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क्लैट सैंपल पेपर 2025 (CLAT Sample Paper 2025 in hindi) - पिछले वर्ष के सैंपल पेपर डाउनलोड करें

क्लैट सैंपल पेपर 2025 (CLAT Sample Paper 2025 in hindi) - पिछले वर्ष के सैंपल पेपर डाउनलोड करें

Edited By Mithilesh Kumar | Updated on Sep 10, 2024 05:27 PM IST | #CLAT
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एनएलयू का कंसोर्टियम अपनी आधिकारिक वेबसाइट पर क्लैट सैंपल पेपर 2025 प्रकाशित करेगा। उम्मीदवार आधिकारिक वेबसाइट consortiumofnlus.ac.in पर जाकर और अपने उपयोगकर्ता क्रेडेंशियल्स के साथ लॉग इन करके क्लैट 2025 सैंपल पेपर तक पहुंच सकते हैं। उम्मीदवारों के लिए 10 क्लैट मॉक टेस्ट पीडीएफ Careers360 द्वारा बनाया गया एक अतिरिक्त शिक्षण संसाधन है जिसे निःशुल्क डाउनलोड किया जा सकता है।

क्लैट सैंपल पेपर 2025 (CLAT Sample Paper 2025 in hindi) - पिछले वर्ष के सैंपल पेपर डाउनलोड करें
क्लैट सैंपल पेपर 2025 (CLAT Sample Paper 2025 in hindi) - पिछले वर्ष के सैंपल पेपर डाउनलोड करें

पिछले रुझानों को देखते हुए, कंसोर्टियम से चार क्लैट मॉडल पेपर 2025 प्रकाशित करने की उम्मीद है। एनएलयू का संघ क्लैट यूजी के साथ-साथ क्लैट पीजी के सैंपल पेपर भी जारी करेगा। क्लैट के मॉडल पेपर में नवीनतम क्लैट पाठ्यक्रम के आधार पर मॉक क्वेश्चन शामिल हैं जो उम्मीदवार सामान्य कानून प्रवेश परीक्षा क्लैट की तैयारी कर रहे हैं, उन्हें परीक्षा पैटर्न से परिचित होने के लिए कंसोर्टियम द्वारा जारी क्लैट 2025 के मॉडल पेपर के साथ सैंपल पेपर का अभ्यास करना चाहिए। क्लैट 2025 का आयोजन 1 दिसंबर 2024 को किया जाएगा।

क्लैट सैंपल पेपर्स 2025: महत्वपूर्ण तिथियां (CLAT Sample Papers 2025: Important Dates)

कंसोर्टियम द्वारा क्लैट 2025 के चार सैंपल पेपर प्रकाशित करने की उम्मीद है। नीचे दी गई तालिका में सैंपल पेपर के रिलीज की संभावित तारीखों का उल्लेख किया गया है।

क्लैट 2025 सैंपल पेपर्स रिलीज की तारीखें (CLAT 2025 Sample Papers Release Dates)

विवरण

तिथियां (संभावित)

पहला सैंपल पेपर

अगस्त 2024 का पहला सप्ताह

दूसरा सैंपल पेपर

सितंबर 2024 का पहला सप्ताह

तीसरा सैंपल पेपर

अक्टूबर 2024 का पहला सप्ताह

चौथा सैंपल पेपर

अक्टूबर 2024 का चौथा सप्ताह

क्लैट 2025 परीक्षा तिथि

दिसंबर 2024 का पहला सप्ताह

क्लैट मॉडल पेपर को हल करने के लाभ (Benefits of Solving CLAT Sample Papers)

क्लैट सैंपल पेपर 2025 को हल करने से पहले याद रखने योग्य कुछ लाभकारी बिंदु नीचे सूचीबद्ध हैं।

परीक्षा के प्रारूप से परिचित होना (Familiarity with the Format of the Exam)

टॉपर्स के अनुसार, तैयारी में पहला कदम पेपर डिजाइन को समझना है। पैटर्न के बिना अपनी तैयारी को बेहतर ढंग से व्यवस्थित करना कठिन है। मॉडल पेपर के माध्यम से आप सेक्शन की संख्या और ग्रेडिंग योजना सहित क्लैट परीक्षा प्रारूप की पूरी समझ हासिल कर लेंगे। इसके अतिरिक्त, यह आपको यह निर्धारित करने में सहायता करेगा कि आप किस क्षेत्र में सबसे अधिक सहज हैं, ताकि आप अपने कमजोर क्षेत्रों को मजबूत करने का प्रयास कर सकें।

समय प्रबंधन बढ़ाएं (Enhance Time Management)

कॉमन लॉ एडमिशन टेस्ट अधिक से अधिक प्रतिस्पर्धी होता जा रहा है, इसलिए प्रवेश परीक्षा उत्तीर्ण करने के लिए समय प्रबंधन कौशल आवश्यक है। ध्यान रखें कि क्लैट समय प्रबंधन एक ऐसी प्रतिभा है जिसमें महारत हासिल करने में समय लगता है। बल्कि, आपको लगातार अभ्यास की आवश्यकता है! आप एग्जांपल पेपर के साथ अभ्यास करके बेहतर ढंग से समझ सकते हैं कि प्रत्येक सेक्शन और दिए गए सेक्शन के प्रश्नों पर कितना समय व्यतीत करना है। आपको परीक्षा के प्रत्येक सेक्शन में प्रत्येक प्रश्न के लिए समय आवंटित करना चाहिए क्योंकि इससे आप प्राथमिकता के क्रम में प्रश्नों को हल करने में सक्षम होंगे।

प्रैक्टिस की गई त्रुटियों को कम करने में मदद करता है (Helps in Reducing the Errors Made)

आप में से अधिकांश लोग बुनियादी गणित त्रुटि, अंतिम परीक्षा के दौरान पढ़े गए पाठ में 'नहीं' शामिल करना या प्रैक्टिस पेपर करने में गलतियां कर सकते हैं। ऐसी लापरवाह त्रुटियों से छुटकारा पाने के लिए कोई विशेष तरकीब या प्रक्रिया नहीं है। हालाँकि, जितना हो सके उतने उदाहरण पेपर का अभ्यास करके, आप ऐसी त्रुटियों की संभावना को कम कर सकते हैं। अभ्यास के साथ अंतिम परीक्षा में इन त्रुटियों से बचने की संभावना बढ़ जाती है।

ताकत और कमजोरियों का विश्लेषण करने में मदद करता है (Helps To Analyse Strengths and Weaknesses)

सामान्य तौर पर आप में से अधिकांश लोगों ने देखा होगा कि पाठ्यपुस्तक की समस्याओं का उत्तर देते समय, कुछ विषय सीधे और सरल होते हैं। दूसरी ओर, अंतिम परीक्षण में एक ही समस्या से निपटने से कई परिणाम प्राप्त हो सकते हैं। इसलिए, यह पता लगाने का एकमात्र तरीका है कि आप किसी विषय को अच्छी तरह से समझते हैं या नहीं, क्लैट मॉडल पेपर और पिछले वर्ष के प्रश्न पेपर को पूरा करना है। यह आपके फायदे और नुकसान की पहचान करने और अपनी कमियों को मजबूत करने में भी आपकी सहायता करता है।

आत्मविश्वास पैदा करता है (Builds Confidence)

आमतौर पर अत्यधिक अनुभवी संकाय सदस्य मॉडल पेपर सेट करते हैं। वे पिछले वर्ष के पैटर्न और अपने अनुभव के आधार पर प्रश्न पेपर तैयार करते हैं। जैसे-जैसे आप कई उदाहरण पेपर से विभिन्न समस्याओं को हल करेंगे, आपको अधिक आत्मविश्वास मिलेगा। अगर आप पहले प्रयास में क्लैट परीक्षा पास करना चाहते हैं तो आपको ये करना होगा।

प्रगति पर नज़र रखने में मदद करता है (Helps in Tracking Progress)

मॉक परीक्षा आपके विकास पर नज़र रखने का एक शानदार तरीका है। नियमित रूप से अभ्यास परीक्षा देने से आप समय के साथ अपनी प्रगति को ट्रैक कर सकते हैं। यह आपको अपने प्रदर्शन के आधार पर अपनी अध्ययन योजना को संशोधित करने और उचित लक्ष्य निर्धारित करने में सक्षम बनाता है।

अपने अंकों की निगरानी करने और अपने निष्कर्षों की समीक्षा करने से आपको यह निर्धारित करने में सहायता मिलेगी कि आपकी अध्ययन तकनीकें काम कर रही हैं या उन्हें बदलने की आवश्यकता है। आप इस चल रहे फीडबैक लूप की वजह से धीरे-धीरे अपने लक्ष्य क्लैट स्कोर तक पहुंचने के करीब पहुंच सकते हैं, जो आपको प्रेरित और सही रास्ते पर रखता है।

विभिन्न प्रकार के प्रश्नों तक पहुंच प्रदान करता है (Gives an Access to Variety of Questions)

क्लैट परीक्षण श्रृंखला विभिन्न विषयों और प्रश्नों का व्यापक अनुभव प्रदान करती है, जो एक और महत्वपूर्ण लाभ है। मॉक परीक्षा में विभिन्न विषयों और प्रश्न प्रकारों से संबंधित कई सेक्शन के प्रश्न शामिल किए जाते हैं।

यह रेंज आपको प्रश्नों के विभिन्न स्वरूपों को समझने में मदद करता है और आपको परीक्षा में आने वाले विभिन्न प्रकार के प्रश्नों के लिए तैयार करता है। विभिन्न प्रकार के प्रश्न पूछे जाने से समस्याओं को हल करने की आपकी क्षमता में सुधार होता है और यह सुनिश्चित होता है कि आप आने वाले हर प्रकार के प्रश्न के लिए तैयार हैं।

क्लैट सैंपल पेपर्स 2025 कैसे डाउनलोड करें? (How to Download CLAT Sample Papers 2025?)

उम्मीदवार कंसोर्टियम की आधिकारिक वेबसाइट से क्लैट मॉडल पेपर 2025 पीडीएफ डाउनलोड कर सकते हैं। क्लैट 2025 के सैंपल पेपर डाउनलोड करने के चरण नीचे दिए गए हैं

  • आधिकारिक वेबसाइट consortiumofnlus.ac.in पर जाएं।

  • यूजर क्रेडेंशियल्स के साथ वेबसाइट पर लॉग इन करें।

  • क्लैट 2025 सैंपल पेपर पीडीएफ मुफ्त डाउनलोड लिंक पर क्लिक करें।

  • सैंपल पेपर स्क्रीन पर दिखाई देगा।

  • भविष्य के संदर्भ के लिए क्लैट 2025 सैंपल पेपर पीडीएफ को सेव करें।

SLAT 2025 - The Symbiosis Law Admission Test

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क्लैट सैंपल पेपर्स 2025 (CLAT Sample Papers 2025 in hindi)

Careers360 द्वारा डिज़ाइन किया गया क्लैट 2025 सैंपल पेपर पीडीएफ नीचे दिया गया है। मॉडल पेपर नवीनतम उपलब्ध क्लैट पाठ्यक्रम पर आधारित है और क्लैट 2025 की तैयारी के लिए एक महत्वपूर्ण शिक्षण संसाधन है।

क्लैट 2025 सैंपल पेपर (CLAT 2025 Sample Paper)

क्लैट पिछले वर्ष के मॉडल पेपर (CLAT Previous Year Sample Papers in hindi)

पिछले वर्षों के क्लैट मॉडल पेपर के लिंक नीचे दिए गए हैं।

क्लैट 2020 आधिकारिक मॉडल पेपर (CLAT 2020 Official Sample Papers)

क्लैट विषयवार मॉडल पेपर (CLAT Subject wise Sample Papers)

करियर्स 360 द्वारा संकलित विषयवार क्लैट मॉडल पेपर नीचे दिए गए हैं। उन्हें निःशुल्क डाउनलोड करने के लिए लिंक पर क्लिक करें।

क्लैट विषयवार मॉडल पेपर डाउनलोड लिंक (CLAT Subject Wise Sample Paper Download Links)

क्लैट पिछले वर्ष के प्रश्न पेपर (CLAT Previous Year Question Papers)

मॉडल पेपर के अलावा, कंसोर्टियम परीक्षा के तुरंत बाद अपनी वेबसाइट पर क्लैट प्रश्न पत्र भी प्रकाशित करता है। उम्मीदवार इनमें से कुछ से क्लैट पिछले वर्ष के प्रश्न पत्र नीचे देख सकते हैं। तालिका में दिए गए लिंक पर क्लिक करके क्लैट प्रश्न पत्र निःशुल्क प्राप्त किए जा सकते हैं।

क्लैट पिछले वर्ष का प्रश्न पत्र (CLAT Previous Year Question Paper in hindi)

क्लैट पीजी पिछले वर्ष के प्रश्न पत्र (CLAT PG Previous Year Question Papers)

क्लैट मॉक टेस्ट सीरीज (CLAT Mock Test Series)

कॅरियर्स360 ने परीक्षा की तैयारी करने वाले उम्मीदवारों के लिए एक विशेष क्लैट मॉक टेस्ट श्रृंखला 2024 भी विकसित की है। मुफ़्त क्लैट मॉक टेस्ट से उम्मीदवारों को क्लैट 2025 के लिए उनकी तैयारियों का आकलन करने में मदद मिल सकती है।

Careers360 मॉक टेस्ट कैसे डाउनलोड करें? (How to Download the Careers360 Mock Test?)

करियर360 मॉक टेस्ट डाउनलोड करने के चरण नीचे दिए गए हैं

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  • क्लैट मॉक टेस्ट पेज पर दिए गए निर्देशों को ध्यान से पढ़ें और उनका पालन करें।

  • उत्तरों के साथ क्लैट मॉक टेस्ट पीडीएफ का प्रयास शुरू करें।

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क्लैट परीक्षा पैटर्न 2025 (CLAT Exam Pattern 2025 in hindi)

एनएलयू के कंसोर्टियम ने पिछले साल क्लैट परीक्षा पैटर्न की एक संशोधित अधिसूचना जारी की। संशोधित पैटर्न के अनुसार, क्लैट यूजी परीक्षा में प्रश्नों की संख्या पहले के 150 से घटाकर 120 कर दी गई है। कॉमन लॉ एडमिशन टेस्ट पीजी परीक्षा पैटर्न में कोई बदलाव नहीं किया गया है।

क्लैट और पेपर पैटर्न (CLAT UG Paper Pattern in hindi)

स्ट्रीम

प्रश्नों की संख्या

अंक

वेटेज

अंग्रेजी

22-26 प्रश्न

22-26

20%

सामान्य ज्ञान सहित करेंट अफेयर्स

28-32 प्रश्न

28-32

25%

लीगल रीजनिंग

28-32 प्रश्न

28-32

25%

लॉजिकल रीजनिंग

22-26 प्रश्न

22-26

20%

क्वांटिटेटिव टेक्निक

10-14 प्रश्न

10-14

10%

क्लैट पीजी पेपर पैटर्न (CLAT PG Paper Pattern)

विषय

प्रश्नों की कुल संख्या

अंक

संवैधानिक कानून

120

120

अन्य कानून विषयों में अनुबंध, टॉर्ट्स, आपराधिक कानून, अंतर्राष्ट्रीय कानून, आईपीआर और न्यायशास्त्र शामिल हैं।

कुल

120

120

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

1. क्लैट सैंपल पेपर्स का अभ्यास कितनी बार किया जाना चाहिए?

परीक्षा पैटर्न और परीक्षा में पूछे जाने वाले प्रश्नों के प्रकार से परिचित होने के लिए क्लैट सैंपल पेपर को सप्ताह में कम से कम दो बार हल करना चाहिए।

2. क्या क्लैट सैंपल पेपर और क्लैट परीक्षा एक दूसरे के समान हैं?

हाँ, क्लैट सैंपल पेपर और वास्तविक क्लैट परीक्षा एक-दूसरे के समान हैं। क्लैट सैंपल पेपर को हल करने का मुख्य उद्देश्य परीक्षा पैटर्न, कठिनाई स्तर और परीक्षा में पूछे जाने वाले प्रश्नों के प्रकार को समझने में मदद करना है।

3. क्लैट सैंपल पेपर तैयारी में कैसे मदद कर सकते हैं?

क्लैट मॉडल पेपर को हल करने से ताकत और कमजोरियों वाले क्षेत्रों की पहचान करने में मदद मिलती है। यह समय और सटीकता में सुधार करने में भी मदद करता है।

4. क्लैट मॉडल पेपर की समीक्षा करते समय, किन क्षेत्रों पर ध्यान केंद्रित किया जाना चाहिए?

क्लैट मॉडल पेपर की समीक्षा करते समय, गलतियों, छोड़े गए प्रश्नों, या गलत चिह्नित प्रश्नों का विश्लेषण करने पर ध्यान केंद्रित करें। उन विशेष विषयों को दोहराएं और अगले मॉक टेस्ट में उन्हें हल करने का प्रयास करें। मॉक टेस्ट की प्रगति पर हमेशा नजर रखें।

5. क्या अंतिम समय में तैयारी के लिए क्लैट सैंपल पेपर्स का प्रयास करना प्रभावी है?

अंतिम मिनटों के लिए क्लैट मॉडल पेपर का प्रयास करने से छात्रों को वास्तविक परीक्षा स्थितियों का अनुकरण करने में मदद मिलती है और उन्हें वास्तविक परीक्षा के दिन आश्वस्त रहने में मदद मिलती है। इससे छात्रों को क्लैट परीक्षा में अच्छे अंक प्राप्त करने में मदद मिल सकती है।

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Questions related to CLAT

Have a question related to CLAT ?

Hello,

Yes, the recorded video for CLAT preparation can be sent through the medium of WhatsApp, if only the video file size does not exceed the 2GB limit on WhatsApp. In case the video file size exceeds more than 2 GB, there are options for compressing the video and, at the same time, sharing the link through Google Drive or Dropbox after uploading it there and sending the link through WhatsApp.

Many coaching institutes and online study material platforms also record lectures so the same can be shared with students through WhatsApp. WhatsApp also provides students the facility of having all these materials anytime of the day. Where compressing video quality reduces, it may need to be left at cloud storage links. Sharing educational contents through a WhatsApp group ensures getting the answers or information they need to study and do their homework. Students can discuss topics about education with peers in these groups.

Hello,

Indeed you can attach the acknowledgement form of your application for OBC certificate along with your CLAT application provided that the official regulations permit this. Most entrance exams and institutes also accept proof of certificate during the initial process, like an acknowledgment receipt, considering that the final, original certificate would be produced at the time of document verification.

However, one should go through the CLAT instructions or contact CLAT authorities for verification in case rules are different. In case this is possible, you must obtain an original OBC certificate much prior to the verification process that may arise in the course of the admission procedure. Keep all the documents and proofs related to your OBC certificate with you while moving ahead for any future actions.

Hello aspirant,

In more than 15 streams, Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University/IP University (or IPU) offers undergraduate, graduate, and doctorate degrees. The official entrance and scholarship exam, known as the IPU CET, is the basis for course admission at Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University. Additionally, IPU is currently accepting CUET exam results for admission to both UG and PG programs.

To know complete admission process, please visit the following link:

https://www.careers360.com/university/guru-gobind-singh-indraprastha-university-delhi#:~:text=D.,the%20university's%20own%20IPU%20CET.

Thank you

Hope it helps you

There are many offline and online coaching for CLAT uG preparation, there are several reputable institutes that stand out. One of the top choices is legalEdge, career launcher,time they all known for its comprehensive study materials and experienced faculty members who provide personalized guidance to students, structured program with regular mock tests and doubt-clearing sessions to help students excel in their CLAT exams.

hello aspirant,

The secret to passing the exam is consistent practice, which may be achieved by working through sample papers, mock exams, and prior years' CLAT question papers. Practice as much as you can; it will help you feel more confident and more like an actual test. This a very good way to enhance your preparation.

Thank you

Passage 1
Read the passage below and answer the following question.
Cheating is considered a criminal offence under the Indian Penal Code. It is done to gain profit or advantage from another person by using some deceitful means. The person who deceives another knows for the fact that it would place the other person in an unfair situation. Cheating as an offence can be made punishable under Section 420 of the IPC. Scope of Section 415 Cheating is defined under Section 415 of the Indian Penal Code as whoever fraudulently or dishonestly deceives a person to induce that person to deliver a property to any person or to consent to retain any property. If a person intentionally induces a person to do or omit to do any act which he would not have done if he was not deceived to do so and the act has caused harm to that person in body, mind, reputation, or property, then the person who fraudulently, dishonestly or intentionally induced the other person is said to cheat. Any dishonest concealment of facts that can deceive a person to do an act that he would not have done otherwise is also cheating within the meaning of this section. Essential Ingredients of Cheating requires · deception of any person. Fraudulently or dishonestly inducing that person to deliver any property to any person or to consent that any person shall retain any property; or · intentionally inducing a person to do or omit to do anything which he would not do or omit if he were not so deceived, and the act or omission causes or is likely to cause damage or harm to that person in body, mind, reputation or property.
Deceit– a tort arising from an untrue or false statement of facts which are made by a person, recklessly or knowingly, with an intention that it shall be acted upon by the other person, who would suffer damages as a result. 
Fraud – a false or untrue representation of the fact, that is made with the knowledge of its falsity or without the belief in its truth or a reckless statement that may or may not be true, with an intention to induce a person or individual to act independent of it with the result that the person acts on it and suffers damages and harm. In other words, it is a wrong act or criminal deception with an intention to result in financial or personal gain.
Question - 1 
D went to a moneylender, Z, for the loan. D intentionally pledges the gold article with Z taking the loan. D knows that the article is not made of gold. After a few days, D leaves the village. Decide.

 

Option: 1 None

Option: 2 None

Option: 3 None

Option: 4 None

Read the passage carefully and answer the question

The Contract should be performed by the promisor himself. However, in certain cases, it can also be performed by his agents or legal representatives. It all depends upon the intention of the parties. Normally a contract can be performed by the following persons. 

  1. Promisor himself: If from the nature of the contract it appears that it was the intention of the parties that the promise should be performed by the promisor himself, such promise must be performed by the promisor. This usually applies to contracts involving personal skill, task, or artwork. 
  2. Promisor or his Agent: Where the contract does not involve the personal skill of the promisor, the contract could be performed by the promisor himself or by any competent person employed by him for the purpose, 
  3. Legal Representatives: The contracts which do not involve any personal skill or taste, may be performed by his legal representative after the death of the promisor.
  4. Third Person: In some cases, a contract may be performed by a third person provided the promisee accepts the arrangement. According to Section 41 of the Indian Contract Act, once the promisee accepts the performance from a third person, he cannot compel the promisor to perform the contract again. 
  5. Performance of Joint Promises: According to section 42 of the Indian Contract Act, when two or more persons have made a joint promise, the joint promisors must fulfill the promise jointly during their lifetime. And if any one of them dies, then his legal representatives and survivors must jointly fulfill the promise. 

Section 43 of the Indian Contract Act further provides that unless a contrary intention appears from the contract, each joint promisor may compel every other joint promisor to contribute equally to the performance of the promise. If any joint promisor makes a default in such contribution, the remaining joint promisors must bear the loss arising from such default in equal shares.

Question:

Aman received a box of chocolates from Basant and promised to pay Rupees 5000. Later on, A becomes bankrupt. Chetan who is a friend of Aman pays rupees 1000 to Besant on behalf of Aman. Aman is not aware of such a transaction. In civil court, insolvency proceedings have started against Aman. Meanwhile, Basant has also applied for a recovery of 5000 rupees. Decide.

Option: 1

Basant is entitled to recover the amount of 5000 from Aman.


Option: 2

Basant is entitled to recover the amount of 4000 from Aman.


Option: 3

Chetan is entitled to recover the amount of 1000 from Basant.


Option: 4

Basant cannot recover any amount from Aman as he has become insolvent.


Read the passage carefully and answer the question

The Contract should be performed by the promisor himself. However, in certain cases, it can also be performed by his agents or legal representatives. It all depends upon the intention of the parties. Normally a contract can be performed by the following persons. 

  1. Promisor himself: If from the nature of the contract it appears that it was the intention of the parties that the promise should be performed by the promisor himself, such promise must be performed by the promisor. This usually applies to contracts involving personal skill, task, or artwork. 
  2. Promisor or his Agent: Where the contract does not involve the personal skill of the promisor, the contract could be performed by the promisor himself or by any competent person employed by him for the purpose, 
  3. Legal Representatives: The contracts which do not involve any personal skill or taste, may be performed by his legal representative after the death of the promisor.
  4. Third Person: In some cases, a contract may be performed by a third person provided the promisee accepts the arrangement. According to Section 41 of the Indian Contract Act, once the promisee accepts the performance from a third person, he cannot compel the promisor to perform the contract again. 
  5. Performance of Joint Promises: According to section 42 of the Indian Contract Act, when two or more persons have made a joint promise, the joint promisors must fulfill the promise jointly during their lifetime. And if any one of them dies, then his legal representatives and survivors must jointly fulfill the promise. 

Section 43 of the Indian Contract Act further provides that unless a contrary intention appears from the contract, each joint promisor may compel every other joint promisor to contribute equally to the performance of the promise. If any joint promisor makes a default in such contribution, the remaining joint promisors must bear the loss arising from such default in equal shares.

Question:

K promises to paint a picture for L on a certain day, at a certain price. K dies before the day of the contract. Decide. 

Option: 1

The contract can be enforced by K’s representative 


Option: 2

The contract can be enforced by L


Option: 3

The contract can be enforced either by K’s representation or by L 


Option: 4

The contract cannot be enforced either by K’s representative, or L


Read the passage carefully and answer the question

The Contract should be performed by the promisor himself. However, in certain cases, it can also be performed by his agents or legal representatives. It all depends upon the intention of the parties. Normally a contract can be performed by the following persons. 

  1. Promisor himself: If from the nature of the contract it appears that it was the intention of the parties that the promise should be performed by the promisor himself, such promise must be performed by the promisor. This usually applies to contracts involving personal skill, task, or artwork. 
  2. Promisor or his Agent: Where the contract does not involve the personal skill of the promisor, the contract could be performed by the promisor himself or by any competent person employed by him for the purpose, 
  3. Legal Representatives: The contracts which do not involve any personal skill or taste, may be performed by his legal representative after the death of the promisor.
  4. Third Person: In some cases, a contract may be performed by a third person provided the promisee accepts the arrangement. According to Section 41 of the Indian Contract Act, once the promisee accepts the performance from a third person, he cannot compel the promisor to perform the contract again. 
  5. Performance of Joint Promises: According to section 42 of the Indian Contract Act, when two or more persons have made a joint promise, the joint promisors must fulfill the promise jointly during their lifetime. And if any one of them dies, then his legal representatives and survivors must jointly fulfill the promise. 

Section 43 of the Indian Contract Act further provides that unless a contrary intention appears from the contract, each joint promisor may compel every other joint promisor to contribute equally to the performance of the promise. If any joint promisor makes a default in such contribution, the remaining joint promisors must bear the loss arising from such default in equal shares.

Question:

Rohan has agreed to manage the catering services during the marriage of Sohan’s son Ramu. On the day of marriage, Rohan felt ill and sent his manager to the management of catering services. Ramu happily gets married to Tina and people appreciated the food and decoration of the event. When Rohan asked Sohan for the remaining amount, he denied it because Rohan himself had not managed so it is a breach. Decide.

 

Option: 1

Rohan is not entitled to get the remaining amount due to a breach of contract.


Option: 2

Rohan is entitled to sue Sohan for the remaining amount.


Option: 3

Rohan is entitled to sue Ramu because it was his marriage.


Option: 4

Instead of Rohan, his manager can only sue Sohan for the breach.


Read the passage and answer the question that follow.

Natural justice is another name for common sense justice rules of natural justice are not in codified form these principles are embedded or ingrained or inbuilt in the conscience of human beings. It supplies the omission made in codified law and helps in the administration of justice. Natural justice is not only confined to ‘fairness’ it will take many shades and colours based on the context. Thus natural justice apart from ‘fairness’ also implies reasonableness, equity and equality. They are neither cast in a rigid mould nor can they be put in a legal straitjacket. These principles written by nature in the heart of mankind, they are immutable, inviolable, and inalienable.

It is true that the concept of natural justice is not very clear and, therefore, it is not possible to define it; yet the principles of natural justice are accepted and enforced. In the case of Ridge V. Baldwin Court observed that “in modern times have sometimes been expressed to the effect that natural justice is as vague as to be practically meaningless. But I would regard these as tainted by the perennial fallacy that because something cannot be cut and dried or nicely weighed or measured therefore it does not exist”. The term natural justice signifies fundamental rules of judicial procedure and fair play in action. According to Lord Widgery “the principles of natural justice were those fundamental rules; the breach will prevent justice from being seen to be done”. Earliest expression of ‘natural justice’ could be found in the philosophical expression of Roman Jurist (jus natural) and signified rules and principles for the conduct of man which were independent of enacted law or customs and could be discovered by the rational intelligence of man and would grow out of and conform to his nature.

The rule against bias that surfaced in 1610 in Dr Bonham's Casewhere Chief Justice Coke went so far as to say that the Court could declare an Act of Parliament void if it made a man as judge in his own cause, or otherwise ‘against common right and reason’. This was one of his grounds for disallowing the claim of the College of Physicians to fine and imprison Doctor Bonham, a Doctor of Physics of Cambridge University, for practising in the city of London without the licence of College of Physicians. The statute under which the College acted provided that fines should go half to the King half to the College so that the College had a financial interest in its own judgement and was judged in its own cause.

Question:

X is a student of a college and his father Y is a professor in the same college. In one instance, X is caught to be involved in unparliamentary activities inside the college campus. The enquiry committee is set up and Y is appointed as the head of the committee. Decide.

Option: 1

Y is a professor of the same college hence he can become a member of the enquiry committee


Option: 2

Y is X’s father hence he should not be a part of the enquiry committee


Option: 3

Y can be a part of the enquiry committee but cannot be its head


Option: 4

There is no rule that prevents the appointment of Y until he fulfils his function diligently


Read the passage and answer the question that follow.

Natural justice is another name for common sense justice rules of natural justice are not in codified form these principles are embedded or ingrained or inbuilt in the conscience of human beings. It supplies the omission made in codified law and helps in the administration of justice. Natural justice is not only confined to ‘fairness’ it will take many shades and colours based on the context. Thus natural justice apart from ‘fairness’ also implies reasonableness, equity and equality. They are neither cast in a rigid mould nor can they be put in a legal straitjacket. These principles written by nature in the heart of mankind, they are immutable, inviolable, and inalienable.

It is true that the concept of natural justice is not very clear and, therefore, it is not possible to define it; yet the principles of natural justice are accepted and enforced. In the case of Ridge V. Baldwin Court observed that “in modern times have sometimes been expressed to the effect that natural justice is as vague as to be practically meaningless. But I would regard these as tainted by the perennial fallacy that because something cannot be cut and dried or nicely weighed or measured therefore it does not exist”. The term natural justice signifies fundamental rules of judicial procedure and fair play in action. According to Lord Widgery “the principles of natural justice were those fundamental rules; the breach will prevent justice from being seen to be done”. Earliest expression of ‘natural justice’ could be found in the philosophical expression of Roman Jurist (jus natural) and signified rules and principles for the conduct of man which were independent of enacted law or customs and could be discovered by the rational intelligence of man and would grow out of and conform to his nature.

The rule against bias that surfaced in 1610 in Dr Bonham's Casewhere Chief Justice Coke went so far as to say that the Court could declare an Act of Parliament void if it made a man as judge in his own cause, or otherwise ‘against common right and reason’. This was one of his grounds for disallowing the claim of the College of Physicians to fine and imprison Doctor Bonham, a Doctor of Physics of Cambridge University, for practising in the city of London without the licence of College of Physicians. The statute under which the College acted provided that fines should go half to the King half to the College so that the College had a financial interest in its own judgement and was judged in its own cause.

Question:

Mr X is an employee of a corporate office. His wife Y is a judge. In one instance, X is found to be involved in a money laundering case at his office. The office now files a suit and Y is appointed as the judge for this case. Decide.

Option: 1

Y is a judge by herself, hence can be appointed to adjudicate this case


Option: 2

Y is can be appointed as a judge only if she fulfils her responsibilities without any bias


Option: 3

Y can adjudicate the case and if the company finds the penalty to be insufficient then they can appeal against it


Option: 4

Y cannot be the judge in this case ab initio


Read the passage and answer the question that follow.

Natural justice is another name for common sense justice rules of natural justice are not in codified form these principles are embedded or ingrained or inbuilt in the conscience of human beings. It supplies the omission made in codified law and helps in the administration of justice. Natural justice is not only confined to ‘fairness’ it will take many shades and colours based on the context. Thus natural justice apart from ‘fairness’ also implies reasonableness, equity and equality. They are neither cast in a rigid mould nor can they be put in a legal straitjacket. These principles written by nature in the heart of mankind, they are immutable, inviolable, and inalienable.

It is true that the concept of natural justice is not very clear and, therefore, it is not possible to define it; yet the principles of natural justice are accepted and enforced. In the case of Ridge V. Baldwin Court observed that “in modern times have sometimes been expressed to the effect that natural justice is as vague as to be practically meaningless. But I would regard these as tainted by the perennial fallacy that because something cannot be cut and dried or nicely weighed or measured therefore it does not exist”. The term natural justice signifies fundamental rules of judicial procedure and fair play in action. According to Lord Widgery “the principles of natural justice were those fundamental rules; the breach will prevent justice from being seen to be done”. Earliest expression of ‘natural justice’ could be found in the philosophical expression of Roman Jurist (jus natural) and signified rules and principles for the conduct of man which were independent of enacted law or customs and could be discovered by the rational intelligence of man and would grow out of and conform to his nature.

The rule against bias that surfaced in 1610 in Dr Bonham's Casewhere Chief Justice Coke went so far as to say that the Court could declare an Act of Parliament void if it made a man as judge in his own cause, or otherwise ‘against common right and reason’. This was one of his grounds for disallowing the claim of the College of Physicians to fine and imprison Doctor Bonham, a Doctor of Physics of Cambridge University, for practising in the city of London without the licence of College of Physicians. The statute under which the College acted provided that fines should go half to the King half to the College so that the College had a financial interest in its own judgement and was judged in its own cause.

Question:

X was a renowned cricketer in the 1980s. His son Y is a struggling cricketer who has been trying to get into the national team for many years. In the year 2020, X is appointed as a member of the selection committee. In the match which is supposed to decide the final team of the nation, Y scores a century and Z scores 65 runs. However, Z is selected to represent India and Y is not. Y now appeals against the decision, the main ground being the presence of X in the committee. Decide.

Option: 1

The appeal will stand as Y scored a century yet Z was selected after scoring 65 runs


Option: 2

The appeal will be quashed since X’s presence should have benefitted Y, but it didn’t, hence the rejection of Y is valid


Option: 3

The appeal will stand as X’s presence is a factor of bias


Option: 4

The appeal will be quashed since X was a renowned cricketer


Read the passage and answer the question that follow.

Natural justice is another name for common sense justice rules of natural justice are not in codified form these principles are embedded or ingrained or inbuilt in the conscience of human beings. It supplies the omission made in codified law and helps in the administration of justice. Natural justice is not only confined to ‘fairness’ it will take many shades and colours based on the context. Thus natural justice apart from ‘fairness’ also implies reasonableness, equity and equality. They are neither cast in a rigid mould nor can they be put in a legal straitjacket. These principles written by nature in the heart of mankind, they are immutable, inviolable, and inalienable.

It is true that the concept of natural justice is not very clear and, therefore, it is not possible to define it; yet the principles of natural justice are accepted and enforced. In the case of Ridge V. Baldwin Court observed that “in modern times have sometimes been expressed to the effect that natural justice is as vague as to be practically meaningless. But I would regard these as tainted by the perennial fallacy that because something cannot be cut and dried or nicely weighed or measured therefore it does not exist”. The term natural justice signifies fundamental rules of judicial procedure and fair play in action. According to Lord Widgery “the principles of natural justice were those fundamental rules; the breach will prevent justice from being seen to be done”. Earliest expression of ‘natural justice’ could be found in the philosophical expression of Roman Jurist (jus natural) and signified rules and principles for the conduct of man which were independent of enacted law or customs and could be discovered by the rational intelligence of man and would grow out of and conform to his nature.

The rule against bias that surfaced in 1610 in Dr Bonham's Casewhere Chief Justice Coke went so far as to say that the Court could declare an Act of Parliament void if it made a man as judge in his own cause, or otherwise ‘against common right and reason’. This was one of his grounds for disallowing the claim of the College of Physicians to fine and imprison Doctor Bonham, a Doctor of Physics of Cambridge University, for practising in the city of London without the licence of College of Physicians. The statute under which the College acted provided that fines should go half to the King half to the College so that the College had a financial interest in its own judgement and was judged in its own cause.

Question:

X is a married judge who is well known for his honesty in the entire city. He has a son Y. One fine day Y gets kidnapped and the kidnapper demands a sum of 20 lakhs from X. However, the kidnapper is caught by the police. X is now appointed as the judge for the hearing of the kidnapper. Decide.

Option: 1

X can be the judge since he can decide the punishment better as he was the sufferer


Option: 2

X cannot be the judge since there is a possibility that he will be biased while delivering the judgement


Option: 3

X can be the judge since he is renowned for his honesty and fulfil his duties


Option: 4

X can be the judge but his statement can be appealed against if delivered with bias


Read the passage and answer the question that follow.

Natural justice is another name for common sense justice rules of natural justice are not in codified form these principles are embedded or ingrained or inbuilt in the conscience of human beings. It supplies the omission made in codified law and helps in the administration of justice. Natural justice is not only confined to ‘fairness’ it will take many shades and colours based on the context. Thus natural justice apart from ‘fairness’ also implies reasonableness, equity and equality. They are neither cast in a rigid mould nor can they be put in a legal straitjacket. These principles written by nature in the heart of mankind, they are immutable, inviolable, and inalienable.

It is true that the concept of natural justice is not very clear and, therefore, it is not possible to define it; yet the principles of natural justice are accepted and enforced. In the case of Ridge V. Baldwin Court observed that “in modern times have sometimes been expressed to the effect that natural justice is as vague as to be practically meaningless. But I would regard these as tainted by the perennial fallacy that because something cannot be cut and dried or nicely weighed or measured therefore it does not exist”. The term natural justice signifies fundamental rules of judicial procedure and fair play in action. According to Lord Widgery “the principles of natural justice were those fundamental rules; the breach will prevent justice from being seen to be done”. Earliest expression of ‘natural justice’ could be found in the philosophical expression of Roman Jurist (jus natural) and signified rules and principles for the conduct of man which were independent of enacted law or customs and could be discovered by the rational intelligence of man and would grow out of and conform to his nature.

The rule against bias that surfaced in 1610 in Dr Bonham's Casewhere Chief Justice Coke went so far as to say that the Court could declare an Act of Parliament void if it made a man as judge in his own cause, or otherwise ‘against common right and reason’. This was one of his grounds for disallowing the claim of the College of Physicians to fine and imprison Doctor Bonham, a Doctor of Physics of Cambridge University, for practising in the city of London without the licence of College of Physicians. The statute under which the College acted provided that fines should go half to the King half to the College so that the College had a financial interest in its own judgement and was judged in its own cause.

Question:

X and Y have been married for five years. X is a judge and Y is a doctor. X is pretty much unhappy with his married life so he wants to divorce Y. Y refuses to agree to a divorce by mutual consent hence X files a suit against Y. Decide.

Option: 1

X cannot file a suit since he is a judge


Option: 2

X can file a suit against Y in legal capacity but not as a judge


Option: 3

X cannot file a divorce suit against Y since there is no valid ground for divorce


Option: 4

X can proceed with mutual consent but not contested divorce


Read the passage and answer the question that follow.

In the case of M/S Halonex Limited, 59-A Noida vs State of U.P., it was held that “In reply to the aforesaid submission, learned counsel for opposite party no.2 submitted that the case of the applicants that no amount is due from their side to the complainant is a matter of defence which cannot be considered at this stage. It has been submitted that the term 'entrustment' as used in Section 405 IPC has been given a wider interpretation. It has been submitted that the goods returned by the complainant to the Company for replacement or for reimbursement would be deemed to have been entrusted to the Company and as the applicants 2 & 3 were handling its affair they become responsible. To buttress the said submission, the learned counsel for the complainant drew the attention of the Court to a decision of the Apex Court in the case of Ram Narayan Popli Vs. Central Bureau of Investigation: (2003) 3 SCC 641, wherein it was observed that: "the term "entrustment" is not necessarily a term of law. It may have different implications in different contexts. In its most general signification all it imports is the handing over possession for some purpose which may not imply the conferring of any proprietary right at all." Attention was also drawn to an observation made in the judgment of the aforesaid case, where it was observed that: "to establish the charge of criminal breach of trust, the prosecution is not obliged to prove the precise mode of conversion, misappropriation or misapplication by the accused of the property entrusted to him or over which he has dominion. The principal ingredient of the offence being dishonest misappropriation or conversion which may not ordinarily be a matter of direct proof, entrustment of property and failure in breach of an obligation to account for the property entrusted if proved, may, in the light of other circumstances, justifiably lead to an inference of dishonest misappropriation or conversion”.

Question:

X tracks down an expensive necklace on the road. Not knowing to whom it belongs. X sells it promptly to a jeweller without attempting to find the owner or submitting the necklace to the authorities. Decide the liability of X.

Option: 1

Extortion


Option: 2

Criminal breach of trust


Option: 3

Theft


Option: 4

Criminal misappropriation of Property


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