CLAT 2025 Revised Result (Declared): Download Link, Counselling Notification

CLAT 2025 Revised Result (Declared): Download Link, Counselling Notification

Edited By Sukriti Sahoo | Updated on May 17, 2025 05:35 PM IST | #CLAT

The Consortium of National Law Universities (NLUs) has declared the CLAT 2025 revised results on May 17, 2025 at consortiumofnlus.ac.in. Candidates can download their updated CLAT 2025 scorecards by logging into their account on the CLAT 2025 portal through the official website. The CLAT 2025 revised answer key has also been published. In the CLAT 2025 revised answer key, one question from the Logical Reasoning section and two questions from the Quantitative Techniques section have been withdrawn, and the answer keys for one question each in the English and Legal Reasoning sections have been revised. The Consortium of NLUs has published the revised CLAT 2025 counselling schedule on May 17, 2025 after publishing the revised result. There will be three rounds of CLAT 2025 counselling. The CLAT 2025 counselling registrations are open from May 17, 4 PM till May 21 up to 5 PM.

CLAT 2025 Revised Result (Declared): Download Link, Counselling Notification
CLAT 2025 Revised Result (Declared): Download Link, Counselling Notification

Earlier, the CLAT 2025 SC judgement was delivered on May 7, 2025. The CLAT 2025 SC judgement has been passed in the matter of 6 questions. Out of them, three questions have been withdrawn and the answer to one question has been changed. The answer to one of the questions (77) was upheld as given by the Consortium in the final answer key. The answer to one of the questions has been upheld as per the Delhi High Court verdict. The SC judgement can have a major impact on a candidate's rank and affect their chances of admission to a particular NLU. This change in score will lead to a significant shift in the candidate’s rank in the CLAT 2025 merit list. The Delhi HC has postponed the CLAT PG hearing to May 26. It remains to be seen whether the matters related to the CLAT PG exam will also reach the Supreme Court.

How to download CLAT revised merit list scorecard?

  • Visit the official website of Consortium of National Law Universities (NLUs): consortiumofnlus.ac.in.
  • Log in to the candidate portal using your registered mobile number and password
  • Click on the CLAT results link
  • Download the PDF and save it for your reference
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Consortium's Response to Query About CLAT 2025 Revised Result

Given below is the latest response given by the Consortium of NLUs to a query about CLAT 2025 revised result date.

consortium-update

How do the scores change in the CLAT 2025 revised result after SC Order?

The Supreme Court has amended four answers in the CLAT 2025 final answer key. Along with one question changed by the Delhi HC, these modifications could lead to a score gain of up to 3.25 marks or a loss of up to 4.25 marks. The change in the CLAT 2025 score due to these revisions is mentioned in the table below.

Change in CLAT 2025 Revised Result After Supreme Court Judgement

Q. no

Court Decision

Marks Added

Marks Deducted

5 (revision ordered by the Delhi HC)

Answer changed from D to C

+1.25 marks if marked option C

-1.25 marks if marked option D

56

Option C is also correct in addition to option D

+1.25 marks if marked option C

Nil

88

Question Withdrawn

+0.25 marks for everyone who marked an option other than D

-1 mark for those who marked option D

115

Question Withdrawn

+0.25 marks for the wrong answer as per the final answer key published by the consortium

-1 for the correct answer as per the final answer key published by the consortium

116

Question Withdrawn

+0.25 marks for the wrong answer as per the final answer key published by the consortium

-1 mark for the correct answer as per the final answer key published by the consortium

When will the CLAT merit list be published?

The Consortium of National Law Universities (NLUs) is expected to publish the CLAT 2025 merit list soon. The Supreme Court identified several errors in the CLAT-UG 2025 question paper and ordered the Consortium of National Law Universities to revise the merit list accordingly. The Consortium of NLUs sent an official email to students, which mentions, “ If you have already completed the counselling registration process, then you do not have to do anything now. All previous counselling invites and payments will be honoured. The updated calendar will be published soon.” Candidates included in the merit list of CLAT 2025 have to pay the confirmation fee to obtain the CLAT 2025 seat allotment.

CLAT 2025 Revised Result: Live Updates

Get all the latest updates about the revised result of CLAT 2025 in this section:

5:35 pm: Documents required for CLAT UG 2025 counselling

  • Class 10 mark sheet
  • CLAT 2025 Admit Card
  • Class 12 Statement of Marks
  • Character Certificate/Conduct Certificate from the Educational Institution last attended
  • Transfer/Migration Certificate from the Educational Institution last attended
  • Caste Certificate (SC, ST, OBC, etc.) if applied and allotted under the Reserved category of seats.
  • PwD/SAP Certificate, if applied and allotted under the PwD category
  • Domicile/Residence Certificate, if applied and allotted under the domicile/resident category seat.
  • Any other supporting documents to claim your seat for the category you have applied
  • (E.g.: Wards of Serving/Retired Defence Personnel, EWS certificate, Sons/daughters of Ex-servicemen/Defence service personnel etc.)
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5:30 pm: Registration for the CLAT 2025 Admissions Counselling Process

Screenshot%20from%202025-05-17%2017-27-09

5:25 pm: CLAT 2025 Counselling Round

The Consortium of National Law Universities (NLUs) has begun the CLAT 2025 counselling process. This time, the CLAT 2025 counselling process will be held in three rounds instead of five rounds.

5:15 pm: CLAT UG Final Answer Key 2025: Modification in the final answer key of CLAT 2025

The table below indicates the modifications to the CLAT 2025 final answer key, including revised correct options and court-ordered changes across different sets of question papers.

Set A (*)

Set B (^)

Set C (O)

Set D (#)

Master Booklet (as per Supreme Court & Delhi High Court Judgments)

Option in Final Answer Key (Dec 7, 2024)

Correct Option

14

11

17

23

5

D

C

62

66

71

77

56

D

Marks will be awarded to all candidates who chose ‘C’ or ‘D’ as the correct option.

87

105

99

96

93

D

C

85

103

97

94

91

D

C

68

72

56

83

78

C

Objection to this question was rejected by the Delhi High Court. The Supreme Court was in agreement with the High Court’s Order. Thus, the correct option stays as C.

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5:00 pm: Publication of CLAT UG 2025 Merit List

The Consortium of NLUs will publish the first CLAT UG 2025 revised merit list on May 26, 2025 at 10 am.

4:00 pm: CLAT UG 2025 Counselling Schedule Out

The Consortium of NLUs has published the revised CLAT UG 2025 counselling schedule on May 17, 2025. The CLAT 2025 counselling registration window opened from May 17, 4 PM till May 21 up to 5 PM.

3:30 pm: CLAT UG 2025 Final Answer Key Out

The Consortium of NLUs has published the CLAT UG 2025 final answer key after modifications made by the Supreme Court judgement. In total, five questions in Logical Reasoning and two questions in Quantitative Techniques are withdrawn. Accordingly, the evaluation of candidates for the CLAT 2025 UG will be out of 113 marks instead of the originally announced 120 marks.

(Question Numbers as per Sets A, B, C, and D)

Set A (*)

Set B (^)

Set C (O)

Set D (#)

Master Booklet (as per Supreme Court & Delhi High Court Judgments)

Modification

89

107

101

92

95

Question Withdrawn

97

91

103

100

85

Question Withdrawn

99

93

105

102

87

Question Withdrawn

100

94

106

97

88

Question Withdrawn

102

96

108

99

90

Question Withdrawn

109

112

118

117

115

Question Withdrawn

110

113

119

118

116

Question Withdrawn

3:15 pm: CLAT UG 2025 Revised Result Out

The Consortium of National Law Universities (NLUs) has declared the CLAT 2025 revised results. Candidates who appeared for the exam can download their revised results by visiting the official website, consortiumofnlus.ac.in.

2:52 pm: CLAT 2025 revised results time

Given the consortium's continuous delay in publishing CLAT 2025 results, it is very difficult to predict a definite time for the result declaration. However, the consortium maintains that the CLAT revised results 2025 will be declared by evening today.

2:36 pm: CLAT 2025 revised results direct download link

The CLAT revised results will be available for download through the official website of consortium of NLUs - consortiumofnlus.ac.in. Candidates will be able to download their results by entering their application number and date of birth.

2:18 pm: What is causing the CLAT 2025 results delay?

The Consortium of NLUs earlier cited that the CLAT 2025 results were delayed as it was waiting for the written judgment of the Supreme Court on CLAT 2025 results. However, the judgment was published yesterday, but still the results have not been released yet.

1:50 pm: Are the CLAT 2025 revised results out?

No, the CLAT revised results 2025 are not out yet. The result process has been delayed although the consortium had told the SC it will publish the result in two hours yesterday. The CLAT results are expected today.

1:28 pm: CLAT revised results 2025 to be out by evening

The consortium of NLUs helpdesk now says that the CLAT 2025 revised results will be declared by evening today, May 17, 2025. Earlier, the helpdesk said that the CLAT results will be out by afternoon today.

12:45 pm: CLAT 2025 Revised Result: Login Credentials to Check Results

To check the revised result, candidates will need their mobile number and password. Otherwise, candidates will need their application number/admit card number and date of birth to check their CLAT 2025 revised scorecard.

10:41 am: How Many Students Appeared for CLAT 2025?

The Consortium of National Law Universities (NLUs) conducted the CLAT 2025 exam on December 01, 2024, in offline mode in around 100+ exam centres all across the country. For the CLAT 2025 exam, around 75000+ candidates have registered.

10:10 am: CLAT 2025 Update: Direct link to download CLAT 2025 revised result

Candidates can download their CLAT 2025 revised result by visiting the official website: consortiumofnlus.ac.in. The direct link to download the CLAT 2025 revised scorecard: consortiumofnlus.ac.in/clat-2025/view-result.html

9:48 am: What is Supreme Court Judgement on CLAT 2025?

On May 16, the Supreme Court dismissed a fresh Special Leave Petition filed by candidate Hardik Garg. Earlier, he had challenged three questions in the Delhi HC. All three of his objections were rejected in the Supreme Court. Earlier, the Supreme Court had passed the CLAT 2025 judgement on May 7, and answers to 5 questions were changed in the CLAT 2025 final answer key.

May 17, 2025: 8:45 am: Is CLAT UG revised result 2025 be declared today?

Yes, the Consortium of NLUs is expected to declare the CLAT 2025 revised results anytime soon at its official website- consortiumofnlus.ac.in. Earlier, the counsel representing the NLU Consortium informed the Supreme Court that they are ready to publish the revised results of the CLAT UG 2025 and are waiting for the uploading of the final order passed by the Supreme Court on May 7.

11:45 pm: CLAT 2025: Documents required for CLAT 2025 counselling

The list of documents required to appear for CLAT 2025 counselling is mentioned below:

  • Marksheet for Class 10th and Class 12th
  • CLAT 2025 admit card
  • Transfer certificate
  • Migration certificate
  • Caste certificate (if applicable)
  • Income certificate (if applicable)
  • Domicile certificate (if applicable)

11:30 pm: What after the CLAT 2025 revised result?

After the declaration of CLAT 2025 revised results, the Consortium of NLU will start the CLAT counselling registrations. Candidates with a valid score in the CLAT 2025 revised result can participate in the counselling registration by paying the counselling registration fee. The CLAT 2025 scores will be used by participating NLUs for admission into their five-year LLB programme.

11:00 pm: CLAT 2025 Revised Result: Counselling Schedule

The Supreme Court of India directed that the CLAT 2025 counselling process should commence within two weeks of the CLAT 2025 revised result announcement.

10:54 pm: How can you access the CLAT revised result 2025?

Candidates can check their CLAT 2025 revised scorecard on the official website: consortiumofnlus.ac.in by logging in with their registered mobile number and password.

10:15 pm: CLAT 2025 Result Tie Breaker Rule

  • Candidates with a higher score in the legal reasoning section will be ranked higher.
  • If the tie persists, the candidate senior in age will be ranked higher.
  • If the tie remains unresolved, computerised lots will be drawn.

09:54 pm: CLAT 2025 Revised Result: Midnight or tomorrow?

There have been no updates yet. The CLAT results are expected today, but the result time is not confirmed. If we look at previous trends, the CLAT results are usually announced during working hours, except for the 2022 CLAT, which was announced around 12 a.m.

4:45 pm: CLAT 2025 revised result timing

The revised result of CLAT 2025 is expected to be published in the evening today. During the SC hearing on May 16, the Consortium had informed the court that it is ready to release the result after receiving a copy of the judgment.

4:30 pm: CLAT 2025 revised result: Official website

The CLAT revised result 2025 will be declared shortly at consortiumofnlus.ac.in.

Screenshot%20from%202025-05-16%2015-40-35

4:00 pm: What is a good score in CLAT 2025?

A good score in CLAT 2025 depends on the candidate's targeted NLUs and category. However, securing around 95-100+ marks is considered a good score for general category candidates to secure admission to top NLUs.

3:34 pm: Details mentioned in CLAT 2025 revised result

The following details are mentioned in the revised result of CLAT 2025

  • Name of the candidate
  • Parent’s name
  • Roll number and application number
  • Marks obtained in the CLAT exam 2025
  • Overall rank
  • Category rank

3:15 pm: CLAT 2025 Revised Result Date and Time

The Consortium has not announced the time for the CLAT 2025 revised result yet. It is expected that the CLAT revised result will be out anytime soon. Candidates are advised to keep an eye on the website of Consortium of NLUs: consortiumofnlus.ac.in.

3:07 pm: When will CLAT 2025 counselling start?

The Consortium of NLUs will start the CLAT 2025 counselling within 2 weeks, i.e expected to be before May 28, 2025.

2:56 pm: CLAT 2025 revised result to be declared today

The Consortium of NLUs has informed the Supreme Court that it will declare the CLAT 2025 revised result by today evening. It will declare the revised CLAT 2025 result on the official website: consortiumofnlus.ac.in.

1:50 pm: How to check CLAT 2025 revised result?

Candidates will be able to check their CLAT 2025 revised scorecard by following these steps:

  • Visit the official website – consortiumofnlus.ac.in.
  • Log in and enter your registered mobile number and password.
  • Click on the ‘Submit’ button.
  • View and download the CLAT 2025 revised result; your rank, score, and qualifying status will be displayed in the screen.
  • Save and download the PDF or take a printout for counselling and admission procedures.

1:30 pm: Supreme Court publishes written judgment on CLAT 2025 results

The written judgment on the CLAT 2025 results by Supreme Court has been published on its website. The court has ordered the consortium of NLUs to publish the revised results and begin CLAT 2025 counselling within two weeks from May 7, 2025.

1747382664624

1:00 pm: Supreme Court Dismisses Petition by Hardik Garg

The SC dismissed the petition filed by Hardik Garg and directed the Consortium to publish the revised CLAT 2025 results.

12:52 pm: Supreme Court hears SLP challenging CLAT 2025 results

Supreme Court hears appeal by Hardik Garg against Delhi HC order which rejected three objections by him in respect of questions 81, 93 and 97. Consortium said that they will publish the final result in two hours, but the order is not up. In response, CJI B.R. Gavai said, "I have signed it yesterday evening. It will be published right now".

12:00 pm: SC Hearings Started

The Division Bench comprising of Justice B R Gavai and Justice A G Masih has started hearing the cases. The CLAT 2025 hearing will begin soon.

11:30 am: Division Bench for CLAT SC May 16 Hearing

The Division Bench comprising of Chief Justice and Justice A G Masih will hear the petition filed by Hardik Garg in the May 16 hearing.

11:10 am: CLAT Hearing Time

Hardik Garg's petition will be heard only after the petition scheduled before the ceremonial bench at 10:30 is completed.

9:00 am: Item No. for CLAT 2025 SC Hearing

The petition by Hardik Garg has been listed as item no. 37 in the supplementary cause list for May 16, 2025.

May 16, 2025: 7:45 am: CLAT 2025 SC Hearing Today

The Supreme Court is set to take up the Special Leave Petition filed by candidate Hardik Garg for hearing today. The candidate had earlier filed petitions in CLAT UG in the Delhi HC as well.

6:48 pm: New Petition in Supreme Court against Consortium of NLUs

A new petition has been filed in the Supreme Court against the Consortium of NLUs. The name of the petitioner is Hardik Garg, and the diary number is 25967/2025. The top court will be hearing a petition filed by candidate Hardik Garg against the Consortium of National Law Universities (NLUs) on May 16, 2025.

Screenshot%20from%202025-05-15%2018-41-28

4:30 pm: How much change will happen in the CLAT 2025 score after the CLAT 2025 SC Judgement?

A candidate’s score is likely to increase by up to 3.25 marks and decrease by up to 4.25 marks in the CLAT 2025 revised result after the Supreme Court judgement.

2:45 pm: Is CLAT 2025 revised result out?

No, the Consortium of NLUs is expected to publish the CLAT 2025 revised results anytime soon. As per the sources, the Consortium is currently working on updating the CLAT 2025 results as per the recent Supreme Court order. The revised result will be published shortly.

12:45 pm: How to download CLAT 2025 SC Judgement Copy?

  • Go to the official website of the Supreme Court of India: sci.gov.in
  • Select the "Case Status" tab
  • Choose one option: Diary Number/Case Number/ Party Name/ Court/ CNR Number
  • Provide the required details like the Diary Number, Diary Year, followed by CAPTCHA
  • Then, go to the "Judgement/Orders" tab
  • Click on the link and download the CLAT 2025 SC Judgement PDF

11:45 am: Details required to get CLAT 2025 SC Judgement Copy from the Supreme Court website

Candidates can use any of the following options to search for the CLAT 2025 SC judgement copy, which includes:

  • Diary Number
  • Case Number
  • Party Name
  • Court
  • CNR Number

10:45 am: CLAT 2025 SC Judgement Copy

Candidates can obtain the SC judgement copy from the Supreme Court's official website - sci.gov.in under the case status tab.

10:00 am: Qualifying Marks in CLAT 2025 Revised Result

There are no qualifying marks in CLAT 2025. Candidates must have a valid non-zero score and clear the cut-off for particulars to obtain a seat.

May 15, 2025 8:45 am: Diary Numbers for the two CLAT 2025 SC Cases

The two petitions that were heard in the CLAT 2025 SC hearing bear diary numbers 22324/2025 filed by Siddhi Sandeep Ladda and 24223/2025 filed by Aditya Singh. The status for both cases is currently "Disposed"

5:00 pm: CLAT PG Hearing on May 26

The Delhi HC will also hear three petitions on CLAT PG result on May 26, 2025. The hearing has been postponed twice earlier.

4:15 pm: Delhi HC Judgement on CLAT 2025 Revised Result

Earlier, the Delhi HC had delivered its judgement on CLAT UG. Only one question in its judgement has been upheld by the Supreme Court namely, Q.no 5 in the master booklet.

3:15 pm: Consortium's Latest Response on CLAT 2025 Revised Result

In a latest response issued by the Consortium of NLUs to a query posed by Careers360, it has informed that it is working on the updated CLAT 2025 results as per the SC order which will be published soon.

2:30 pm: Consortium Update on CLAT 2025 Counselling

Earlier in the week, the Consortium had informed that all the CLAT 2025 counselling invites and counselling payments will be honored. It serves as a temporary relief to the candidates who are anxious about their admission chances and the refund of the counselling registration fees.

2:00 pm: Questions With Changed Answer Key

The answers to two questions have been changed in the CLAT 2025 final answer key. The two questions are Q. no 5 and 56 in the master booklet.

12:30 pm: Withdrawn Questions in CLAT 2025 Final Answer Key

The SC has ordered the withdrawal of three questions from the CLAT 2025 final answer key. The three questions are Q. no 88, Q. no 115 and Q. no 116 from the master booklet.

11:50 am: Change in Marks in CLAT 2025 Revised Result

The calculations show that a candidate's marks in the CLAT 2025 revised result is expected to increase by a maximum of 3.25 marks and decrease by a maximum of 4.25 marks after the court judgements.

11:10 am: CLAT 2025 Revised Result Before This Weekend

The Consortium of NLUs has informed Careers360 that the CLAT 2025 revised result is expected to be out before the end of this week (i.e. by Sunday). The source further informed that currently, the Consortium is busy with discussions on planning the CLAT 2025 counselling schedule.

11:00 am: BR Gavai Sworn in As Next CJI

Justice Bhushan Ramkrishna Gavai who presided over the CLAT 2025 SC hearing on May 7, has been sworn in as the 52nd Chief Justice of India.

May 14, 2025 10:40 am: Why is the CLAT 2025 Revised Result Getting Delayed?

As per sources, the Consortium of NLUs is waiting for the SC official judgement document in matters of CLAT UG to be released. Once the judgement is out, the Consortium is expected to publish the CLAT 2025 revised result once the judgement is out.

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Questions related to CLAT

Have a question related to CLAT ?

With 30 marks in CLAT 2025, getting admission in NLU Jodhpur is not possible because its cutoff is usually very high. For general category, students need around 90–95 marks or a top rank. Even for SC/ST categories, the required score is much higher than 30. But don’t worry — you can try for other private law colleges that accept low CLAT scores or prepare again for CLAT 2026. With better preparation, you can get into a good law college next time.



For GGSIPU BA LLB through CLAT 2025, the expected cutoff rank for EWS category students from outside Delhi is around 8,500 to 12,000. This means if your CLAT rank is in this range, you may get admission. Cutoffs can change depending on how many students apply and available seats. So, keep checking official updates during counseling to know the exact cutoff and don’t lose hope!



Hello,

No, for admission in Law College Dhanbad , you do not need to give the CLAT exam. The college takes admission based on its own process or merit, not through CLAT.

Hope it helps !

Hello Aspirant,

With an AIR of 11,588 in CLAT 2025 and the OBC (Women) category rank of 2,068, your prospects at the top NLUs are not too bright. However, referring to the previous years' trends, you may have some chances of getting into some of the new/low-ranked NLUs in OBC-Women category. You can consider:

  1. NLU Sonipat (Dr. B.R. Ambedkar NLU)
  2. HNLU Raipur (in later rounds)
  3. DNLU Jabalpur
  4. MNLU Nagpur or Aurangabad
  5. MPDNLU (Bhopal) – depending on category cutoff trends
  6. RSNLU Ranchi or DSNLU Vizag – possible in spot or final rounds

Check this link: CLAT NLU Cut Off 2025

Hello Sushil,

You will be eligible to take the CLAT examination in December 2027.

Since you will be giving your Class 12 board exams in February 2027, you will not be eligible for the CLAT held in December 2026. CLAT requires candidates to either have passed or be appearing in the Class 12 examination in the same academic year of admission.

Important points:

  • CLAT is conducted in December for admission in the next academic year.

  • You must have completed or be appearing in Class 12 by the year of admission.

  • Since your Class 12 boards are in 2027, your valid CLAT attempt will be in December 2027.

You should prepare accordingly for the CLAT 2027 attempt.


I hope this answer helps you. If you have more queries, feel free to share your questions with us, and we will be happy to assist you.

Thank you, and I wish you all the best in your bright future.

View All

Read the passage carefully and answer the question

The Contract should be performed by the promisor himself. However, in certain cases, it can also be performed by his agents or legal representatives. It all depends upon the intention of the parties. Normally a contract can be performed by the following persons. 

  1. Promisor himself: If from the nature of the contract it appears that it was the intention of the parties that the promise should be performed by the promisor himself, such promise must be performed by the promisor. This usually applies to contracts involving personal skill, task, or artwork. 
  2. Promisor or his Agent: Where the contract does not involve the personal skill of the promisor, the contract could be performed by the promisor himself or by any competent person employed by him for the purpose, 
  3. Legal Representatives: The contracts which do not involve any personal skill or taste, may be performed by his legal representative after the death of the promisor.
  4. Third Person: In some cases, a contract may be performed by a third person provided the promisee accepts the arrangement. According to Section 41 of the Indian Contract Act, once the promisee accepts the performance from a third person, he cannot compel the promisor to perform the contract again. 
  5. Performance of Joint Promises: According to section 42 of the Indian Contract Act, when two or more persons have made a joint promise, the joint promisors must fulfill the promise jointly during their lifetime. And if any one of them dies, then his legal representatives and survivors must jointly fulfill the promise. 

Section 43 of the Indian Contract Act further provides that unless a contrary intention appears from the contract, each joint promisor may compel every other joint promisor to contribute equally to the performance of the promise. If any joint promisor makes a default in such contribution, the remaining joint promisors must bear the loss arising from such default in equal shares.

Question:

Aman received a box of chocolates from Basant and promised to pay Rupees 5000. Later on, A becomes bankrupt. Chetan who is a friend of Aman pays rupees 1000 to Besant on behalf of Aman. Aman is not aware of such a transaction. In civil court, insolvency proceedings have started against Aman. Meanwhile, Basant has also applied for a recovery of 5000 rupees. Decide.

Option: 1

Basant is entitled to recover the amount of 5000 from Aman.


Option: 2

Basant is entitled to recover the amount of 4000 from Aman.


Option: 3

Chetan is entitled to recover the amount of 1000 from Basant.


Option: 4

Basant cannot recover any amount from Aman as he has become insolvent.


Read the passage carefully and answer the question

The Contract should be performed by the promisor himself. However, in certain cases, it can also be performed by his agents or legal representatives. It all depends upon the intention of the parties. Normally a contract can be performed by the following persons. 

  1. Promisor himself: If from the nature of the contract it appears that it was the intention of the parties that the promise should be performed by the promisor himself, such promise must be performed by the promisor. This usually applies to contracts involving personal skill, task, or artwork. 
  2. Promisor or his Agent: Where the contract does not involve the personal skill of the promisor, the contract could be performed by the promisor himself or by any competent person employed by him for the purpose, 
  3. Legal Representatives: The contracts which do not involve any personal skill or taste, may be performed by his legal representative after the death of the promisor.
  4. Third Person: In some cases, a contract may be performed by a third person provided the promisee accepts the arrangement. According to Section 41 of the Indian Contract Act, once the promisee accepts the performance from a third person, he cannot compel the promisor to perform the contract again. 
  5. Performance of Joint Promises: According to section 42 of the Indian Contract Act, when two or more persons have made a joint promise, the joint promisors must fulfill the promise jointly during their lifetime. And if any one of them dies, then his legal representatives and survivors must jointly fulfill the promise. 

Section 43 of the Indian Contract Act further provides that unless a contrary intention appears from the contract, each joint promisor may compel every other joint promisor to contribute equally to the performance of the promise. If any joint promisor makes a default in such contribution, the remaining joint promisors must bear the loss arising from such default in equal shares.

Question:

K promises to paint a picture for L on a certain day, at a certain price. K dies before the day of the contract. Decide. 

Option: 1

The contract can be enforced by K’s representative 


Option: 2

The contract can be enforced by L


Option: 3

The contract can be enforced either by K’s representation or by L 


Option: 4

The contract cannot be enforced either by K’s representative, or L


Read the passage carefully and answer the question

The Contract should be performed by the promisor himself. However, in certain cases, it can also be performed by his agents or legal representatives. It all depends upon the intention of the parties. Normally a contract can be performed by the following persons. 

  1. Promisor himself: If from the nature of the contract it appears that it was the intention of the parties that the promise should be performed by the promisor himself, such promise must be performed by the promisor. This usually applies to contracts involving personal skill, task, or artwork. 
  2. Promisor or his Agent: Where the contract does not involve the personal skill of the promisor, the contract could be performed by the promisor himself or by any competent person employed by him for the purpose, 
  3. Legal Representatives: The contracts which do not involve any personal skill or taste, may be performed by his legal representative after the death of the promisor.
  4. Third Person: In some cases, a contract may be performed by a third person provided the promisee accepts the arrangement. According to Section 41 of the Indian Contract Act, once the promisee accepts the performance from a third person, he cannot compel the promisor to perform the contract again. 
  5. Performance of Joint Promises: According to section 42 of the Indian Contract Act, when two or more persons have made a joint promise, the joint promisors must fulfill the promise jointly during their lifetime. And if any one of them dies, then his legal representatives and survivors must jointly fulfill the promise. 

Section 43 of the Indian Contract Act further provides that unless a contrary intention appears from the contract, each joint promisor may compel every other joint promisor to contribute equally to the performance of the promise. If any joint promisor makes a default in such contribution, the remaining joint promisors must bear the loss arising from such default in equal shares.

Question:

Rohan has agreed to manage the catering services during the marriage of Sohan’s son Ramu. On the day of marriage, Rohan felt ill and sent his manager to the management of catering services. Ramu happily gets married to Tina and people appreciated the food and decoration of the event. When Rohan asked Sohan for the remaining amount, he denied it because Rohan himself had not managed so it is a breach. Decide.

 

Option: 1

Rohan is not entitled to get the remaining amount due to a breach of contract.


Option: 2

Rohan is entitled to sue Sohan for the remaining amount.


Option: 3

Rohan is entitled to sue Ramu because it was his marriage.


Option: 4

Instead of Rohan, his manager can only sue Sohan for the breach.


Read the passage and answer the question that follow.

Natural justice is another name for common sense justice rules of natural justice are not in codified form these principles are embedded or ingrained or inbuilt in the conscience of human beings. It supplies the omission made in codified law and helps in the administration of justice. Natural justice is not only confined to ‘fairness’ it will take many shades and colours based on the context. Thus natural justice apart from ‘fairness’ also implies reasonableness, equity and equality. They are neither cast in a rigid mould nor can they be put in a legal straitjacket. These principles written by nature in the heart of mankind, they are immutable, inviolable, and inalienable.

It is true that the concept of natural justice is not very clear and, therefore, it is not possible to define it; yet the principles of natural justice are accepted and enforced. In the case of Ridge V. Baldwin Court observed that “in modern times have sometimes been expressed to the effect that natural justice is as vague as to be practically meaningless. But I would regard these as tainted by the perennial fallacy that because something cannot be cut and dried or nicely weighed or measured therefore it does not exist”. The term natural justice signifies fundamental rules of judicial procedure and fair play in action. According to Lord Widgery “the principles of natural justice were those fundamental rules; the breach will prevent justice from being seen to be done”. Earliest expression of ‘natural justice’ could be found in the philosophical expression of Roman Jurist (jus natural) and signified rules and principles for the conduct of man which were independent of enacted law or customs and could be discovered by the rational intelligence of man and would grow out of and conform to his nature.

The rule against bias that surfaced in 1610 in Dr Bonham's Casewhere Chief Justice Coke went so far as to say that the Court could declare an Act of Parliament void if it made a man as judge in his own cause, or otherwise ‘against common right and reason’. This was one of his grounds for disallowing the claim of the College of Physicians to fine and imprison Doctor Bonham, a Doctor of Physics of Cambridge University, for practising in the city of London without the licence of College of Physicians. The statute under which the College acted provided that fines should go half to the King half to the College so that the College had a financial interest in its own judgement and was judged in its own cause.

Question:

X is a student of a college and his father Y is a professor in the same college. In one instance, X is caught to be involved in unparliamentary activities inside the college campus. The enquiry committee is set up and Y is appointed as the head of the committee. Decide.

Option: 1

Y is a professor of the same college hence he can become a member of the enquiry committee


Option: 2

Y is X’s father hence he should not be a part of the enquiry committee


Option: 3

Y can be a part of the enquiry committee but cannot be its head


Option: 4

There is no rule that prevents the appointment of Y until he fulfils his function diligently


Read the passage and answer the question that follow.

Natural justice is another name for common sense justice rules of natural justice are not in codified form these principles are embedded or ingrained or inbuilt in the conscience of human beings. It supplies the omission made in codified law and helps in the administration of justice. Natural justice is not only confined to ‘fairness’ it will take many shades and colours based on the context. Thus natural justice apart from ‘fairness’ also implies reasonableness, equity and equality. They are neither cast in a rigid mould nor can they be put in a legal straitjacket. These principles written by nature in the heart of mankind, they are immutable, inviolable, and inalienable.

It is true that the concept of natural justice is not very clear and, therefore, it is not possible to define it; yet the principles of natural justice are accepted and enforced. In the case of Ridge V. Baldwin Court observed that “in modern times have sometimes been expressed to the effect that natural justice is as vague as to be practically meaningless. But I would regard these as tainted by the perennial fallacy that because something cannot be cut and dried or nicely weighed or measured therefore it does not exist”. The term natural justice signifies fundamental rules of judicial procedure and fair play in action. According to Lord Widgery “the principles of natural justice were those fundamental rules; the breach will prevent justice from being seen to be done”. Earliest expression of ‘natural justice’ could be found in the philosophical expression of Roman Jurist (jus natural) and signified rules and principles for the conduct of man which were independent of enacted law or customs and could be discovered by the rational intelligence of man and would grow out of and conform to his nature.

The rule against bias that surfaced in 1610 in Dr Bonham's Casewhere Chief Justice Coke went so far as to say that the Court could declare an Act of Parliament void if it made a man as judge in his own cause, or otherwise ‘against common right and reason’. This was one of his grounds for disallowing the claim of the College of Physicians to fine and imprison Doctor Bonham, a Doctor of Physics of Cambridge University, for practising in the city of London without the licence of College of Physicians. The statute under which the College acted provided that fines should go half to the King half to the College so that the College had a financial interest in its own judgement and was judged in its own cause.

Question:

Mr X is an employee of a corporate office. His wife Y is a judge. In one instance, X is found to be involved in a money laundering case at his office. The office now files a suit and Y is appointed as the judge for this case. Decide.

Option: 1

Y is a judge by herself, hence can be appointed to adjudicate this case


Option: 2

Y is can be appointed as a judge only if she fulfils her responsibilities without any bias


Option: 3

Y can adjudicate the case and if the company finds the penalty to be insufficient then they can appeal against it


Option: 4

Y cannot be the judge in this case ab initio


Read the passage and answer the question that follow.

Natural justice is another name for common sense justice rules of natural justice are not in codified form these principles are embedded or ingrained or inbuilt in the conscience of human beings. It supplies the omission made in codified law and helps in the administration of justice. Natural justice is not only confined to ‘fairness’ it will take many shades and colours based on the context. Thus natural justice apart from ‘fairness’ also implies reasonableness, equity and equality. They are neither cast in a rigid mould nor can they be put in a legal straitjacket. These principles written by nature in the heart of mankind, they are immutable, inviolable, and inalienable.

It is true that the concept of natural justice is not very clear and, therefore, it is not possible to define it; yet the principles of natural justice are accepted and enforced. In the case of Ridge V. Baldwin Court observed that “in modern times have sometimes been expressed to the effect that natural justice is as vague as to be practically meaningless. But I would regard these as tainted by the perennial fallacy that because something cannot be cut and dried or nicely weighed or measured therefore it does not exist”. The term natural justice signifies fundamental rules of judicial procedure and fair play in action. According to Lord Widgery “the principles of natural justice were those fundamental rules; the breach will prevent justice from being seen to be done”. Earliest expression of ‘natural justice’ could be found in the philosophical expression of Roman Jurist (jus natural) and signified rules and principles for the conduct of man which were independent of enacted law or customs and could be discovered by the rational intelligence of man and would grow out of and conform to his nature.

The rule against bias that surfaced in 1610 in Dr Bonham's Casewhere Chief Justice Coke went so far as to say that the Court could declare an Act of Parliament void if it made a man as judge in his own cause, or otherwise ‘against common right and reason’. This was one of his grounds for disallowing the claim of the College of Physicians to fine and imprison Doctor Bonham, a Doctor of Physics of Cambridge University, for practising in the city of London without the licence of College of Physicians. The statute under which the College acted provided that fines should go half to the King half to the College so that the College had a financial interest in its own judgement and was judged in its own cause.

Question:

X was a renowned cricketer in the 1980s. His son Y is a struggling cricketer who has been trying to get into the national team for many years. In the year 2020, X is appointed as a member of the selection committee. In the match which is supposed to decide the final team of the nation, Y scores a century and Z scores 65 runs. However, Z is selected to represent India and Y is not. Y now appeals against the decision, the main ground being the presence of X in the committee. Decide.

Option: 1

The appeal will stand as Y scored a century yet Z was selected after scoring 65 runs


Option: 2

The appeal will be quashed since X’s presence should have benefitted Y, but it didn’t, hence the rejection of Y is valid


Option: 3

The appeal will stand as X’s presence is a factor of bias


Option: 4

The appeal will be quashed since X was a renowned cricketer


Read the passage and answer the question that follow.

Natural justice is another name for common sense justice rules of natural justice are not in codified form these principles are embedded or ingrained or inbuilt in the conscience of human beings. It supplies the omission made in codified law and helps in the administration of justice. Natural justice is not only confined to ‘fairness’ it will take many shades and colours based on the context. Thus natural justice apart from ‘fairness’ also implies reasonableness, equity and equality. They are neither cast in a rigid mould nor can they be put in a legal straitjacket. These principles written by nature in the heart of mankind, they are immutable, inviolable, and inalienable.

It is true that the concept of natural justice is not very clear and, therefore, it is not possible to define it; yet the principles of natural justice are accepted and enforced. In the case of Ridge V. Baldwin Court observed that “in modern times have sometimes been expressed to the effect that natural justice is as vague as to be practically meaningless. But I would regard these as tainted by the perennial fallacy that because something cannot be cut and dried or nicely weighed or measured therefore it does not exist”. The term natural justice signifies fundamental rules of judicial procedure and fair play in action. According to Lord Widgery “the principles of natural justice were those fundamental rules; the breach will prevent justice from being seen to be done”. Earliest expression of ‘natural justice’ could be found in the philosophical expression of Roman Jurist (jus natural) and signified rules and principles for the conduct of man which were independent of enacted law or customs and could be discovered by the rational intelligence of man and would grow out of and conform to his nature.

The rule against bias that surfaced in 1610 in Dr Bonham's Casewhere Chief Justice Coke went so far as to say that the Court could declare an Act of Parliament void if it made a man as judge in his own cause, or otherwise ‘against common right and reason’. This was one of his grounds for disallowing the claim of the College of Physicians to fine and imprison Doctor Bonham, a Doctor of Physics of Cambridge University, for practising in the city of London without the licence of College of Physicians. The statute under which the College acted provided that fines should go half to the King half to the College so that the College had a financial interest in its own judgement and was judged in its own cause.

Question:

X is a married judge who is well known for his honesty in the entire city. He has a son Y. One fine day Y gets kidnapped and the kidnapper demands a sum of 20 lakhs from X. However, the kidnapper is caught by the police. X is now appointed as the judge for the hearing of the kidnapper. Decide.

Option: 1

X can be the judge since he can decide the punishment better as he was the sufferer


Option: 2

X cannot be the judge since there is a possibility that he will be biased while delivering the judgement


Option: 3

X can be the judge since he is renowned for his honesty and fulfil his duties


Option: 4

X can be the judge but his statement can be appealed against if delivered with bias


Read the passage and answer the question that follow.

Natural justice is another name for common sense justice rules of natural justice are not in codified form these principles are embedded or ingrained or inbuilt in the conscience of human beings. It supplies the omission made in codified law and helps in the administration of justice. Natural justice is not only confined to ‘fairness’ it will take many shades and colours based on the context. Thus natural justice apart from ‘fairness’ also implies reasonableness, equity and equality. They are neither cast in a rigid mould nor can they be put in a legal straitjacket. These principles written by nature in the heart of mankind, they are immutable, inviolable, and inalienable.

It is true that the concept of natural justice is not very clear and, therefore, it is not possible to define it; yet the principles of natural justice are accepted and enforced. In the case of Ridge V. Baldwin Court observed that “in modern times have sometimes been expressed to the effect that natural justice is as vague as to be practically meaningless. But I would regard these as tainted by the perennial fallacy that because something cannot be cut and dried or nicely weighed or measured therefore it does not exist”. The term natural justice signifies fundamental rules of judicial procedure and fair play in action. According to Lord Widgery “the principles of natural justice were those fundamental rules; the breach will prevent justice from being seen to be done”. Earliest expression of ‘natural justice’ could be found in the philosophical expression of Roman Jurist (jus natural) and signified rules and principles for the conduct of man which were independent of enacted law or customs and could be discovered by the rational intelligence of man and would grow out of and conform to his nature.

The rule against bias that surfaced in 1610 in Dr Bonham's Casewhere Chief Justice Coke went so far as to say that the Court could declare an Act of Parliament void if it made a man as judge in his own cause, or otherwise ‘against common right and reason’. This was one of his grounds for disallowing the claim of the College of Physicians to fine and imprison Doctor Bonham, a Doctor of Physics of Cambridge University, for practising in the city of London without the licence of College of Physicians. The statute under which the College acted provided that fines should go half to the King half to the College so that the College had a financial interest in its own judgement and was judged in its own cause.

Question:

X and Y have been married for five years. X is a judge and Y is a doctor. X is pretty much unhappy with his married life so he wants to divorce Y. Y refuses to agree to a divorce by mutual consent hence X files a suit against Y. Decide.

Option: 1

X cannot file a suit since he is a judge


Option: 2

X can file a suit against Y in legal capacity but not as a judge


Option: 3

X cannot file a divorce suit against Y since there is no valid ground for divorce


Option: 4

X can proceed with mutual consent but not contested divorce


Read the passage and answer the question that follow.

In the case of M/S Halonex Limited, 59-A Noida vs State of U.P., it was held that “In reply to the aforesaid submission, learned counsel for opposite party no.2 submitted that the case of the applicants that no amount is due from their side to the complainant is a matter of defence which cannot be considered at this stage. It has been submitted that the term 'entrustment' as used in Section 405 IPC has been given a wider interpretation. It has been submitted that the goods returned by the complainant to the Company for replacement or for reimbursement would be deemed to have been entrusted to the Company and as the applicants 2 & 3 were handling its affair they become responsible. To buttress the said submission, the learned counsel for the complainant drew the attention of the Court to a decision of the Apex Court in the case of Ram Narayan Popli Vs. Central Bureau of Investigation: (2003) 3 SCC 641, wherein it was observed that: "the term "entrustment" is not necessarily a term of law. It may have different implications in different contexts. In its most general signification all it imports is the handing over possession for some purpose which may not imply the conferring of any proprietary right at all." Attention was also drawn to an observation made in the judgment of the aforesaid case, where it was observed that: "to establish the charge of criminal breach of trust, the prosecution is not obliged to prove the precise mode of conversion, misappropriation or misapplication by the accused of the property entrusted to him or over which he has dominion. The principal ingredient of the offence being dishonest misappropriation or conversion which may not ordinarily be a matter of direct proof, entrustment of property and failure in breach of an obligation to account for the property entrusted if proved, may, in the light of other circumstances, justifiably lead to an inference of dishonest misappropriation or conversion”.

Question:

X tracks down an expensive necklace on the road. Not knowing to whom it belongs. X sells it promptly to a jeweller without attempting to find the owner or submitting the necklace to the authorities. Decide the liability of X.

Option: 1

Extortion


Option: 2

Criminal breach of trust


Option: 3

Theft


Option: 4

Criminal misappropriation of Property


Read the passage and answer the question that follow.

In the case of M/S Halonex Limited, 59-A Noida vs State of U.P., it was held that “In reply to the aforesaid submission, learned counsel for opposite party no.2 submitted that the case of the applicants that no amount is due from their side to the complainant is a matter of defence which cannot be considered at this stage. It has been submitted that the term 'entrustment' as used in Section 405 IPC has been given a wider interpretation. It has been submitted that the goods returned by the complainant to the Company for replacement or for reimbursement would be deemed to have been entrusted to the Company and as the applicants 2 & 3 were handling its affair they become responsible. To buttress the said submission, the learned counsel for the complainant drew the attention of the Court to a decision of the Apex Court in the case of Ram Narayan Popli Vs. Central Bureau of Investigation: (2003) 3 SCC 641, wherein it was observed that: "the term "entrustment" is not necessarily a term of law. It may have different implications in different contexts. In its most general signification all it imports is the handing over possession for some purpose which may not imply the conferring of any proprietary right at all." Attention was also drawn to an observation made in the judgment of the aforesaid case, where it was observed that: "to establish the charge of criminal breach of trust, the prosecution is not obliged to prove the precise mode of conversion, misappropriation or misapplication by the accused of the property entrusted to him or over which he has dominion. The principal ingredient of the offence being dishonest misappropriation or conversion which may not ordinarily be a matter of direct proof, entrustment of property and failure in breach of an obligation to account for the property entrusted if proved, may, in the light of other circumstances, justifiably lead to an inference of dishonest misappropriation or conversion”.

Question:

P borrows from L his phone for using it to call his parents. However, when L is distracted, P removes the memory card of the phone and later on sells it. Decide the liability of P.

Option: 1

P is guilty under dishonest misappropriation of property

 


Option: 2

P is not guilty for any offence since the phone was given with consent


Option: 3

P is guilty for theft


Option: 4

P has been handed over the phone, so he has the right to use it as he likes


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