CLAT Exam Pattern 2025 - Paper Format, Weightage, Marks Distribution, Section-wise Marks

CLAT Exam Pattern 2025 - Paper Format, Weightage, Marks Distribution, Section-wise Marks

Edited By Sansar Singh Chhikara | Updated on Nov 22, 2024 02:39 PM IST | #CLAT
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CLAT 2025 Exam Pattern: The Consortium of National Law Universities (NLU) has prescribed the CLAT 2025 exam pattern for UG and PG programmes on its official website - consortiumofnlus.ac.in. With few days left for the entrance exam, it is very important that candidates are thoroughly aware about the CLAT paper pattern 2025. The CLAT exam pattern 2025 provides important details about the exam such as the type of questions, total number of questions, CLAT marks distribution, mode of exam, duration etc. In the CLAT paper pattern 2025, there are a total of 120 multiple-choice questions spread over five sections. The CLAT subjects weightage is not spread uniformly across the five sections. The CLAT PG exam also comprises 120 objective-type questions. CLAT 2025 will be conducted as per the CLAT new pattern introduced last year.
You may also check - Free CLAT Practice Test

This Story also Contains
  1. CLAT 2025 Exam Pattern - Highlights
  2. CLAT Exam Pattern 2025 - Overview
  3. CLAT Exam Pattern 2025 - Section-wise Marks
  4. CLAT Marking Scheme 2025
  5. CLAT UG Syllabus 2025
  6. CLAT UG Exam Pattern Subject Wise Details
CLAT Exam Pattern 2025 - Paper Format, Weightage, Marks Distribution, Section-wise Marks
CLAT Exam Pattern 2025 - Paper Format, Weightage, Marks Distribution, Section-wise Marks

The Common Law Admission Test is conducted for admissions at 24 participating NLUs and 60+ affiliated law schools into the 5-year LLB programme. CLAT 2025 will be conducted on December 1, 2024 in offline, pen and paper-based mode. In the CLAT new pattern, the total number of questions has been reduced to 120 instead of 150. Read the complete article to get complete details of the exam pattern of CLAT 2025, section-wise marks, CLAT exam format, and other important details.

CLAT 2025 Exam Pattern - Highlights

Here are some important points related to the CLAT paper pattern:

  • The CLAT 2025 exam will evaluate the comprehension and reading skills of the candidates.

  • The exam is designed to not check a candidate’s prior knowledge of law, instead, it is a test of aptitude and skills that are required for legal education.

  • There are a total of five subjects in CLAT 2025 - English Language, General Knowledge & Current Affairs including General Knowledge, Legal Reasoning, Logical Reasoning and Quantitative Techniques.

  • The duration of the CLAT 2025 exam will be two hours.

  • The exam will comprise of passage-based questions.

Jindal Global Law School Admissions 2025

Ranked #1 Law School in India & South Asia by QS- World University Rankings | Merit cum means scholarships | Application Deadline: 31st Jan'25

UPES Integrated LLB Admissions 2025

Ranked #28 amongst Institutions in India by NIRF | Ranked #1 in India for Academic Reputation by QS University Rankings | 16.6 LPA Highest CTC

CLAT Exam Pattern 2025 - Overview

CategoryDetails

Time duration

2 hours

Mode

Offline mode (pen paper-based mode)

Conducting Body

Consortium of National Law Universities (CNLU)

Type of questions

Objective-type questions

Number of questions

CLAT UG - 120 questions

CLAT PG - 120 questions

CLAT Total marks

120 marks (Both CLAT UG and CLAT PG)

CLAT UG marking scheme

Correct answer - 1 mark

Incorrect answer - 0.25 marks deduction

Un-attempted questions - No negative marking

Language

English

You may also check -

CLAT 2025 College Predictor
Know your admission chances in National Law Universities based on your home state & exam result for All India Category & State Category seat.
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CLAT Exam Pattern 2025 - Section-wise Marks

The CLAT section-wise marks vary as per the weightage of subjects in the exam. The current affairs and legal reasoning section carries the maximum weight in the CLAT paper pattern. Candidates are given two hours to complete the exam. As per the CLAT 2025 pattern, all the questions in the entrance exam will be objective-type questions. The section-wise CLAT weightage is given below.

CLAT Subjects Weightage 2025

Section

Numbers of QuestionsCLAT section-wise MarksWeightage

English Language

22-26

22-26

20%

Current Affairs including General Knowledge

28-32

28-32

25%

Legal Reasoning

28-32

28-32

25%

Logical Reasoning

22-26

22-26

20%

Quantitative Techniques

10-14

22-26

10%

Total

120

120

100%

Check topic-wise CLAT Syllabus:

Symbiosis Law School Pune Admissions 2025

NAAC A++ Accredited | Ranked #5 by NIRF

Parul University Law Admissions 2025

India's youngest NAAC A++ accredited University | NIRF rank band 151-200 | Approved by Bar Council of India

CLAT Marking Scheme 2025

As per the CLAT marks distribution, each question in CLAT 2025 will carry one mark each. There is also a provision of a negative marking of 0.25 marks for each incorrect response. The maximum marks in CLAT 2025 is 120. No marks will be deducted for unanswered questions.

CLAT 2025 Marking Scheme

ParticularsDetails

Correct response

1 mark

Incorrect response

-0.25 mark

Unanswered question

0 mark

You may also check -

CLAT UG Syllabus 2025

Along with the exam pattern, candidates must be well-versed in the syllabus of CLAT UG 2025. The syllabus of CLAT comprises important topics and subjects that will be covered in the exam. The detailed CLAT 2025 syllabus has been mentioned in the table below:

CLAT UG syllabus 2025

Subjects

Topics

English Language

Grammatical errors and sentence correction, Synonyms & Antonyms, Tenses, Fill in the Blanks, Active & Passive Voice

Current Affairs, including General Knowledge

National & international events, Govt. schemes, Science & technology, Sports, Awards & honors, Arts & culture, Historical events of current relevant

Legal Reasoning

Indian Constitution - Fundamental Rights, Duties, Judiciary, Parliament, Directive Principles of State Policy, Local governments, Significant amendments and provisions, Landmark judgments, Current legal affairs, Law of Torts, Laws of Contract, IPR Law, Family Laws

Logical Reasoning

Analogies, Series, logical sequences and matching, Seating arrangement, Syllogisms, Blood relations

Quantitative Techniques

Ratios and proportions, Basic algebra, Mensuration, Statistical estimation, Algebra

You may also read:

CLAT UG Exam Pattern Subject Wise Details

Candidates can check the CLAT paper pattern for each section below:

CLAT English Language: This English section of CLAT 2025 comprises 22 to 26 questions and it is given a weight of 20% in the exam. The CLAT English Language section will comprise passages of around 450 words derived from historically significant non-fiction and fiction writing. The difficulty level of this section is as per class 12. According to students who appeared for the previous sessions of the exam, this section of CLAT is usually easy but tricky.

CLAT Current Affairs including General Knowledge: The GK and current affairs section of the exam contains total 28 to 32 questions and it is given 25% weightage in the entrance test. The CLAT Current Affairs including General Knowledge section also comprises passage-based questions on current affairs. The questions are asked about topics like static general knowledge, national and international news, and other related topics. According to past year candidates, this section is the easiest section of the CLAT exam.

CLAT Quantitative Techniques: The maths section carries the minimum weight in the CLAT exam. There are a total 10-14 questions in CLAT Quantitative Techniques section of CLAT. The questions in this section are based on elementary mathematics from topics like ratio and proportions, basic algebra, mensuration, and statistical estimation.

CLAT Legal Reasoning: The CLAT Legal Reasoning section of CLAT 2025 consists of 28 to 32 questions. The questions will comprise of 450-word passages on topics such as public policy-making, legal matters, or moral philosophical inquiries. According to the previous year's analysis, this section was easy and the passages were short.

CLAT Logical Reasoning: This section has a total of 22 to 26 questions and carries 20% weightage in the exam. The CLAT Logical Reasoning section will also comprise 450-word passages followed by multiple-choice questions based on the passage. Questions in this section are of easy to moderate difficulty level.

CLAT 2025 Preparation Tips

Here are some preparation tips to ace the CLAT exam:

  • Finish your syllabus in time: It is very important that students plan their preparations in such a manner that the syllabus is completed well within time. Candidates must ensure that they have ample time left for revision.
  • Refer to recommended books for preparation: Candidates must only refer to recommended books for their CLAT preparation. The list of best books for CLAT 2025 has been given below in this article.
  • Solve sample papers and mock tests: Practicing previous year question papers and mock test is a really good way to understand the paper pattern and difficulty level. Also, candidates will get a good test of their preparations through these mock tests and sample papers.
  • Revise regularly: Revision is the key when it comes to acing any exam. During their CLAT preparation candidates must make sure they frequently revisit the topics that they have learnt during the course of preparation.
  • Take frequent breaks and avoid unwanted stress: Candidates must make sure their mind is rejuvenated and they are away from any kind of unwanted stress. Candidates must indulge in hobbies, take proper breaks and make sure your mind is afresh.

CLAT 2025 Books

Aspirants must consider various factors such as the experience and credentials of the author, the reputation of the publication, price, syllabus, and the inclusion of enough practice questions and sample papers. Given below are books for each section of the CLAT 2025 exam pattern. The list is not exhaustive and candidates can research for the books based on the parameters listed above.

List of Books and Resources for CLAT 2025

Subject

Author

General Awareness, Current affairs

  • Legal General Knowledge by R. K Gupta

  • Pearson General Knowledge Manual

  • Pratiyogita Darpan

  • Monthly current affairs magazine

Logical Reasoning

  • Logical Reasoning by Jain Prateek

  • Verbal and Non-Verbal Reasoning by RS Aggarwal

  • Analytical Reasoning by MK Pandey

Legal ReasoningLegal Aptitude for CLAT and other Law Exams: Workbook by A. P Bhardwaj.
Legal news websites such as Live Law and Bar & Bench

English

  • Objective General English by N. Khurmi and George

  • English is Easy by Chetananand Singh

  • High School English Grammar and Composition by Wren & Martin

Quantitative TechniquesClass 10 NCERT textbook
Quantitative Aptitude by RS Aggarwal

Previous Year Papers

Previous Year Papers by A.P. Bhardwaj

Additional Resources

Newspaper - The Hindu or The Indian Express, legal journals, articles, editorials, explanations

You may also check:

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

1. How many questions are asked in the CLAT UG exam?

A total of 120 questions are asked in the CLAT UG exam.

2. What is the duration of the CLAT 2025 exam?

The duration of CLAT 2025 is two hours.

3. What is the paper pattern of CLAT 2025?

According to the CLAT exam pattern 2025, the exam will be conducted offline through pen and paper based test mode. CLAT 2025 will have objective-type questions based on passages.

4. What is the CLAT exam mode?

CLAT is conducted in offline mode.

5. What is the maximum marks of CLAT exam?

Candidates can obtain maximum 120 marks in the CLAT exam.

6. How many levels are there in CLAT exam?

CLAT exam is conducted for UG and PG programmes. The CLAT UG exam is conducted for admissions to five-year integrated law progarmmes at NLUs, while CLAT PG exam is conducted for admission to LLM courses.

7. Does CLAT exam have negative marking?

Yes, CLAT exam has negative marking of 0.25 mark for every wrong answer.

8. What type of questions are asked in each section of the CLAT exam?

Multiple Choice based questions are asked in the CLAT exam in each section.

9. I have not passed the CLAT exam. Can I appear for the exam again?

Yes, candidates can attempt the CLAT exam again if have failed to do so in the previous attempt.

10. Which is the most difficult section of the CLAT 2025?

The most difficult section of CLAT 2025 is considered to be the "Legal Reasoning" section.

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Questions related to CLAT

Have a question related to CLAT ?

Hi,

Based on your previous year analysis, According to your CLAT Rank and category. There are many good colleges in which you have chance of getting a seat for 5 year BA LLB course. some of the best colleges in which you have chances of getting a seat are

  • National University of Study and Research in Law, Law
  • Gujarat National Law University
  • Tamil Nadu National Law University
  • Dr B.R Ambedkar National Law University , Sonipat
  • Himachal Pradesh National Law University, Shimla
  • National Law University, Cuttack

You can predict more law colleges in which you can get admission using CLAT college predictor .

Hope this information will help you

Use CLAT predictor tool to know your chances in nlus and it also helps in filing choice preference which plays important role in admission counselling process.

However,this score is not good for NLU but keep an eye on later rounds if there is seat left mostly in tier 3 law colleges.

Even though it might seem hard, stay hopeful. Do your research, keep up with counseling,

Good luck!!

Hello Aditya,

With an OBC rank of 2,284 in CLAT 2025 and domicile of Uttar Pradesh , you have a good chance of securing admission to Dr. Ram Manohar Lohiya National Law University (RMLNLU), Lucknow under the state domicile reservation. The cutoff for RMLNLU varies each year depending on factors like the number of applicants, seat availability, and category-wise rank distribution.

For OBC candidates with UP domicile, the closing rank is usually higher than the general category cutoff but lower than other reserved categories like SC/ST. Based on previous years' trends, your rank falls well within the likely range for admission under the domicile and OBC category.

Steps to Confirm:

  1. Check the CLAT counseling process and register for state domicile reservations.

  2. Refer to the RMLNLU-specific cutoff for OBC-UP domicile during the counseling process.

  3. Keep an eye on the allotment list to see if your rank is within the cutoff.

Your domicile gives you an added advantage, so make sure you properly document it during the application process.

I would recommend you to use CLAT College Predictor Tool by Careers360 to get the list of possible colleges you can get with your rank.

I hope this answer helps you. If you have more queries then feel free to share your questions with us we will be happy to assist you.

Thank you and wishing you all the best for your bright future.


Hello Kuldeep,

With a CLAT 2025 rank of 21,000 , admission into National Law Universities (NLUs) is unlikely as the cutoff ranks for NLUs, even for reserved categories, generally close much earlier. However, several private law colleges and universities accept CLAT scores and may offer you admission. Some of these colleges include:

  1. UPES Dehradun
    Known for specialized law courses in energy, corporate, and technology law.

  2. NMIMS School of Law, Mumbai
    Offers good placement opportunities and infrastructure.

  3. MIT World Peace University, Pune
    Offers modern legal education with good campus facilities.

  4. Alliance University, Bangalore
    Recognized for its legal programs and vibrant campus life.

  5. Christ University, Bangalore (if eligible through other criteria)
    May consider CLAT scores in combination with its internal processes.

Additionally, private universities like Amity Law School , ICFAI Law School , and Sharda University also accept students with CLAT scores at this rank. Ensure you confirm individual college admission criteria and deadlines, as some might also have alternate pathways for admission.


I would recommend you to use CLAT College Predictor Tool by Careers360 to get the list of possible colleges you can get with your rank.



I hope this answer helps you. If you have more queries then feel free to share your questions with us we will be happy to assist you.

Thank you and wishing you all the best for your bright future.




Hello there,

With an AIR of 229 under the PwD category in CLAT, you are eligible for counseling and can participate in the process. However, getting admission into NALSAR Hyderabad depends on the cut-off for the PwD category, which tends to be competitive but varies each year based on the overall results.

To maximize your chances, you should:

  1. Check the previous years’ cut-offs for PwD candidates at NALSAR to get an idea of whether your rank falls within the range.

  2. Participate in the CLAT counseling to explore options at various National Law Universities (NLUs). Even if NALSAR might be challenging to get this year, other top NLUs may be a possibility.

  3. Keep an eye on the official CLAT website for updates on counseling dates and procedures.

It’s advisable to research the current cut-off trends from the official counseling guidelines or discuss with admission officers.


I would recommend you to use CLAT College Predictor Tool by Careers360 to get the list of possible colleges you can get with your rank.


I hope this answer helps you. If you have more queries then feel free to share your questions with us we will be happy to assist you.

Thank you and wishing you all the best for your bright future.



View All

Passage 1
Read the passage below and answer the following question.
Cheating is considered a criminal offence under the Indian Penal Code. It is done to gain profit or advantage from another person by using some deceitful means. The person who deceives another knows for the fact that it would place the other person in an unfair situation. Cheating as an offence can be made punishable under Section 420 of the IPC. Scope of Section 415 Cheating is defined under Section 415 of the Indian Penal Code as whoever fraudulently or dishonestly deceives a person to induce that person to deliver a property to any person or to consent to retain any property. If a person intentionally induces a person to do or omit to do any act which he would not have done if he was not deceived to do so and the act has caused harm to that person in body, mind, reputation, or property, then the person who fraudulently, dishonestly or intentionally induced the other person is said to cheat. Any dishonest concealment of facts that can deceive a person to do an act that he would not have done otherwise is also cheating within the meaning of this section. Essential Ingredients of Cheating requires · deception of any person. Fraudulently or dishonestly inducing that person to deliver any property to any person or to consent that any person shall retain any property; or · intentionally inducing a person to do or omit to do anything which he would not do or omit if he were not so deceived, and the act or omission causes or is likely to cause damage or harm to that person in body, mind, reputation or property.
Deceit– a tort arising from an untrue or false statement of facts which are made by a person, recklessly or knowingly, with an intention that it shall be acted upon by the other person, who would suffer damages as a result. 
Fraud – a false or untrue representation of the fact, that is made with the knowledge of its falsity or without the belief in its truth or a reckless statement that may or may not be true, with an intention to induce a person or individual to act independent of it with the result that the person acts on it and suffers damages and harm. In other words, it is a wrong act or criminal deception with an intention to result in financial or personal gain.
Question - 1 
D went to a moneylender, Z, for the loan. D intentionally pledges the gold article with Z taking the loan. D knows that the article is not made of gold. After a few days, D leaves the village. Decide.

 

Option: 1 None

Option: 2 None

Option: 3 None

Option: 4 None

Read the passage carefully and answer the question

The Contract should be performed by the promisor himself. However, in certain cases, it can also be performed by his agents or legal representatives. It all depends upon the intention of the parties. Normally a contract can be performed by the following persons. 

  1. Promisor himself: If from the nature of the contract it appears that it was the intention of the parties that the promise should be performed by the promisor himself, such promise must be performed by the promisor. This usually applies to contracts involving personal skill, task, or artwork. 
  2. Promisor or his Agent: Where the contract does not involve the personal skill of the promisor, the contract could be performed by the promisor himself or by any competent person employed by him for the purpose, 
  3. Legal Representatives: The contracts which do not involve any personal skill or taste, may be performed by his legal representative after the death of the promisor.
  4. Third Person: In some cases, a contract may be performed by a third person provided the promisee accepts the arrangement. According to Section 41 of the Indian Contract Act, once the promisee accepts the performance from a third person, he cannot compel the promisor to perform the contract again. 
  5. Performance of Joint Promises: According to section 42 of the Indian Contract Act, when two or more persons have made a joint promise, the joint promisors must fulfill the promise jointly during their lifetime. And if any one of them dies, then his legal representatives and survivors must jointly fulfill the promise. 

Section 43 of the Indian Contract Act further provides that unless a contrary intention appears from the contract, each joint promisor may compel every other joint promisor to contribute equally to the performance of the promise. If any joint promisor makes a default in such contribution, the remaining joint promisors must bear the loss arising from such default in equal shares.

Question:

Aman received a box of chocolates from Basant and promised to pay Rupees 5000. Later on, A becomes bankrupt. Chetan who is a friend of Aman pays rupees 1000 to Besant on behalf of Aman. Aman is not aware of such a transaction. In civil court, insolvency proceedings have started against Aman. Meanwhile, Basant has also applied for a recovery of 5000 rupees. Decide.

Option: 1

Basant is entitled to recover the amount of 5000 from Aman.


Option: 2

Basant is entitled to recover the amount of 4000 from Aman.


Option: 3

Chetan is entitled to recover the amount of 1000 from Basant.


Option: 4

Basant cannot recover any amount from Aman as he has become insolvent.


Read the passage carefully and answer the question

The Contract should be performed by the promisor himself. However, in certain cases, it can also be performed by his agents or legal representatives. It all depends upon the intention of the parties. Normally a contract can be performed by the following persons. 

  1. Promisor himself: If from the nature of the contract it appears that it was the intention of the parties that the promise should be performed by the promisor himself, such promise must be performed by the promisor. This usually applies to contracts involving personal skill, task, or artwork. 
  2. Promisor or his Agent: Where the contract does not involve the personal skill of the promisor, the contract could be performed by the promisor himself or by any competent person employed by him for the purpose, 
  3. Legal Representatives: The contracts which do not involve any personal skill or taste, may be performed by his legal representative after the death of the promisor.
  4. Third Person: In some cases, a contract may be performed by a third person provided the promisee accepts the arrangement. According to Section 41 of the Indian Contract Act, once the promisee accepts the performance from a third person, he cannot compel the promisor to perform the contract again. 
  5. Performance of Joint Promises: According to section 42 of the Indian Contract Act, when two or more persons have made a joint promise, the joint promisors must fulfill the promise jointly during their lifetime. And if any one of them dies, then his legal representatives and survivors must jointly fulfill the promise. 

Section 43 of the Indian Contract Act further provides that unless a contrary intention appears from the contract, each joint promisor may compel every other joint promisor to contribute equally to the performance of the promise. If any joint promisor makes a default in such contribution, the remaining joint promisors must bear the loss arising from such default in equal shares.

Question:

K promises to paint a picture for L on a certain day, at a certain price. K dies before the day of the contract. Decide. 

Option: 1

The contract can be enforced by K’s representative 


Option: 2

The contract can be enforced by L


Option: 3

The contract can be enforced either by K’s representation or by L 


Option: 4

The contract cannot be enforced either by K’s representative, or L


Read the passage carefully and answer the question

The Contract should be performed by the promisor himself. However, in certain cases, it can also be performed by his agents or legal representatives. It all depends upon the intention of the parties. Normally a contract can be performed by the following persons. 

  1. Promisor himself: If from the nature of the contract it appears that it was the intention of the parties that the promise should be performed by the promisor himself, such promise must be performed by the promisor. This usually applies to contracts involving personal skill, task, or artwork. 
  2. Promisor or his Agent: Where the contract does not involve the personal skill of the promisor, the contract could be performed by the promisor himself or by any competent person employed by him for the purpose, 
  3. Legal Representatives: The contracts which do not involve any personal skill or taste, may be performed by his legal representative after the death of the promisor.
  4. Third Person: In some cases, a contract may be performed by a third person provided the promisee accepts the arrangement. According to Section 41 of the Indian Contract Act, once the promisee accepts the performance from a third person, he cannot compel the promisor to perform the contract again. 
  5. Performance of Joint Promises: According to section 42 of the Indian Contract Act, when two or more persons have made a joint promise, the joint promisors must fulfill the promise jointly during their lifetime. And if any one of them dies, then his legal representatives and survivors must jointly fulfill the promise. 

Section 43 of the Indian Contract Act further provides that unless a contrary intention appears from the contract, each joint promisor may compel every other joint promisor to contribute equally to the performance of the promise. If any joint promisor makes a default in such contribution, the remaining joint promisors must bear the loss arising from such default in equal shares.

Question:

Rohan has agreed to manage the catering services during the marriage of Sohan’s son Ramu. On the day of marriage, Rohan felt ill and sent his manager to the management of catering services. Ramu happily gets married to Tina and people appreciated the food and decoration of the event. When Rohan asked Sohan for the remaining amount, he denied it because Rohan himself had not managed so it is a breach. Decide.

 

Option: 1

Rohan is not entitled to get the remaining amount due to a breach of contract.


Option: 2

Rohan is entitled to sue Sohan for the remaining amount.


Option: 3

Rohan is entitled to sue Ramu because it was his marriage.


Option: 4

Instead of Rohan, his manager can only sue Sohan for the breach.


Read the passage and answer the question that follow.

Natural justice is another name for common sense justice rules of natural justice are not in codified form these principles are embedded or ingrained or inbuilt in the conscience of human beings. It supplies the omission made in codified law and helps in the administration of justice. Natural justice is not only confined to ‘fairness’ it will take many shades and colours based on the context. Thus natural justice apart from ‘fairness’ also implies reasonableness, equity and equality. They are neither cast in a rigid mould nor can they be put in a legal straitjacket. These principles written by nature in the heart of mankind, they are immutable, inviolable, and inalienable.

It is true that the concept of natural justice is not very clear and, therefore, it is not possible to define it; yet the principles of natural justice are accepted and enforced. In the case of Ridge V. Baldwin Court observed that “in modern times have sometimes been expressed to the effect that natural justice is as vague as to be practically meaningless. But I would regard these as tainted by the perennial fallacy that because something cannot be cut and dried or nicely weighed or measured therefore it does not exist”. The term natural justice signifies fundamental rules of judicial procedure and fair play in action. According to Lord Widgery “the principles of natural justice were those fundamental rules; the breach will prevent justice from being seen to be done”. Earliest expression of ‘natural justice’ could be found in the philosophical expression of Roman Jurist (jus natural) and signified rules and principles for the conduct of man which were independent of enacted law or customs and could be discovered by the rational intelligence of man and would grow out of and conform to his nature.

The rule against bias that surfaced in 1610 in Dr Bonham's Casewhere Chief Justice Coke went so far as to say that the Court could declare an Act of Parliament void if it made a man as judge in his own cause, or otherwise ‘against common right and reason’. This was one of his grounds for disallowing the claim of the College of Physicians to fine and imprison Doctor Bonham, a Doctor of Physics of Cambridge University, for practising in the city of London without the licence of College of Physicians. The statute under which the College acted provided that fines should go half to the King half to the College so that the College had a financial interest in its own judgement and was judged in its own cause.

Question:

X is a student of a college and his father Y is a professor in the same college. In one instance, X is caught to be involved in unparliamentary activities inside the college campus. The enquiry committee is set up and Y is appointed as the head of the committee. Decide.

Option: 1

Y is a professor of the same college hence he can become a member of the enquiry committee


Option: 2

Y is X’s father hence he should not be a part of the enquiry committee


Option: 3

Y can be a part of the enquiry committee but cannot be its head


Option: 4

There is no rule that prevents the appointment of Y until he fulfils his function diligently


Read the passage and answer the question that follow.

Natural justice is another name for common sense justice rules of natural justice are not in codified form these principles are embedded or ingrained or inbuilt in the conscience of human beings. It supplies the omission made in codified law and helps in the administration of justice. Natural justice is not only confined to ‘fairness’ it will take many shades and colours based on the context. Thus natural justice apart from ‘fairness’ also implies reasonableness, equity and equality. They are neither cast in a rigid mould nor can they be put in a legal straitjacket. These principles written by nature in the heart of mankind, they are immutable, inviolable, and inalienable.

It is true that the concept of natural justice is not very clear and, therefore, it is not possible to define it; yet the principles of natural justice are accepted and enforced. In the case of Ridge V. Baldwin Court observed that “in modern times have sometimes been expressed to the effect that natural justice is as vague as to be practically meaningless. But I would regard these as tainted by the perennial fallacy that because something cannot be cut and dried or nicely weighed or measured therefore it does not exist”. The term natural justice signifies fundamental rules of judicial procedure and fair play in action. According to Lord Widgery “the principles of natural justice were those fundamental rules; the breach will prevent justice from being seen to be done”. Earliest expression of ‘natural justice’ could be found in the philosophical expression of Roman Jurist (jus natural) and signified rules and principles for the conduct of man which were independent of enacted law or customs and could be discovered by the rational intelligence of man and would grow out of and conform to his nature.

The rule against bias that surfaced in 1610 in Dr Bonham's Casewhere Chief Justice Coke went so far as to say that the Court could declare an Act of Parliament void if it made a man as judge in his own cause, or otherwise ‘against common right and reason’. This was one of his grounds for disallowing the claim of the College of Physicians to fine and imprison Doctor Bonham, a Doctor of Physics of Cambridge University, for practising in the city of London without the licence of College of Physicians. The statute under which the College acted provided that fines should go half to the King half to the College so that the College had a financial interest in its own judgement and was judged in its own cause.

Question:

Mr X is an employee of a corporate office. His wife Y is a judge. In one instance, X is found to be involved in a money laundering case at his office. The office now files a suit and Y is appointed as the judge for this case. Decide.

Option: 1

Y is a judge by herself, hence can be appointed to adjudicate this case


Option: 2

Y is can be appointed as a judge only if she fulfils her responsibilities without any bias


Option: 3

Y can adjudicate the case and if the company finds the penalty to be insufficient then they can appeal against it


Option: 4

Y cannot be the judge in this case ab initio


Read the passage and answer the question that follow.

Natural justice is another name for common sense justice rules of natural justice are not in codified form these principles are embedded or ingrained or inbuilt in the conscience of human beings. It supplies the omission made in codified law and helps in the administration of justice. Natural justice is not only confined to ‘fairness’ it will take many shades and colours based on the context. Thus natural justice apart from ‘fairness’ also implies reasonableness, equity and equality. They are neither cast in a rigid mould nor can they be put in a legal straitjacket. These principles written by nature in the heart of mankind, they are immutable, inviolable, and inalienable.

It is true that the concept of natural justice is not very clear and, therefore, it is not possible to define it; yet the principles of natural justice are accepted and enforced. In the case of Ridge V. Baldwin Court observed that “in modern times have sometimes been expressed to the effect that natural justice is as vague as to be practically meaningless. But I would regard these as tainted by the perennial fallacy that because something cannot be cut and dried or nicely weighed or measured therefore it does not exist”. The term natural justice signifies fundamental rules of judicial procedure and fair play in action. According to Lord Widgery “the principles of natural justice were those fundamental rules; the breach will prevent justice from being seen to be done”. Earliest expression of ‘natural justice’ could be found in the philosophical expression of Roman Jurist (jus natural) and signified rules and principles for the conduct of man which were independent of enacted law or customs and could be discovered by the rational intelligence of man and would grow out of and conform to his nature.

The rule against bias that surfaced in 1610 in Dr Bonham's Casewhere Chief Justice Coke went so far as to say that the Court could declare an Act of Parliament void if it made a man as judge in his own cause, or otherwise ‘against common right and reason’. This was one of his grounds for disallowing the claim of the College of Physicians to fine and imprison Doctor Bonham, a Doctor of Physics of Cambridge University, for practising in the city of London without the licence of College of Physicians. The statute under which the College acted provided that fines should go half to the King half to the College so that the College had a financial interest in its own judgement and was judged in its own cause.

Question:

X was a renowned cricketer in the 1980s. His son Y is a struggling cricketer who has been trying to get into the national team for many years. In the year 2020, X is appointed as a member of the selection committee. In the match which is supposed to decide the final team of the nation, Y scores a century and Z scores 65 runs. However, Z is selected to represent India and Y is not. Y now appeals against the decision, the main ground being the presence of X in the committee. Decide.

Option: 1

The appeal will stand as Y scored a century yet Z was selected after scoring 65 runs


Option: 2

The appeal will be quashed since X’s presence should have benefitted Y, but it didn’t, hence the rejection of Y is valid


Option: 3

The appeal will stand as X’s presence is a factor of bias


Option: 4

The appeal will be quashed since X was a renowned cricketer


Read the passage and answer the question that follow.

Natural justice is another name for common sense justice rules of natural justice are not in codified form these principles are embedded or ingrained or inbuilt in the conscience of human beings. It supplies the omission made in codified law and helps in the administration of justice. Natural justice is not only confined to ‘fairness’ it will take many shades and colours based on the context. Thus natural justice apart from ‘fairness’ also implies reasonableness, equity and equality. They are neither cast in a rigid mould nor can they be put in a legal straitjacket. These principles written by nature in the heart of mankind, they are immutable, inviolable, and inalienable.

It is true that the concept of natural justice is not very clear and, therefore, it is not possible to define it; yet the principles of natural justice are accepted and enforced. In the case of Ridge V. Baldwin Court observed that “in modern times have sometimes been expressed to the effect that natural justice is as vague as to be practically meaningless. But I would regard these as tainted by the perennial fallacy that because something cannot be cut and dried or nicely weighed or measured therefore it does not exist”. The term natural justice signifies fundamental rules of judicial procedure and fair play in action. According to Lord Widgery “the principles of natural justice were those fundamental rules; the breach will prevent justice from being seen to be done”. Earliest expression of ‘natural justice’ could be found in the philosophical expression of Roman Jurist (jus natural) and signified rules and principles for the conduct of man which were independent of enacted law or customs and could be discovered by the rational intelligence of man and would grow out of and conform to his nature.

The rule against bias that surfaced in 1610 in Dr Bonham's Casewhere Chief Justice Coke went so far as to say that the Court could declare an Act of Parliament void if it made a man as judge in his own cause, or otherwise ‘against common right and reason’. This was one of his grounds for disallowing the claim of the College of Physicians to fine and imprison Doctor Bonham, a Doctor of Physics of Cambridge University, for practising in the city of London without the licence of College of Physicians. The statute under which the College acted provided that fines should go half to the King half to the College so that the College had a financial interest in its own judgement and was judged in its own cause.

Question:

X is a married judge who is well known for his honesty in the entire city. He has a son Y. One fine day Y gets kidnapped and the kidnapper demands a sum of 20 lakhs from X. However, the kidnapper is caught by the police. X is now appointed as the judge for the hearing of the kidnapper. Decide.

Option: 1

X can be the judge since he can decide the punishment better as he was the sufferer


Option: 2

X cannot be the judge since there is a possibility that he will be biased while delivering the judgement


Option: 3

X can be the judge since he is renowned for his honesty and fulfil his duties


Option: 4

X can be the judge but his statement can be appealed against if delivered with bias


Read the passage and answer the question that follow.

Natural justice is another name for common sense justice rules of natural justice are not in codified form these principles are embedded or ingrained or inbuilt in the conscience of human beings. It supplies the omission made in codified law and helps in the administration of justice. Natural justice is not only confined to ‘fairness’ it will take many shades and colours based on the context. Thus natural justice apart from ‘fairness’ also implies reasonableness, equity and equality. They are neither cast in a rigid mould nor can they be put in a legal straitjacket. These principles written by nature in the heart of mankind, they are immutable, inviolable, and inalienable.

It is true that the concept of natural justice is not very clear and, therefore, it is not possible to define it; yet the principles of natural justice are accepted and enforced. In the case of Ridge V. Baldwin Court observed that “in modern times have sometimes been expressed to the effect that natural justice is as vague as to be practically meaningless. But I would regard these as tainted by the perennial fallacy that because something cannot be cut and dried or nicely weighed or measured therefore it does not exist”. The term natural justice signifies fundamental rules of judicial procedure and fair play in action. According to Lord Widgery “the principles of natural justice were those fundamental rules; the breach will prevent justice from being seen to be done”. Earliest expression of ‘natural justice’ could be found in the philosophical expression of Roman Jurist (jus natural) and signified rules and principles for the conduct of man which were independent of enacted law or customs and could be discovered by the rational intelligence of man and would grow out of and conform to his nature.

The rule against bias that surfaced in 1610 in Dr Bonham's Casewhere Chief Justice Coke went so far as to say that the Court could declare an Act of Parliament void if it made a man as judge in his own cause, or otherwise ‘against common right and reason’. This was one of his grounds for disallowing the claim of the College of Physicians to fine and imprison Doctor Bonham, a Doctor of Physics of Cambridge University, for practising in the city of London without the licence of College of Physicians. The statute under which the College acted provided that fines should go half to the King half to the College so that the College had a financial interest in its own judgement and was judged in its own cause.

Question:

X and Y have been married for five years. X is a judge and Y is a doctor. X is pretty much unhappy with his married life so he wants to divorce Y. Y refuses to agree to a divorce by mutual consent hence X files a suit against Y. Decide.

Option: 1

X cannot file a suit since he is a judge


Option: 2

X can file a suit against Y in legal capacity but not as a judge


Option: 3

X cannot file a divorce suit against Y since there is no valid ground for divorce


Option: 4

X can proceed with mutual consent but not contested divorce


Read the passage and answer the question that follow.

In the case of M/S Halonex Limited, 59-A Noida vs State of U.P., it was held that “In reply to the aforesaid submission, learned counsel for opposite party no.2 submitted that the case of the applicants that no amount is due from their side to the complainant is a matter of defence which cannot be considered at this stage. It has been submitted that the term 'entrustment' as used in Section 405 IPC has been given a wider interpretation. It has been submitted that the goods returned by the complainant to the Company for replacement or for reimbursement would be deemed to have been entrusted to the Company and as the applicants 2 & 3 were handling its affair they become responsible. To buttress the said submission, the learned counsel for the complainant drew the attention of the Court to a decision of the Apex Court in the case of Ram Narayan Popli Vs. Central Bureau of Investigation: (2003) 3 SCC 641, wherein it was observed that: "the term "entrustment" is not necessarily a term of law. It may have different implications in different contexts. In its most general signification all it imports is the handing over possession for some purpose which may not imply the conferring of any proprietary right at all." Attention was also drawn to an observation made in the judgment of the aforesaid case, where it was observed that: "to establish the charge of criminal breach of trust, the prosecution is not obliged to prove the precise mode of conversion, misappropriation or misapplication by the accused of the property entrusted to him or over which he has dominion. The principal ingredient of the offence being dishonest misappropriation or conversion which may not ordinarily be a matter of direct proof, entrustment of property and failure in breach of an obligation to account for the property entrusted if proved, may, in the light of other circumstances, justifiably lead to an inference of dishonest misappropriation or conversion”.

Question:

X tracks down an expensive necklace on the road. Not knowing to whom it belongs. X sells it promptly to a jeweller without attempting to find the owner or submitting the necklace to the authorities. Decide the liability of X.

Option: 1

Extortion


Option: 2

Criminal breach of trust


Option: 3

Theft


Option: 4

Criminal misappropriation of Property


Lawyer

A lawyer is a professional who practises law. An Individual in the lawyer career path defends his or her client's cases and makes arguments on his or her behalf in both criminal and civil proceedings. A lawyer may advise and assist clients on how they should handle their legal issues. An individual as a career in law in India is considered one of the most sought-after careers.

A lawyer's job requires inhibiting skills. It involves practical applications of abstract legal theories and knowledge to solve specialised individual problems or to facilitate the interests of those who hire a lawyer to perform legal services. Here, in this article, we will discuss how to become a lawyer after 10th, is lawyer a good career in India, and how to become a lawyer in India.

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