CLAT 2025 Second Merit List, Cut-Off (Out) LIVE: NLU Wise Opening & Closing Ranks for Round 1 and Round 2

CLAT 2025 Second Merit List, Cut-Off (Out) LIVE: NLU Wise Opening & Closing Ranks for Round 1 and Round 2

Edited By Sumeet Sudarshan | Updated on Jun 04, 2025 06:09 PM IST | #CLAT

The Consortium of National Law Universities has published the second CLAT UG 2025 merit list on June 4, 2025, at 10 am. Candidates can download the CLAT 2025 second merit list for each NLU from the official website - consortiumofnlus.ac.in. For candidate's convenience the CLAT 2025 round 2 category-wise cutoff for each NLU has been given in this article. Shortlisted candidates will be eligible to obtain CLAT 2025 seat allotment. The CLAT 2025 allotment list is provisional as the candidates are required to pay the confirmation fee by June 9 by 1 pm and the university fee by June 14 by 5 pm. The CLAT cut-off 2025 for the second round is also available in the merit list in the form of the rank of the last admitted candidate from various categories. Read the complete article for all the live updates related to CLAT 2025 second round cutoff 2025, NLSIU Bengaluru cutoff 2025 round 2, top 10 NLUs cutoff round 2 and other important information.

CLAT 2025 Second Merit List, Cut-Off (Out) LIVE: NLU Wise Opening & Closing Ranks for Round 1 and Round 2
CLAT 2025 Second Merit List, Cut-Off (Out) LIVE: NLU Wise Opening & Closing Ranks for Round 1 and Round 2

The CLAT merit list will be published for each round of counselling. The Consortium of NLUs published the CLAT UG 2025 revised result on May 17, 2025, and restarted the counselling process with a revised schedule. There are three rounds of CLAT 2025 counselling, and candidates will be admitted into 5-year LLB programmes of participating NLUs.

CLAT 2025 Second Merit List Date and Time

Particulars

Details

CLAT 2025 Second Merit List Release Date

June 4, 2025

CLAT 2025 Second Merit List Release Time

10 am

Payment deadline for the confirmation feeJune 9, 2025 by 1 pm
Payment deadline for the university feeJune 14, 2025 by 5 pm

How to Download CLAT 2025 Second Merit List?

Candidates can download the second merit list of CLAT 2025 by following the steps given below -

  • Visit the official website - consortiumofnlus.ac.in

  • Click on the 2nd provisional allotment list

  • Click on the desired NLU

  • The CLAT 2025 second merit list will be displayed on the screen

  • Download and save the merit list for future reference

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UPES Integrated LLB Admissions 2025

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Details Mentioned in Second CLAT PG Merit List

The second merit list of CLAT UG 2025 will contain the following details:

  • All India rank

  • Admit card no.

  • Vertical reservation

  • Horizontal reservation

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CLAT 2025 Round 2 Cut-Off Details

The table given below provides the category-wise closing ranks for various NLUs in the second round of CLAT 2025 counselling.

CLAT 2025 Cut-Off (Round 2)

NLUClosing rank - GeneralOBC Closing rank SC Closing rank ST Closing rankEWS Closing rank
NLSIU Bengaluru1121396--703
NALSAR Hyderabad159
3251
546
NLIU Bhopal (BA LLB)480---1377
NLIU Bhopal (BSc LLB)91524648625
1997
WBNUJS Kolkata( BA LLB)3274168*4753--
WBNUJS Kolkata (BSc.LLB Hons)6924596*6987--
NLU Jodhpur367176154455955986
HNLU Raipur8072408766010507
GNLU Gandhinagar443223059348568-
GNLU Silvassa Campus137226208826151122620
RMLNLU Lucknow7553769*11228*-2088*
RGNUL Patiala1260-878511901-
CNLU Patna (BA LLB)13987359*11590*-1950*
CNLU Patna (BBA LLB)15478139*12662*-2316*
NUALS Kochi1341----
NLU Odisha BA LLB1007-724712211-
NLU Odisha BBA LLB1170-789113134-
NUSRL Ranchi BA LLB164334459716150062446
NUSRL Ranchi BBA LLB1729385511351-2551
NLUJA Assam205140275*25783*39689*-
DSNLU Visakhapatnam162333989330150232180
TNNLU Tiruchirappalli BA LLB173640811032715384-
TNNLU Tiruchirappalli BCom LLB1838486612470--
MNLU Mumbai558----
MNLU Nagpur - BA LLB147314830*21810*-16868*
MNLU Nagpur - BBA LLB155515059*26619*58982*19846*
MNLU Aurangabad- BA LLB1831-26434*58389*23203*
MNLU Aurangabad - BBA LLB155515059*26619*58,982*19846*
HPNLU Shimla - BA LLB2320-1159717192-
HPNLU Shimla - BBA LLB2395-1318118531-
MPDNLU Jabalpur2215422812539200382714
DBRANLU Sonepat1886418612802196982669
NLUT Agartala2518-51553*--
RPNLU Prayagraj23265097*21354*--
IIULER Goa BA LLB2541535013346204613257
IIULER Goa BA LLB2562544413793208463448
ICFAI-LAW School BA-LLB / BBA-LLB Admissions 2025

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CLAT 2025 Second Merit List and Cut-Off: Latest Updates

In this section, get all the latest updates about the CLAT 2025 second merit list and cut-off scheduled to be published on June 4, 2025.

5:59 pm: CNLU BBA LLB Cutoff 2025 for second round of counselling

Reservation

Opening Rank

2025

Closing Rank

2025 Round 1

Closing Rank Round 2

Closing rank 2024

General

1215

1424

1547

1552

BC-BR

3106

3905

4113

EBC-BR

3594

7413

8139

EWS-BH

1928

2262

Closed

SC-BR

12269

15604

12662

ST-BR

27043

27043

Closed

4:47 pm: CNLU BA LLB Cutoff 2025 for second round of counselling

Reservation

Opening Rank

2025

Closing Rank

2025 Round 1

Closing Rank Round 2

Closing rank 2024

General

882

1278

1398

1358

BC-BR

2363

3083

3228

EBC-BR

1861

6323

7359

EWS-BH

1420

1922

Closed

SC-BR

7884

11577

11590

3:41 pm: MNLU Mumbai BA LLB round 2 cutoff for CLAT 2025

Reservation

Opening Rank

2025

Closing Rank

2025 Round 1

Closing rank

2025 Round 2

Closing Rank 2024

General

443

536

558

590

General - W

418

528

552


OBC-MH

4161

7008

Closed


EWS-MH

2524

7523

Closed


SC-MH

7180

12388

13096 (W)


ST-MH

10288

13124

34250 (W)


3:16 pm: RMNLU Lucknow second round cutoff for CLAT 2025 counselling

Reservation

Opening Rank

2025

Closing rank

2025 Round 1

Closing rank

2025 Round 2

Closing rank 2024

General

461

721

755

764

General - W

460

710

771


EWS-UP

1327

1370

2088


OBC-UP

1064

3354

3769


SC-UP

1832

11064

11228


ST-UP

19305

19305

Closed


2:55 pm: NLIU Bhopal BA LLB second round cutoff for CLAT 2025

Reservation

Opening Rank

2025

Closing rank

2025 Round 1

Closing rank

2025 Round 2

Closing rank 2024

General

257

458

480

450

General - W

336

455

479


General GC-MP

400

400

1106 (W)


EWS

787

1261

1377


OBC

1658

1757

2212 (W)


SC

5077

5763

6085 (W)


ST

6166

8243

17523 (MP-W)


2:29 pm: NLIU Bhopal BSc LLB second round cutoff for CLAT 2025

Reservation

Opening Rank

2025

Closing Rank

2025 Round 1

Closing Rank 2025 Round 2

General GC-MP*

1331

2236

2276

General

486

821

915

General - W

438

843

Closed

EWS

1338

1890

1997

OBC

2217

2453

2464

SC

6764

7200

8625

ST

10384

11901

14978 (W)

1:43 pm: GNLU Gandhinagar CLAT 2025 round 2 cutoff

Reservation

Opening Ranks

2025

Closing rank

2025 Round 1

Closing rank

2025 Round 2

Closing rank 2024

General

236

402

443

464

General- W

207

403

438


General GC-GJ

195

195

2609


EWS

819

1118

1263


OBC

1396

2138

2230


SC

974

5796

5934


ST

4457

7639

8568


12:55 pm: NLU Jodhpur round 2 cutoff 2025 for BA LLB

Reservation

Opening Ranks

2025

Closing rank

2025 Round 1

Closing rank

2025 Round 2

Closing rank 2024

General

159

357

367

379

General GC-RJ

173

348

580


EWS

542

910

986


OBC

1307

1699

1761


SC

3343

4659

5445


ST

4343

5232

5955


12:32 pm: WBNUJS Kolkata round 2 cutoff 2025 for BA LLB

Reservation

Opening Ranks

2025

Closing rank

2025 Round 1

Closing rank

2025 Round 2

Closing rank 2024

General

57

285

327

279

GC-WB

338

1049

1093


SC

3048

3952

4753


ST

4823

6343

18509 (WB)


OBC-A-WB

6867

10297

Closed


OBC-B-WB

1359

3792

4168


12:13 pm: WBNUJS Kolkata round 2 cutoff 2025 for BSc LLB

Reservation

Opening Ranks

2025

Closing rank

2025 Round 1

Closing rank

2025 Round 2

GC-WB

1058

1362

1424

General

299

652

692

SC

4244

6584

6987

ST

8994

9739

28363

OBC-A-WB

13343

13417

Closed

OBC-B-WB

4168

4168

4596

11:51 am: NALSAR Hyderabad cutoff 2025 for CLAT counselling round 2

Reservation

Opening Ranks

2025

Closing rank

2025 Round 1

Closing rank

2025 Round 2

Closing rank 2024

General

17

150

162

167

GC-TL

183

607

Closed


General - W

93

155

161


OBC

333

1219

Closed


EWS

372

513

546


SC

1483

3177

3251


ST

1311

3621

Closed


11:32 am: CLAT 2025 round 2 cutoff for NLSIU Bengaluru

Reservation

Opening Rank

2025

Closing Rank

2025 Round 1

Closing Rank Round 2

Closing rank 2024

General

1

100

112

102

General- W

5

105

109


General GC-KA

29

104

Closed


EWS

119

694

703


OBC

209

1302

1396


SC

182

2881

3130 (W)


ST

678

3396

4327 (W)


KA-Students

318

428

437


10 am: CLAT 2025 Second Merit List Out

The second CLAT 2025 allotment list is now available for download on the consortium's official website. The allotment is provisional as candidates have to complete certain procedures.

June 4, 2025, 9 am: CLAT 2025 Second Merit List Today

The Consortium of NLUs will publish the second CLAT 2025 merit list today, June 4, 2025 at 10 am on its official website - consortiumofnlus.ac.in

5:45 pm: NLU Odisha BA LLB Round 1 Cut-Off

The category-wise cut-off for NLU Odisha BA LLB is given in the table below

Vertical ReservationOpening RanksClosing Ranks
General469943
SC31966557
ST892011889

5:10 pm: NLIU Bhopal BSc LLB Round 1 Cut-Off

The category-wise cut-off for NLIU Bhopal BSc LLB is given in the table below

Category

Opening rank

Closing rank

EWS

1338

1890

General

486

821

OBC

2217

2453

SC

6764

7200

ST

10384

11901


4:30 pm: NLIU Bhopal BA LLB Round 1 Cut-Off

The category-wise cut-off for NLIU Bhopal BA LLB is given in the table below

Category

Opening rank

Closing rank

EWS

787

1261

General

257

458

OBC

1658

1757

SC

5077

5763

ST

6166

8243

4 pm: RMLNLU Lucknow Round 1 Cut-Off

The category-wise cut-off for RMLNLU Lucknow is given in the table below

Vertical ReservationOpening RankClosing Rank
EWS-UP13271370
General461721
OBC-UP10643354
SC-UP183211064
ST-UP1930519305


3:30 pm: NLU Jodhpur Round 1 Cut-Off

The category-wise cut-off for NLU Jodhpur is given in the table below

Vertical ReservationOpening RankClosing Rank
EWS542910
General159357
OBC13071699
SC33434659
ST43435232


3:05 pm: GNLU Gandhinagar Round 1 Cut-Off

The category-wise cut-off for GNLU Gandhinagar is given in the table below

Vertical ReservationOpening rankClosing rank
EWS8191118
General236402
OBC13962138
SC9745796
ST44577639

2:45 pm: WBNUJS Kolkata BSc LLB Round 1 Cut-Off

The category-wise cut-off for WBNUJS Kolkata BSc LLB is given in the table below

Vertical ReservationOpening rankClosing rank
General299652
OBC-A-WB1334313417
OBC-B-WB41684168
SC42446584
ST89949739


2:20 pm: WBNUJS Kolkata BA LLB Round 1 Cut-Off

The category-wise cut-off for WBNUJS Kolkata BA LLB is given in the table below

Vertical ReservationOpening rankClosing rank
General57285
OBC-A-WB686710297
OBC-B-WB13593792
SC30483952
ST48236343


2: pm: NALSAR Hyderabad Round 1 Cut-Off

The category-wise cut-off for NALSAR Hyderabad is given in the table below

Vertical ReservationOpening RankClosing rank
EWS372513
General17150
OBC3331219
SC14833177
ST13113621


12:50 pm: NLSIU Bengaluru Round 1 Cut-Off

The NLU cut-off for NLSIU Bengaluru is given in the table below.

Vertical ReservationOpening rankClosing rank
General1100
EWS119694
SC1822881
OBC2091302
ST6783396


12:20 pm: CLAT 2025 Round 2 Cut-Off

The CLAT cut-off 2025 for the second round of counselling will also be available through the CLAT 2025 merit list in the form of the rank of the last candidate admitted into a particular category.

12:00 pm: Details Mentioned in CLAT 2025 Second Merit List

The second CLAT 2025 allotment list will include details of the candidates shortlisted for counselling. The details include the candidate's All India rank, admit card no, vertical reservation, and horizontal reservation.

June 3, 2025, 11:45 am: CLAT Second Merit List Date and Time

The Consortium of National Law Universities will publish the second merit list of CLAT 2025 on June 4, 2025 at 10 am on its official website - consortiumofnlus.ac.in

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Questions related to CLAT

Have a question related to CLAT ?

With 30 marks in CLAT 2025, getting admission in NLU Jodhpur is not possible because its cutoff is usually very high. For general category, students need around 90–95 marks or a top rank. Even for SC/ST categories, the required score is much higher than 30. But don’t worry — you can try for other private law colleges that accept low CLAT scores or prepare again for CLAT 2026. With better preparation, you can get into a good law college next time.



For GGSIPU BA LLB through CLAT 2025, the expected cutoff rank for EWS category students from outside Delhi is around 8,500 to 12,000. This means if your CLAT rank is in this range, you may get admission. Cutoffs can change depending on how many students apply and available seats. So, keep checking official updates during counseling to know the exact cutoff and don’t lose hope!



Hello,

No, for admission in Law College Dhanbad , you do not need to give the CLAT exam. The college takes admission based on its own process or merit, not through CLAT.

Hope it helps !

Hello Aspirant,

With an AIR of 11,588 in CLAT 2025 and the OBC (Women) category rank of 2,068, your prospects at the top NLUs are not too bright. However, referring to the previous years' trends, you may have some chances of getting into some of the new/low-ranked NLUs in OBC-Women category. You can consider:

  1. NLU Sonipat (Dr. B.R. Ambedkar NLU)
  2. HNLU Raipur (in later rounds)
  3. DNLU Jabalpur
  4. MNLU Nagpur or Aurangabad
  5. MPDNLU (Bhopal) – depending on category cutoff trends
  6. RSNLU Ranchi or DSNLU Vizag – possible in spot or final rounds

Check this link: CLAT NLU Cut Off 2025

Hello Sushil,

You will be eligible to take the CLAT examination in December 2027.

Since you will be giving your Class 12 board exams in February 2027, you will not be eligible for the CLAT held in December 2026. CLAT requires candidates to either have passed or be appearing in the Class 12 examination in the same academic year of admission.

Important points:

  • CLAT is conducted in December for admission in the next academic year.

  • You must have completed or be appearing in Class 12 by the year of admission.

  • Since your Class 12 boards are in 2027, your valid CLAT attempt will be in December 2027.

You should prepare accordingly for the CLAT 2027 attempt.


I hope this answer helps you. If you have more queries, feel free to share your questions with us, and we will be happy to assist you.

Thank you, and I wish you all the best in your bright future.

View All

Read the passage carefully and answer the question

The Contract should be performed by the promisor himself. However, in certain cases, it can also be performed by his agents or legal representatives. It all depends upon the intention of the parties. Normally a contract can be performed by the following persons. 

  1. Promisor himself: If from the nature of the contract it appears that it was the intention of the parties that the promise should be performed by the promisor himself, such promise must be performed by the promisor. This usually applies to contracts involving personal skill, task, or artwork. 
  2. Promisor or his Agent: Where the contract does not involve the personal skill of the promisor, the contract could be performed by the promisor himself or by any competent person employed by him for the purpose, 
  3. Legal Representatives: The contracts which do not involve any personal skill or taste, may be performed by his legal representative after the death of the promisor.
  4. Third Person: In some cases, a contract may be performed by a third person provided the promisee accepts the arrangement. According to Section 41 of the Indian Contract Act, once the promisee accepts the performance from a third person, he cannot compel the promisor to perform the contract again. 
  5. Performance of Joint Promises: According to section 42 of the Indian Contract Act, when two or more persons have made a joint promise, the joint promisors must fulfill the promise jointly during their lifetime. And if any one of them dies, then his legal representatives and survivors must jointly fulfill the promise. 

Section 43 of the Indian Contract Act further provides that unless a contrary intention appears from the contract, each joint promisor may compel every other joint promisor to contribute equally to the performance of the promise. If any joint promisor makes a default in such contribution, the remaining joint promisors must bear the loss arising from such default in equal shares.

Question:

Aman received a box of chocolates from Basant and promised to pay Rupees 5000. Later on, A becomes bankrupt. Chetan who is a friend of Aman pays rupees 1000 to Besant on behalf of Aman. Aman is not aware of such a transaction. In civil court, insolvency proceedings have started against Aman. Meanwhile, Basant has also applied for a recovery of 5000 rupees. Decide.

Option: 1

Basant is entitled to recover the amount of 5000 from Aman.


Option: 2

Basant is entitled to recover the amount of 4000 from Aman.


Option: 3

Chetan is entitled to recover the amount of 1000 from Basant.


Option: 4

Basant cannot recover any amount from Aman as he has become insolvent.


Read the passage carefully and answer the question

The Contract should be performed by the promisor himself. However, in certain cases, it can also be performed by his agents or legal representatives. It all depends upon the intention of the parties. Normally a contract can be performed by the following persons. 

  1. Promisor himself: If from the nature of the contract it appears that it was the intention of the parties that the promise should be performed by the promisor himself, such promise must be performed by the promisor. This usually applies to contracts involving personal skill, task, or artwork. 
  2. Promisor or his Agent: Where the contract does not involve the personal skill of the promisor, the contract could be performed by the promisor himself or by any competent person employed by him for the purpose, 
  3. Legal Representatives: The contracts which do not involve any personal skill or taste, may be performed by his legal representative after the death of the promisor.
  4. Third Person: In some cases, a contract may be performed by a third person provided the promisee accepts the arrangement. According to Section 41 of the Indian Contract Act, once the promisee accepts the performance from a third person, he cannot compel the promisor to perform the contract again. 
  5. Performance of Joint Promises: According to section 42 of the Indian Contract Act, when two or more persons have made a joint promise, the joint promisors must fulfill the promise jointly during their lifetime. And if any one of them dies, then his legal representatives and survivors must jointly fulfill the promise. 

Section 43 of the Indian Contract Act further provides that unless a contrary intention appears from the contract, each joint promisor may compel every other joint promisor to contribute equally to the performance of the promise. If any joint promisor makes a default in such contribution, the remaining joint promisors must bear the loss arising from such default in equal shares.

Question:

K promises to paint a picture for L on a certain day, at a certain price. K dies before the day of the contract. Decide. 

Option: 1

The contract can be enforced by K’s representative 


Option: 2

The contract can be enforced by L


Option: 3

The contract can be enforced either by K’s representation or by L 


Option: 4

The contract cannot be enforced either by K’s representative, or L


Read the passage carefully and answer the question

The Contract should be performed by the promisor himself. However, in certain cases, it can also be performed by his agents or legal representatives. It all depends upon the intention of the parties. Normally a contract can be performed by the following persons. 

  1. Promisor himself: If from the nature of the contract it appears that it was the intention of the parties that the promise should be performed by the promisor himself, such promise must be performed by the promisor. This usually applies to contracts involving personal skill, task, or artwork. 
  2. Promisor or his Agent: Where the contract does not involve the personal skill of the promisor, the contract could be performed by the promisor himself or by any competent person employed by him for the purpose, 
  3. Legal Representatives: The contracts which do not involve any personal skill or taste, may be performed by his legal representative after the death of the promisor.
  4. Third Person: In some cases, a contract may be performed by a third person provided the promisee accepts the arrangement. According to Section 41 of the Indian Contract Act, once the promisee accepts the performance from a third person, he cannot compel the promisor to perform the contract again. 
  5. Performance of Joint Promises: According to section 42 of the Indian Contract Act, when two or more persons have made a joint promise, the joint promisors must fulfill the promise jointly during their lifetime. And if any one of them dies, then his legal representatives and survivors must jointly fulfill the promise. 

Section 43 of the Indian Contract Act further provides that unless a contrary intention appears from the contract, each joint promisor may compel every other joint promisor to contribute equally to the performance of the promise. If any joint promisor makes a default in such contribution, the remaining joint promisors must bear the loss arising from such default in equal shares.

Question:

Rohan has agreed to manage the catering services during the marriage of Sohan’s son Ramu. On the day of marriage, Rohan felt ill and sent his manager to the management of catering services. Ramu happily gets married to Tina and people appreciated the food and decoration of the event. When Rohan asked Sohan for the remaining amount, he denied it because Rohan himself had not managed so it is a breach. Decide.

 

Option: 1

Rohan is not entitled to get the remaining amount due to a breach of contract.


Option: 2

Rohan is entitled to sue Sohan for the remaining amount.


Option: 3

Rohan is entitled to sue Ramu because it was his marriage.


Option: 4

Instead of Rohan, his manager can only sue Sohan for the breach.


Read the passage and answer the question that follow.

Natural justice is another name for common sense justice rules of natural justice are not in codified form these principles are embedded or ingrained or inbuilt in the conscience of human beings. It supplies the omission made in codified law and helps in the administration of justice. Natural justice is not only confined to ‘fairness’ it will take many shades and colours based on the context. Thus natural justice apart from ‘fairness’ also implies reasonableness, equity and equality. They are neither cast in a rigid mould nor can they be put in a legal straitjacket. These principles written by nature in the heart of mankind, they are immutable, inviolable, and inalienable.

It is true that the concept of natural justice is not very clear and, therefore, it is not possible to define it; yet the principles of natural justice are accepted and enforced. In the case of Ridge V. Baldwin Court observed that “in modern times have sometimes been expressed to the effect that natural justice is as vague as to be practically meaningless. But I would regard these as tainted by the perennial fallacy that because something cannot be cut and dried or nicely weighed or measured therefore it does not exist”. The term natural justice signifies fundamental rules of judicial procedure and fair play in action. According to Lord Widgery “the principles of natural justice were those fundamental rules; the breach will prevent justice from being seen to be done”. Earliest expression of ‘natural justice’ could be found in the philosophical expression of Roman Jurist (jus natural) and signified rules and principles for the conduct of man which were independent of enacted law or customs and could be discovered by the rational intelligence of man and would grow out of and conform to his nature.

The rule against bias that surfaced in 1610 in Dr Bonham's Casewhere Chief Justice Coke went so far as to say that the Court could declare an Act of Parliament void if it made a man as judge in his own cause, or otherwise ‘against common right and reason’. This was one of his grounds for disallowing the claim of the College of Physicians to fine and imprison Doctor Bonham, a Doctor of Physics of Cambridge University, for practising in the city of London without the licence of College of Physicians. The statute under which the College acted provided that fines should go half to the King half to the College so that the College had a financial interest in its own judgement and was judged in its own cause.

Question:

X is a student of a college and his father Y is a professor in the same college. In one instance, X is caught to be involved in unparliamentary activities inside the college campus. The enquiry committee is set up and Y is appointed as the head of the committee. Decide.

Option: 1

Y is a professor of the same college hence he can become a member of the enquiry committee


Option: 2

Y is X’s father hence he should not be a part of the enquiry committee


Option: 3

Y can be a part of the enquiry committee but cannot be its head


Option: 4

There is no rule that prevents the appointment of Y until he fulfils his function diligently


Read the passage and answer the question that follow.

Natural justice is another name for common sense justice rules of natural justice are not in codified form these principles are embedded or ingrained or inbuilt in the conscience of human beings. It supplies the omission made in codified law and helps in the administration of justice. Natural justice is not only confined to ‘fairness’ it will take many shades and colours based on the context. Thus natural justice apart from ‘fairness’ also implies reasonableness, equity and equality. They are neither cast in a rigid mould nor can they be put in a legal straitjacket. These principles written by nature in the heart of mankind, they are immutable, inviolable, and inalienable.

It is true that the concept of natural justice is not very clear and, therefore, it is not possible to define it; yet the principles of natural justice are accepted and enforced. In the case of Ridge V. Baldwin Court observed that “in modern times have sometimes been expressed to the effect that natural justice is as vague as to be practically meaningless. But I would regard these as tainted by the perennial fallacy that because something cannot be cut and dried or nicely weighed or measured therefore it does not exist”. The term natural justice signifies fundamental rules of judicial procedure and fair play in action. According to Lord Widgery “the principles of natural justice were those fundamental rules; the breach will prevent justice from being seen to be done”. Earliest expression of ‘natural justice’ could be found in the philosophical expression of Roman Jurist (jus natural) and signified rules and principles for the conduct of man which were independent of enacted law or customs and could be discovered by the rational intelligence of man and would grow out of and conform to his nature.

The rule against bias that surfaced in 1610 in Dr Bonham's Casewhere Chief Justice Coke went so far as to say that the Court could declare an Act of Parliament void if it made a man as judge in his own cause, or otherwise ‘against common right and reason’. This was one of his grounds for disallowing the claim of the College of Physicians to fine and imprison Doctor Bonham, a Doctor of Physics of Cambridge University, for practising in the city of London without the licence of College of Physicians. The statute under which the College acted provided that fines should go half to the King half to the College so that the College had a financial interest in its own judgement and was judged in its own cause.

Question:

Mr X is an employee of a corporate office. His wife Y is a judge. In one instance, X is found to be involved in a money laundering case at his office. The office now files a suit and Y is appointed as the judge for this case. Decide.

Option: 1

Y is a judge by herself, hence can be appointed to adjudicate this case


Option: 2

Y is can be appointed as a judge only if she fulfils her responsibilities without any bias


Option: 3

Y can adjudicate the case and if the company finds the penalty to be insufficient then they can appeal against it


Option: 4

Y cannot be the judge in this case ab initio


Read the passage and answer the question that follow.

Natural justice is another name for common sense justice rules of natural justice are not in codified form these principles are embedded or ingrained or inbuilt in the conscience of human beings. It supplies the omission made in codified law and helps in the administration of justice. Natural justice is not only confined to ‘fairness’ it will take many shades and colours based on the context. Thus natural justice apart from ‘fairness’ also implies reasonableness, equity and equality. They are neither cast in a rigid mould nor can they be put in a legal straitjacket. These principles written by nature in the heart of mankind, they are immutable, inviolable, and inalienable.

It is true that the concept of natural justice is not very clear and, therefore, it is not possible to define it; yet the principles of natural justice are accepted and enforced. In the case of Ridge V. Baldwin Court observed that “in modern times have sometimes been expressed to the effect that natural justice is as vague as to be practically meaningless. But I would regard these as tainted by the perennial fallacy that because something cannot be cut and dried or nicely weighed or measured therefore it does not exist”. The term natural justice signifies fundamental rules of judicial procedure and fair play in action. According to Lord Widgery “the principles of natural justice were those fundamental rules; the breach will prevent justice from being seen to be done”. Earliest expression of ‘natural justice’ could be found in the philosophical expression of Roman Jurist (jus natural) and signified rules and principles for the conduct of man which were independent of enacted law or customs and could be discovered by the rational intelligence of man and would grow out of and conform to his nature.

The rule against bias that surfaced in 1610 in Dr Bonham's Casewhere Chief Justice Coke went so far as to say that the Court could declare an Act of Parliament void if it made a man as judge in his own cause, or otherwise ‘against common right and reason’. This was one of his grounds for disallowing the claim of the College of Physicians to fine and imprison Doctor Bonham, a Doctor of Physics of Cambridge University, for practising in the city of London without the licence of College of Physicians. The statute under which the College acted provided that fines should go half to the King half to the College so that the College had a financial interest in its own judgement and was judged in its own cause.

Question:

X was a renowned cricketer in the 1980s. His son Y is a struggling cricketer who has been trying to get into the national team for many years. In the year 2020, X is appointed as a member of the selection committee. In the match which is supposed to decide the final team of the nation, Y scores a century and Z scores 65 runs. However, Z is selected to represent India and Y is not. Y now appeals against the decision, the main ground being the presence of X in the committee. Decide.

Option: 1

The appeal will stand as Y scored a century yet Z was selected after scoring 65 runs


Option: 2

The appeal will be quashed since X’s presence should have benefitted Y, but it didn’t, hence the rejection of Y is valid


Option: 3

The appeal will stand as X’s presence is a factor of bias


Option: 4

The appeal will be quashed since X was a renowned cricketer


Read the passage and answer the question that follow.

Natural justice is another name for common sense justice rules of natural justice are not in codified form these principles are embedded or ingrained or inbuilt in the conscience of human beings. It supplies the omission made in codified law and helps in the administration of justice. Natural justice is not only confined to ‘fairness’ it will take many shades and colours based on the context. Thus natural justice apart from ‘fairness’ also implies reasonableness, equity and equality. They are neither cast in a rigid mould nor can they be put in a legal straitjacket. These principles written by nature in the heart of mankind, they are immutable, inviolable, and inalienable.

It is true that the concept of natural justice is not very clear and, therefore, it is not possible to define it; yet the principles of natural justice are accepted and enforced. In the case of Ridge V. Baldwin Court observed that “in modern times have sometimes been expressed to the effect that natural justice is as vague as to be practically meaningless. But I would regard these as tainted by the perennial fallacy that because something cannot be cut and dried or nicely weighed or measured therefore it does not exist”. The term natural justice signifies fundamental rules of judicial procedure and fair play in action. According to Lord Widgery “the principles of natural justice were those fundamental rules; the breach will prevent justice from being seen to be done”. Earliest expression of ‘natural justice’ could be found in the philosophical expression of Roman Jurist (jus natural) and signified rules and principles for the conduct of man which were independent of enacted law or customs and could be discovered by the rational intelligence of man and would grow out of and conform to his nature.

The rule against bias that surfaced in 1610 in Dr Bonham's Casewhere Chief Justice Coke went so far as to say that the Court could declare an Act of Parliament void if it made a man as judge in his own cause, or otherwise ‘against common right and reason’. This was one of his grounds for disallowing the claim of the College of Physicians to fine and imprison Doctor Bonham, a Doctor of Physics of Cambridge University, for practising in the city of London without the licence of College of Physicians. The statute under which the College acted provided that fines should go half to the King half to the College so that the College had a financial interest in its own judgement and was judged in its own cause.

Question:

X is a married judge who is well known for his honesty in the entire city. He has a son Y. One fine day Y gets kidnapped and the kidnapper demands a sum of 20 lakhs from X. However, the kidnapper is caught by the police. X is now appointed as the judge for the hearing of the kidnapper. Decide.

Option: 1

X can be the judge since he can decide the punishment better as he was the sufferer


Option: 2

X cannot be the judge since there is a possibility that he will be biased while delivering the judgement


Option: 3

X can be the judge since he is renowned for his honesty and fulfil his duties


Option: 4

X can be the judge but his statement can be appealed against if delivered with bias


Read the passage and answer the question that follow.

Natural justice is another name for common sense justice rules of natural justice are not in codified form these principles are embedded or ingrained or inbuilt in the conscience of human beings. It supplies the omission made in codified law and helps in the administration of justice. Natural justice is not only confined to ‘fairness’ it will take many shades and colours based on the context. Thus natural justice apart from ‘fairness’ also implies reasonableness, equity and equality. They are neither cast in a rigid mould nor can they be put in a legal straitjacket. These principles written by nature in the heart of mankind, they are immutable, inviolable, and inalienable.

It is true that the concept of natural justice is not very clear and, therefore, it is not possible to define it; yet the principles of natural justice are accepted and enforced. In the case of Ridge V. Baldwin Court observed that “in modern times have sometimes been expressed to the effect that natural justice is as vague as to be practically meaningless. But I would regard these as tainted by the perennial fallacy that because something cannot be cut and dried or nicely weighed or measured therefore it does not exist”. The term natural justice signifies fundamental rules of judicial procedure and fair play in action. According to Lord Widgery “the principles of natural justice were those fundamental rules; the breach will prevent justice from being seen to be done”. Earliest expression of ‘natural justice’ could be found in the philosophical expression of Roman Jurist (jus natural) and signified rules and principles for the conduct of man which were independent of enacted law or customs and could be discovered by the rational intelligence of man and would grow out of and conform to his nature.

The rule against bias that surfaced in 1610 in Dr Bonham's Casewhere Chief Justice Coke went so far as to say that the Court could declare an Act of Parliament void if it made a man as judge in his own cause, or otherwise ‘against common right and reason’. This was one of his grounds for disallowing the claim of the College of Physicians to fine and imprison Doctor Bonham, a Doctor of Physics of Cambridge University, for practising in the city of London without the licence of College of Physicians. The statute under which the College acted provided that fines should go half to the King half to the College so that the College had a financial interest in its own judgement and was judged in its own cause.

Question:

X and Y have been married for five years. X is a judge and Y is a doctor. X is pretty much unhappy with his married life so he wants to divorce Y. Y refuses to agree to a divorce by mutual consent hence X files a suit against Y. Decide.

Option: 1

X cannot file a suit since he is a judge


Option: 2

X can file a suit against Y in legal capacity but not as a judge


Option: 3

X cannot file a divorce suit against Y since there is no valid ground for divorce


Option: 4

X can proceed with mutual consent but not contested divorce


Read the passage and answer the question that follow.

In the case of M/S Halonex Limited, 59-A Noida vs State of U.P., it was held that “In reply to the aforesaid submission, learned counsel for opposite party no.2 submitted that the case of the applicants that no amount is due from their side to the complainant is a matter of defence which cannot be considered at this stage. It has been submitted that the term 'entrustment' as used in Section 405 IPC has been given a wider interpretation. It has been submitted that the goods returned by the complainant to the Company for replacement or for reimbursement would be deemed to have been entrusted to the Company and as the applicants 2 & 3 were handling its affair they become responsible. To buttress the said submission, the learned counsel for the complainant drew the attention of the Court to a decision of the Apex Court in the case of Ram Narayan Popli Vs. Central Bureau of Investigation: (2003) 3 SCC 641, wherein it was observed that: "the term "entrustment" is not necessarily a term of law. It may have different implications in different contexts. In its most general signification all it imports is the handing over possession for some purpose which may not imply the conferring of any proprietary right at all." Attention was also drawn to an observation made in the judgment of the aforesaid case, where it was observed that: "to establish the charge of criminal breach of trust, the prosecution is not obliged to prove the precise mode of conversion, misappropriation or misapplication by the accused of the property entrusted to him or over which he has dominion. The principal ingredient of the offence being dishonest misappropriation or conversion which may not ordinarily be a matter of direct proof, entrustment of property and failure in breach of an obligation to account for the property entrusted if proved, may, in the light of other circumstances, justifiably lead to an inference of dishonest misappropriation or conversion”.

Question:

X tracks down an expensive necklace on the road. Not knowing to whom it belongs. X sells it promptly to a jeweller without attempting to find the owner or submitting the necklace to the authorities. Decide the liability of X.

Option: 1

Extortion


Option: 2

Criminal breach of trust


Option: 3

Theft


Option: 4

Criminal misappropriation of Property


Read the passage and answer the question that follow.

In the case of M/S Halonex Limited, 59-A Noida vs State of U.P., it was held that “In reply to the aforesaid submission, learned counsel for opposite party no.2 submitted that the case of the applicants that no amount is due from their side to the complainant is a matter of defence which cannot be considered at this stage. It has been submitted that the term 'entrustment' as used in Section 405 IPC has been given a wider interpretation. It has been submitted that the goods returned by the complainant to the Company for replacement or for reimbursement would be deemed to have been entrusted to the Company and as the applicants 2 & 3 were handling its affair they become responsible. To buttress the said submission, the learned counsel for the complainant drew the attention of the Court to a decision of the Apex Court in the case of Ram Narayan Popli Vs. Central Bureau of Investigation: (2003) 3 SCC 641, wherein it was observed that: "the term "entrustment" is not necessarily a term of law. It may have different implications in different contexts. In its most general signification all it imports is the handing over possession for some purpose which may not imply the conferring of any proprietary right at all." Attention was also drawn to an observation made in the judgment of the aforesaid case, where it was observed that: "to establish the charge of criminal breach of trust, the prosecution is not obliged to prove the precise mode of conversion, misappropriation or misapplication by the accused of the property entrusted to him or over which he has dominion. The principal ingredient of the offence being dishonest misappropriation or conversion which may not ordinarily be a matter of direct proof, entrustment of property and failure in breach of an obligation to account for the property entrusted if proved, may, in the light of other circumstances, justifiably lead to an inference of dishonest misappropriation or conversion”.

Question:

P borrows from L his phone for using it to call his parents. However, when L is distracted, P removes the memory card of the phone and later on sells it. Decide the liability of P.

Option: 1

P is guilty under dishonest misappropriation of property

 


Option: 2

P is not guilty for any offence since the phone was given with consent


Option: 3

P is guilty for theft


Option: 4

P has been handed over the phone, so he has the right to use it as he likes


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