preference list. The second preference should be given to the second most preferred NLU. Candidates are advised to include all NLUs in their preference list to maximise their chances of securing admission.

Among all the NLUs, the top-ranked universities are easy to pick. But there are NLUs that do not show excellent placement records but are good in infrastructure, student-faculty ratio. Students can add such NLUs to their preference list after the top 10 NLUs. Some NLUs like NLU Tripura, NLU Aurangabad, and HNLU Shimla are newly established universities. These NLUs can be given lower down the preference list. Candidates can meanwhile check the complete list of NLU preferences below, which has been created after analysing various factors including placement, location, student preference etc.

Given below are the important factors to be considered while providing the NLU preference list:

  • Courses and seats offered by NLUs

  • Eligibility criteria for admission to the law programme

  • Ranking of national law universities (NLUs) in various ranking parameters

  • College and faculty reviews of NLUs

  • Previous year cut-offs of NLUs

  • Placement records

  • Alumni base and establishment year

  • Location

Top Ranked NLUs in India 2025

The National Institutional Ranking Framework (NIRF) released by the Ministry of Education provides rankings of the top law schools in India. The NIRF Law Rankings 2024 provides a list of the top 40 law colleges in India. These include 25 government law colleges and 15 private law colleges. Among the government colleges, 16 are National Law Universities, of which 15 accept CLAT. So, candidates appearing in the Common Law Admission Test (CLAT) can refer to the rank-wise list of NLUs to prepare the NLU preference list.

NIRF Ranking for National Law Universities 2024

NameCityStateScoreRank
National Law School of India UniversityBengaluruKarnataka83.831
National Law UniversityNew DelhiDelhi77.482
NALSAR University of LawHyderabadTelangana77.053
The West Bengal National University of Juridical SciencesKolkataWest Bengal76.394
Gujarat National Law UniversityGandhinagarGujarat69.568
Dr. Ram Manohar Lohiya National Law UniversityLucknowUttar Pradesh55.9220
National Law Institute University, BhopalBhopalMadhya Pradesh55.6421
National University of Study and Research in LawRanchiJharkhand55.5222
The Rajiv Gandhi National University of LawPatialaPunjab54.724
National Law University, CuttackCuttackOdisha54.4926
National Law University and Judicial AcademyKamrupAssam53.3927
Maharashtra National Law University, MumbaiMumbaiMaharashtra51.731
Chanakya National Law UniversityPatnaBihar51.731
Maharashtra National Law University, NagpurNagpurMaharashtra51.4334
National University of Advanced Legal Studies (NUALS)KochiKerala47.9638
Damodaram Sanjivayya National Law UniversityVisakhapatnamAndhra Pradesh47.9439

NLU Preferences as per CLAT 2025 Marks and Ranks

The table given below provides the list of top NLUs that can be submitted as part of their CLAT 2025 NLU preference list, depending on the scores and ranks obtained in the exam.

CLAT Score and Top NLUs

CLAT Ranks and Top NLUs

CLAT 2025 NLU Preference List - Top 10 NLUs by Ranking & Placement

Candidates should look at all the factors mentioned above before giving admission preference to a national law university. The top-tier NLUs like NLSIU Bengaluru, NALSAR Hyderabad and WBNUJS Kolkata are easy picks. However, candidates should look at ranking, placement records, alumni base, location and all other important factors for remaining NLUs. Below, we have given an NLUs list that students can refer to for creating their preference list.

NLU Preference List - Top 10 Recommended Colleges, Ranking & Placement

NameCityStateRankPlacements
National Law School of India UniversityBengaluruKarnataka1Rs. 16 LPA
NALSAR University of LawHyderabadTelangana3Rs. 16 LPA
The West Bengal National University of Juridical SciencesKolkataWest Bengal4Rs. 20 LPA
Gujarat National Law UniversityGandhinagarGujarat8Rs. 16 LPA
Dr. Ram Manohar Lohiya National Law UniversityLucknowUttar Pradesh20Rs. 7 LPA
National Law Institute University, BhopalBhopalMadhya Pradesh21Rs. 16 LPA
National University of Study and Research in LawRanchiJharkhand22Rs. 10 LPA
The Rajiv Gandhi National University of LawPatialaPunjab24Rs. 9 LPA
National Law University, CuttackCuttackOdisha26Rs. 14.5 LPA

You may also check:

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

1. When should a candidate provide NLU preferences?

Candidates can provide NLU preference list at the time of completing the CLAT 2025 counselling registration.

2. Which is the top ranked NLU in India?

As per NIRF law rankings 2024, NLSIU Bengaluru is the number one ranked NLU in India.

3. Is it compulsory to provide NLU preference list?

Yes, it is mandatory to provide NLU preference list. Candidates will be considered for admission in only those NLUs which they mention in the NLU preference list

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Questions related to CLAT

Have a question related to CLAT ?

Hello,

With a CLAT AIR 3924 and EWS rank 306, and having Bihar domicile, you have a fair chance of getting into some of the Tier 3 NLUs . Based on your rank and interest to explore all fields of law, here are some better options among Tier 3 NLUs:

  • CNLU Patna – Since you have Bihar domicile, this is your best chance. Also, it's closer to home, and the exposure is better compared to other Tier 3 NLUs.

  • HNLU Raipur – You might get it in later rounds. It has decent exposure and growing opportunities.

  • DSNLU Visakhapatnam – It’s improving slowly, and the placements are also picking up.

  • MNLU Nagpur or Aurangabad – These are new but have decent faculty and infrastructure. Placement is still developing.

What Can you do to get Seat :-

  • Keep CNLU as first preference due to your domicile and good chance.

  • After that, go for HNLU, DSNLU, MNLUs, and others based on seat availability.

  • Since you want to explore all fields of law, look for NLUs with active societies, mooting culture, internships, and alumni network.

Hope it helps !

Hello there,

With an All India Rank (AIR) of 3924 and EWS category rank 306 in CLAT, here’s what you can generally expect:

  • You have a good chance of admission in some of the newer or less competitive NLUs .

  • Admission in top NLUs like NLSIU Bangalore, NALSAR Hyderabad, NUJS Kolkata, WBNUJS Kolkata, or NLU Delhi may be difficult, as their closing ranks are usually within the top 1000 or so.

  • You can expect better chances at NLUs like:

    • NLIU Bhopal

    • NLU Jodhpur

    • HNLU Raipur

    • GNLU Gandhinagar

    • RMLNLU Lucknow

    • CNLU Patna

These NLUs often have closing ranks ranging from around 2000 to 5000 for EWS category, so your rank fits well within this range.


I hope this answer helps you. If you have more queries, feel free to share your questions with us, and we will be happy to assist you.

Thank you, and I wish you all the best in your bright future.

Hello there,

With a CLAT 2025 All India Rank of 12,400 in the SC category , securing admission to the top National Law Universities (NLUs) is unlikely, as their SC category cut-offs typically fall within the 3,000–6,000 rank range.

However, you still have viable options:

NLUs with Higher SC Category Cut-Offs

Some NLUs have historically admitted SC category candidates with ranks beyond 12,000. For instance, Chanakya National Law University (CNLU), Patna has had SC category closing ranks around 13,248 .  Similarly, National University of Study and Research in Law (NUSRL), Ranchi and Damodaram Sanjivayya National Law University (DSNLU), Visakhapatnam have had higher closing ranks for SC candidates.

Private Law Colleges Accepting CLAT Scores

Several private institutions accept CLAT scores and may offer admission at your rank. These include:

  • UPES Dehradun

  • ICFAI Law School, Hyderabad

  • Alliance University, Bangalore

  • Amity Law School

  • Bennett University

These universities often have their own selection criteria and may offer scholarships, especially for SC category students.

Recommendations

  • Participate in CLAT Counselling : Even if top NLUs are out of reach, you might secure a seat in NLUs with higher SC category cut-offs.

  • Explore Private Institutions : Apply to private law colleges that accept CLAT scores and inquire about scholarship opportunities.

  • Consider State Law Colleges : Some state law colleges conduct their own entrance exams or have separate quotas for SC candidates.


I hope this answer helps you. If you have more queries, feel free to share your questions with us, and we will be happy to assist you.

Thank you, and I wish you all the best in your bright future.


Hello there,

With a CLAT 2025 rank of 12,400 in the SC category , your chances of getting into a top National Law University (NLU) are low , but you still have a small chance in lower-ranked NLUs , especially in later rounds or if seats remain vacant.

Possible NLUs (based on past trends for SC category):

  1. NUSRL, Ranchi

  2. CNLU, Patna

  3. DSNLU, Visakhapatnam

  4. MNLU, Nagpur or Aurangabad

  5. HNLU, Raipur (less likely, but worth applying)

    What You Should Do:

  • Register for CLAT Counselling – Participate in all rounds.

  • Keep an eye on vacancy/floating rounds .

  • Also apply to private law colleges accepting CLAT scores like UPES, Amity, ICFAI, etc.


I hope this answer helps you. If you have more queries, feel free to share your questions with us, and we will be happy to assist you.

Thank you, and I wish you all the best in your bright future.


Hello there,

CLAT 2025 (revised) – Deepanshu Samaddar

  • Score: 99.5 percentile

  • All India Rank (AIR): 18

Deepanshu’s excellent performance places him among the top candidates in CLAT 2025, making him eligible for admission into premier National Law Universities (NLUs) across India. This rank opens opportunities in prestigious institutions like NLSIU Bangalore, NALSAR Hyderabad, and NLUs at Hyderabad, Kolkata, and more.


I hope this answer helps you. If you have more queries, feel free to share your questions with us, and we will be happy to assist you.

Thank you, and I wish you all the best in your bright future.

View All

Read the passage carefully and answer the question

The Contract should be performed by the promisor himself. However, in certain cases, it can also be performed by his agents or legal representatives. It all depends upon the intention of the parties. Normally a contract can be performed by the following persons. 

  1. Promisor himself: If from the nature of the contract it appears that it was the intention of the parties that the promise should be performed by the promisor himself, such promise must be performed by the promisor. This usually applies to contracts involving personal skill, task, or artwork. 
  2. Promisor or his Agent: Where the contract does not involve the personal skill of the promisor, the contract could be performed by the promisor himself or by any competent person employed by him for the purpose, 
  3. Legal Representatives: The contracts which do not involve any personal skill or taste, may be performed by his legal representative after the death of the promisor.
  4. Third Person: In some cases, a contract may be performed by a third person provided the promisee accepts the arrangement. According to Section 41 of the Indian Contract Act, once the promisee accepts the performance from a third person, he cannot compel the promisor to perform the contract again. 
  5. Performance of Joint Promises: According to section 42 of the Indian Contract Act, when two or more persons have made a joint promise, the joint promisors must fulfill the promise jointly during their lifetime. And if any one of them dies, then his legal representatives and survivors must jointly fulfill the promise. 

Section 43 of the Indian Contract Act further provides that unless a contrary intention appears from the contract, each joint promisor may compel every other joint promisor to contribute equally to the performance of the promise. If any joint promisor makes a default in such contribution, the remaining joint promisors must bear the loss arising from such default in equal shares.

Question:

Aman received a box of chocolates from Basant and promised to pay Rupees 5000. Later on, A becomes bankrupt. Chetan who is a friend of Aman pays rupees 1000 to Besant on behalf of Aman. Aman is not aware of such a transaction. In civil court, insolvency proceedings have started against Aman. Meanwhile, Basant has also applied for a recovery of 5000 rupees. Decide.

Option: 1

Basant is entitled to recover the amount of 5000 from Aman.


Option: 2

Basant is entitled to recover the amount of 4000 from Aman.


Option: 3

Chetan is entitled to recover the amount of 1000 from Basant.


Option: 4

Basant cannot recover any amount from Aman as he has become insolvent.


Read the passage carefully and answer the question

The Contract should be performed by the promisor himself. However, in certain cases, it can also be performed by his agents or legal representatives. It all depends upon the intention of the parties. Normally a contract can be performed by the following persons. 

  1. Promisor himself: If from the nature of the contract it appears that it was the intention of the parties that the promise should be performed by the promisor himself, such promise must be performed by the promisor. This usually applies to contracts involving personal skill, task, or artwork. 
  2. Promisor or his Agent: Where the contract does not involve the personal skill of the promisor, the contract could be performed by the promisor himself or by any competent person employed by him for the purpose, 
  3. Legal Representatives: The contracts which do not involve any personal skill or taste, may be performed by his legal representative after the death of the promisor.
  4. Third Person: In some cases, a contract may be performed by a third person provided the promisee accepts the arrangement. According to Section 41 of the Indian Contract Act, once the promisee accepts the performance from a third person, he cannot compel the promisor to perform the contract again. 
  5. Performance of Joint Promises: According to section 42 of the Indian Contract Act, when two or more persons have made a joint promise, the joint promisors must fulfill the promise jointly during their lifetime. And if any one of them dies, then his legal representatives and survivors must jointly fulfill the promise. 

Section 43 of the Indian Contract Act further provides that unless a contrary intention appears from the contract, each joint promisor may compel every other joint promisor to contribute equally to the performance of the promise. If any joint promisor makes a default in such contribution, the remaining joint promisors must bear the loss arising from such default in equal shares.

Question:

K promises to paint a picture for L on a certain day, at a certain price. K dies before the day of the contract. Decide. 

Option: 1

The contract can be enforced by K’s representative 


Option: 2

The contract can be enforced by L


Option: 3

The contract can be enforced either by K’s representation or by L 


Option: 4

The contract cannot be enforced either by K’s representative, or L


Read the passage carefully and answer the question

The Contract should be performed by the promisor himself. However, in certain cases, it can also be performed by his agents or legal representatives. It all depends upon the intention of the parties. Normally a contract can be performed by the following persons. 

  1. Promisor himself: If from the nature of the contract it appears that it was the intention of the parties that the promise should be performed by the promisor himself, such promise must be performed by the promisor. This usually applies to contracts involving personal skill, task, or artwork. 
  2. Promisor or his Agent: Where the contract does not involve the personal skill of the promisor, the contract could be performed by the promisor himself or by any competent person employed by him for the purpose, 
  3. Legal Representatives: The contracts which do not involve any personal skill or taste, may be performed by his legal representative after the death of the promisor.
  4. Third Person: In some cases, a contract may be performed by a third person provided the promisee accepts the arrangement. According to Section 41 of the Indian Contract Act, once the promisee accepts the performance from a third person, he cannot compel the promisor to perform the contract again. 
  5. Performance of Joint Promises: According to section 42 of the Indian Contract Act, when two or more persons have made a joint promise, the joint promisors must fulfill the promise jointly during their lifetime. And if any one of them dies, then his legal representatives and survivors must jointly fulfill the promise. 

Section 43 of the Indian Contract Act further provides that unless a contrary intention appears from the contract, each joint promisor may compel every other joint promisor to contribute equally to the performance of the promise. If any joint promisor makes a default in such contribution, the remaining joint promisors must bear the loss arising from such default in equal shares.

Question:

Rohan has agreed to manage the catering services during the marriage of Sohan’s son Ramu. On the day of marriage, Rohan felt ill and sent his manager to the management of catering services. Ramu happily gets married to Tina and people appreciated the food and decoration of the event. When Rohan asked Sohan for the remaining amount, he denied it because Rohan himself had not managed so it is a breach. Decide.

 

Option: 1

Rohan is not entitled to get the remaining amount due to a breach of contract.


Option: 2

Rohan is entitled to sue Sohan for the remaining amount.


Option: 3

Rohan is entitled to sue Ramu because it was his marriage.


Option: 4

Instead of Rohan, his manager can only sue Sohan for the breach.


Read the passage and answer the question that follow.

Natural justice is another name for common sense justice rules of natural justice are not in codified form these principles are embedded or ingrained or inbuilt in the conscience of human beings. It supplies the omission made in codified law and helps in the administration of justice. Natural justice is not only confined to ‘fairness’ it will take many shades and colours based on the context. Thus natural justice apart from ‘fairness’ also implies reasonableness, equity and equality. They are neither cast in a rigid mould nor can they be put in a legal straitjacket. These principles written by nature in the heart of mankind, they are immutable, inviolable, and inalienable.

It is true that the concept of natural justice is not very clear and, therefore, it is not possible to define it; yet the principles of natural justice are accepted and enforced. In the case of Ridge V. Baldwin Court observed that “in modern times have sometimes been expressed to the effect that natural justice is as vague as to be practically meaningless. But I would regard these as tainted by the perennial fallacy that because something cannot be cut and dried or nicely weighed or measured therefore it does not exist”. The term natural justice signifies fundamental rules of judicial procedure and fair play in action. According to Lord Widgery “the principles of natural justice were those fundamental rules; the breach will prevent justice from being seen to be done”. Earliest expression of ‘natural justice’ could be found in the philosophical expression of Roman Jurist (jus natural) and signified rules and principles for the conduct of man which were independent of enacted law or customs and could be discovered by the rational intelligence of man and would grow out of and conform to his nature.

The rule against bias that surfaced in 1610 in Dr Bonham's Casewhere Chief Justice Coke went so far as to say that the Court could declare an Act of Parliament void if it made a man as judge in his own cause, or otherwise ‘against common right and reason’. This was one of his grounds for disallowing the claim of the College of Physicians to fine and imprison Doctor Bonham, a Doctor of Physics of Cambridge University, for practising in the city of London without the licence of College of Physicians. The statute under which the College acted provided that fines should go half to the King half to the College so that the College had a financial interest in its own judgement and was judged in its own cause.

Question:

X is a student of a college and his father Y is a professor in the same college. In one instance, X is caught to be involved in unparliamentary activities inside the college campus. The enquiry committee is set up and Y is appointed as the head of the committee. Decide.

Option: 1

Y is a professor of the same college hence he can become a member of the enquiry committee


Option: 2

Y is X’s father hence he should not be a part of the enquiry committee


Option: 3

Y can be a part of the enquiry committee but cannot be its head


Option: 4

There is no rule that prevents the appointment of Y until he fulfils his function diligently


Read the passage and answer the question that follow.

Natural justice is another name for common sense justice rules of natural justice are not in codified form these principles are embedded or ingrained or inbuilt in the conscience of human beings. It supplies the omission made in codified law and helps in the administration of justice. Natural justice is not only confined to ‘fairness’ it will take many shades and colours based on the context. Thus natural justice apart from ‘fairness’ also implies reasonableness, equity and equality. They are neither cast in a rigid mould nor can they be put in a legal straitjacket. These principles written by nature in the heart of mankind, they are immutable, inviolable, and inalienable.

It is true that the concept of natural justice is not very clear and, therefore, it is not possible to define it; yet the principles of natural justice are accepted and enforced. In the case of Ridge V. Baldwin Court observed that “in modern times have sometimes been expressed to the effect that natural justice is as vague as to be practically meaningless. But I would regard these as tainted by the perennial fallacy that because something cannot be cut and dried or nicely weighed or measured therefore it does not exist”. The term natural justice signifies fundamental rules of judicial procedure and fair play in action. According to Lord Widgery “the principles of natural justice were those fundamental rules; the breach will prevent justice from being seen to be done”. Earliest expression of ‘natural justice’ could be found in the philosophical expression of Roman Jurist (jus natural) and signified rules and principles for the conduct of man which were independent of enacted law or customs and could be discovered by the rational intelligence of man and would grow out of and conform to his nature.

The rule against bias that surfaced in 1610 in Dr Bonham's Casewhere Chief Justice Coke went so far as to say that the Court could declare an Act of Parliament void if it made a man as judge in his own cause, or otherwise ‘against common right and reason’. This was one of his grounds for disallowing the claim of the College of Physicians to fine and imprison Doctor Bonham, a Doctor of Physics of Cambridge University, for practising in the city of London without the licence of College of Physicians. The statute under which the College acted provided that fines should go half to the King half to the College so that the College had a financial interest in its own judgement and was judged in its own cause.

Question:

Mr X is an employee of a corporate office. His wife Y is a judge. In one instance, X is found to be involved in a money laundering case at his office. The office now files a suit and Y is appointed as the judge for this case. Decide.

Option: 1

Y is a judge by herself, hence can be appointed to adjudicate this case


Option: 2

Y is can be appointed as a judge only if she fulfils her responsibilities without any bias


Option: 3

Y can adjudicate the case and if the company finds the penalty to be insufficient then they can appeal against it


Option: 4

Y cannot be the judge in this case ab initio


Read the passage and answer the question that follow.

Natural justice is another name for common sense justice rules of natural justice are not in codified form these principles are embedded or ingrained or inbuilt in the conscience of human beings. It supplies the omission made in codified law and helps in the administration of justice. Natural justice is not only confined to ‘fairness’ it will take many shades and colours based on the context. Thus natural justice apart from ‘fairness’ also implies reasonableness, equity and equality. They are neither cast in a rigid mould nor can they be put in a legal straitjacket. These principles written by nature in the heart of mankind, they are immutable, inviolable, and inalienable.

It is true that the concept of natural justice is not very clear and, therefore, it is not possible to define it; yet the principles of natural justice are accepted and enforced. In the case of Ridge V. Baldwin Court observed that “in modern times have sometimes been expressed to the effect that natural justice is as vague as to be practically meaningless. But I would regard these as tainted by the perennial fallacy that because something cannot be cut and dried or nicely weighed or measured therefore it does not exist”. The term natural justice signifies fundamental rules of judicial procedure and fair play in action. According to Lord Widgery “the principles of natural justice were those fundamental rules; the breach will prevent justice from being seen to be done”. Earliest expression of ‘natural justice’ could be found in the philosophical expression of Roman Jurist (jus natural) and signified rules and principles for the conduct of man which were independent of enacted law or customs and could be discovered by the rational intelligence of man and would grow out of and conform to his nature.

The rule against bias that surfaced in 1610 in Dr Bonham's Casewhere Chief Justice Coke went so far as to say that the Court could declare an Act of Parliament void if it made a man as judge in his own cause, or otherwise ‘against common right and reason’. This was one of his grounds for disallowing the claim of the College of Physicians to fine and imprison Doctor Bonham, a Doctor of Physics of Cambridge University, for practising in the city of London without the licence of College of Physicians. The statute under which the College acted provided that fines should go half to the King half to the College so that the College had a financial interest in its own judgement and was judged in its own cause.

Question:

X was a renowned cricketer in the 1980s. His son Y is a struggling cricketer who has been trying to get into the national team for many years. In the year 2020, X is appointed as a member of the selection committee. In the match which is supposed to decide the final team of the nation, Y scores a century and Z scores 65 runs. However, Z is selected to represent India and Y is not. Y now appeals against the decision, the main ground being the presence of X in the committee. Decide.

Option: 1

The appeal will stand as Y scored a century yet Z was selected after scoring 65 runs


Option: 2

The appeal will be quashed since X’s presence should have benefitted Y, but it didn’t, hence the rejection of Y is valid


Option: 3

The appeal will stand as X’s presence is a factor of bias


Option: 4

The appeal will be quashed since X was a renowned cricketer


Read the passage and answer the question that follow.

Natural justice is another name for common sense justice rules of natural justice are not in codified form these principles are embedded or ingrained or inbuilt in the conscience of human beings. It supplies the omission made in codified law and helps in the administration of justice. Natural justice is not only confined to ‘fairness’ it will take many shades and colours based on the context. Thus natural justice apart from ‘fairness’ also implies reasonableness, equity and equality. They are neither cast in a rigid mould nor can they be put in a legal straitjacket. These principles written by nature in the heart of mankind, they are immutable, inviolable, and inalienable.

It is true that the concept of natural justice is not very clear and, therefore, it is not possible to define it; yet the principles of natural justice are accepted and enforced. In the case of Ridge V. Baldwin Court observed that “in modern times have sometimes been expressed to the effect that natural justice is as vague as to be practically meaningless. But I would regard these as tainted by the perennial fallacy that because something cannot be cut and dried or nicely weighed or measured therefore it does not exist”. The term natural justice signifies fundamental rules of judicial procedure and fair play in action. According to Lord Widgery “the principles of natural justice were those fundamental rules; the breach will prevent justice from being seen to be done”. Earliest expression of ‘natural justice’ could be found in the philosophical expression of Roman Jurist (jus natural) and signified rules and principles for the conduct of man which were independent of enacted law or customs and could be discovered by the rational intelligence of man and would grow out of and conform to his nature.

The rule against bias that surfaced in 1610 in Dr Bonham's Casewhere Chief Justice Coke went so far as to say that the Court could declare an Act of Parliament void if it made a man as judge in his own cause, or otherwise ‘against common right and reason’. This was one of his grounds for disallowing the claim of the College of Physicians to fine and imprison Doctor Bonham, a Doctor of Physics of Cambridge University, for practising in the city of London without the licence of College of Physicians. The statute under which the College acted provided that fines should go half to the King half to the College so that the College had a financial interest in its own judgement and was judged in its own cause.

Question:

X is a married judge who is well known for his honesty in the entire city. He has a son Y. One fine day Y gets kidnapped and the kidnapper demands a sum of 20 lakhs from X. However, the kidnapper is caught by the police. X is now appointed as the judge for the hearing of the kidnapper. Decide.

Option: 1

X can be the judge since he can decide the punishment better as he was the sufferer


Option: 2

X cannot be the judge since there is a possibility that he will be biased while delivering the judgement


Option: 3

X can be the judge since he is renowned for his honesty and fulfil his duties


Option: 4

X can be the judge but his statement can be appealed against if delivered with bias


Read the passage and answer the question that follow.

Natural justice is another name for common sense justice rules of natural justice are not in codified form these principles are embedded or ingrained or inbuilt in the conscience of human beings. It supplies the omission made in codified law and helps in the administration of justice. Natural justice is not only confined to ‘fairness’ it will take many shades and colours based on the context. Thus natural justice apart from ‘fairness’ also implies reasonableness, equity and equality. They are neither cast in a rigid mould nor can they be put in a legal straitjacket. These principles written by nature in the heart of mankind, they are immutable, inviolable, and inalienable.

It is true that the concept of natural justice is not very clear and, therefore, it is not possible to define it; yet the principles of natural justice are accepted and enforced. In the case of Ridge V. Baldwin Court observed that “in modern times have sometimes been expressed to the effect that natural justice is as vague as to be practically meaningless. But I would regard these as tainted by the perennial fallacy that because something cannot be cut and dried or nicely weighed or measured therefore it does not exist”. The term natural justice signifies fundamental rules of judicial procedure and fair play in action. According to Lord Widgery “the principles of natural justice were those fundamental rules; the breach will prevent justice from being seen to be done”. Earliest expression of ‘natural justice’ could be found in the philosophical expression of Roman Jurist (jus natural) and signified rules and principles for the conduct of man which were independent of enacted law or customs and could be discovered by the rational intelligence of man and would grow out of and conform to his nature.

The rule against bias that surfaced in 1610 in Dr Bonham's Casewhere Chief Justice Coke went so far as to say that the Court could declare an Act of Parliament void if it made a man as judge in his own cause, or otherwise ‘against common right and reason’. This was one of his grounds for disallowing the claim of the College of Physicians to fine and imprison Doctor Bonham, a Doctor of Physics of Cambridge University, for practising in the city of London without the licence of College of Physicians. The statute under which the College acted provided that fines should go half to the King half to the College so that the College had a financial interest in its own judgement and was judged in its own cause.

Question:

X and Y have been married for five years. X is a judge and Y is a doctor. X is pretty much unhappy with his married life so he wants to divorce Y. Y refuses to agree to a divorce by mutual consent hence X files a suit against Y. Decide.

Option: 1

X cannot file a suit since he is a judge


Option: 2

X can file a suit against Y in legal capacity but not as a judge


Option: 3

X cannot file a divorce suit against Y since there is no valid ground for divorce


Option: 4

X can proceed with mutual consent but not contested divorce


Read the passage and answer the question that follow.

In the case of M/S Halonex Limited, 59-A Noida vs State of U.P., it was held that “In reply to the aforesaid submission, learned counsel for opposite party no.2 submitted that the case of the applicants that no amount is due from their side to the complainant is a matter of defence which cannot be considered at this stage. It has been submitted that the term 'entrustment' as used in Section 405 IPC has been given a wider interpretation. It has been submitted that the goods returned by the complainant to the Company for replacement or for reimbursement would be deemed to have been entrusted to the Company and as the applicants 2 & 3 were handling its affair they become responsible. To buttress the said submission, the learned counsel for the complainant drew the attention of the Court to a decision of the Apex Court in the case of Ram Narayan Popli Vs. Central Bureau of Investigation: (2003) 3 SCC 641, wherein it was observed that: "the term "entrustment" is not necessarily a term of law. It may have different implications in different contexts. In its most general signification all it imports is the handing over possession for some purpose which may not imply the conferring of any proprietary right at all." Attention was also drawn to an observation made in the judgment of the aforesaid case, where it was observed that: "to establish the charge of criminal breach of trust, the prosecution is not obliged to prove the precise mode of conversion, misappropriation or misapplication by the accused of the property entrusted to him or over which he has dominion. The principal ingredient of the offence being dishonest misappropriation or conversion which may not ordinarily be a matter of direct proof, entrustment of property and failure in breach of an obligation to account for the property entrusted if proved, may, in the light of other circumstances, justifiably lead to an inference of dishonest misappropriation or conversion”.

Question:

X tracks down an expensive necklace on the road. Not knowing to whom it belongs. X sells it promptly to a jeweller without attempting to find the owner or submitting the necklace to the authorities. Decide the liability of X.

Option: 1

Extortion


Option: 2

Criminal breach of trust


Option: 3

Theft


Option: 4

Criminal misappropriation of Property


Read the passage and answer the question that follow.

In the case of M/S Halonex Limited, 59-A Noida vs State of U.P., it was held that “In reply to the aforesaid submission, learned counsel for opposite party no.2 submitted that the case of the applicants that no amount is due from their side to the complainant is a matter of defence which cannot be considered at this stage. It has been submitted that the term 'entrustment' as used in Section 405 IPC has been given a wider interpretation. It has been submitted that the goods returned by the complainant to the Company for replacement or for reimbursement would be deemed to have been entrusted to the Company and as the applicants 2 & 3 were handling its affair they become responsible. To buttress the said submission, the learned counsel for the complainant drew the attention of the Court to a decision of the Apex Court in the case of Ram Narayan Popli Vs. Central Bureau of Investigation: (2003) 3 SCC 641, wherein it was observed that: "the term "entrustment" is not necessarily a term of law. It may have different implications in different contexts. In its most general signification all it imports is the handing over possession for some purpose which may not imply the conferring of any proprietary right at all." Attention was also drawn to an observation made in the judgment of the aforesaid case, where it was observed that: "to establish the charge of criminal breach of trust, the prosecution is not obliged to prove the precise mode of conversion, misappropriation or misapplication by the accused of the property entrusted to him or over which he has dominion. The principal ingredient of the offence being dishonest misappropriation or conversion which may not ordinarily be a matter of direct proof, entrustment of property and failure in breach of an obligation to account for the property entrusted if proved, may, in the light of other circumstances, justifiably lead to an inference of dishonest misappropriation or conversion”.

Question:

P borrows from L his phone for using it to call his parents. However, when L is distracted, P removes the memory card of the phone and later on sells it. Decide the liability of P.

Option: 1

P is guilty under dishonest misappropriation of property

 


Option: 2

P is not guilty for any offence since the phone was given with consent


Option: 3

P is guilty for theft


Option: 4

P has been handed over the phone, so he has the right to use it as he likes


Lawyer

A lawyer is a professional who practises law. An Individual in the lawyer career path defends his or her client's cases and makes arguments on his or her behalf in both criminal and civil proceedings. A lawyer may advise and assist clients on how they should handle their legal issues. An individual as a career in law in India is considered one of the most sought-after careers.

A lawyer's job requires inhibiting skills. It involves practical applications of abstract legal theories and knowledge to solve specialised individual problems or to facilitate the interests of those who hire a lawyer to perform legal services. Here, in this article, we will discuss how to become a lawyer after 10th, is lawyer a good career in India, and how to become a lawyer in India.

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