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CLAT Seats 2025 - Seat Matrix and Categories of Reservation

CLAT Seats 2025 - Seat Matrix and Categories of Reservation

Edited By Sumeet Sudarshan | Updated on Oct 14, 2024 10:25 AM IST | #CLAT
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CLAT 2025 Seats: The Consortium of NLUs has published the CLAT seat matrix 2025 on its official website. The CLAT seats 2025 and reservation criteria is one of the factors that will decide candidates’ chances of admission. The Common Law Admission Test (CLAT) will be conducted for admission to 3864 5-year LLB seats and 1,551 seats in LLM courses including the NRI/ FN and supernumerary quota. The participating NLUs offer supernumerary CLAT seats for different categories and to candidates belonging to NRI/Foriegin National category separately and not through the centralised CLAT admission process. A total of 24 National Law Universities and more than 60 law schools will accept scores of CLAT 2025 for admissions. The CLAT seats 2025 will specify the number of seats available for admission in each NLU, domicile reservation, course-wise distribution and more.

CLAT 2025 exam will be held on December 1, 2024. The CLAT application form 2025 has been opened on July 15, 2024 and interested applicants can apply till October 15, 2024.

Total Seats in CLAT 2025 - Overview

Particulars

CLAT UG Seats

CLAT PG Seats

CLAT seats

3459

1396

NRI/Foreign National Seats25769
Supernumerary seats for various categories14886
Total38641551

CLAT 2025 Seats

The Consortium of NLUs will conduct a centralized counselling process for admission to CLAT 2025 seats. Students’ chances of admission in a particular NLU majorly depend on their rank, NLU preferences 2025 and their category. Candidates while checking the NLU CLAT seat matrix 2025 must first look for their state NLU and check how much domicile reservation it offers. The NLU-wise CLAT 2025 seats and domicile percentage has been given in the tables below:

NLU CLAT UG 2025 Seat Intake and Courses Offered

NLU NameCourseCLAT Seats
Supernumerary Seats



NRI / Foreign national seats

Other Category Seats

NLSIU Bengaluru

BA LLB (Hons.)

300

15 (FN)

-

NALSAR Hyderabad

BA LLB (Hons.)

132

-

-

NLIU Bhopal

BA LLB (Hons.)

104

18 (NRI/ NRI sponsored), 5 (FN)

12 (EWS)


BSc LLB (Hons.)

59

9 (NRI/NRI sponsored) 5 (FN)

-

WBNUJS Kolkata

BA LLB (Hons.)

108

20 (NRI/ NRI sponsored), 2 (FN)

2 (J&K)


B.Sc LLB (Hons.)

50

10 (NRI/NRI sponsored), 2 (FN)

2 (J&K)

NLU Jodhpur

BA LLB (Hons.)

90

16 (NRI / NRI sponsored)

12 (EWS)


BBA LLB (Hons.)

30

HNLU Raipur

BA LLB (Hons.)

170

8 (NRI), 2 (FN)

5 (Wards of Kashmir Migrants), 2 (Students of J&K)

GNLU Gandhinagar

5-year LLB (BA LLB(Hons.); BCom LLB(Hons.); BSc LLB (Hons.); BBA LLB(Hons) and BSW LLB(Hons)

172

16 (NRI), 5 (FN)

2 (J&K residents), 5 (North East India), 4 (Sports)

GNLU Silvassa Campus

BA LLB (Hons)

66

-

-

RMNLU Luknow

BA LLB (Hons)

169

20 (NRI/NRI Sponsored/ FN)

2 (Wards of Kashmiri Migrants/

Kashmiri Pandits/ Kashmiri Hindu

Families (Non-Migrants)

RGNUL Patiala

BA LLB (Hons)

180

5 (NRI)

18 (EWS), 9 (Wards of Kashmir Migrants), 2 (J&K residents)

CNLU Patna

BA LLB (Hons)

69

5 (NRI)

-


BBA LLB (Hons)

69

-

-

NUALS Kochi

BA LLB (Hons)

60

6 (NRI sponsored), 2 (FN)

6 (EWS), 2 (Transgenders), 2 (J&K Migrants)

NLUO Cuttack

BA LLB (Hons)

106

10 (NRI/NRIS/PIO/OCI ), 4 (FN)

-


BBA LLB (Hons)

53

5 (NRI/NRIS/PIO/OCI ), 2 (FN)

-

NUSRL Ranchi

BA LLB (Hons)

120

-

12 (EWS), 2 (J&K)


BBA LLB (Hons)

60

-

6 (EWS), 1 (J&K)

NLUJA Kamrup

BA LLB (Hons)

60

-

-

DSNLU Visakhapatnam

BA LLB (Hons)

120

12 (NRI / NRI Sponsored/ FN)

6 (Wards of Kashmiri Migrants and

Kashmiri Pandits / Kashmiri Hindu

Families (Non-Migrants))

TNNLU Tiruchirappalli

BA LLB (Hons)

56

3 (NRI/OCI guardian)

1 (Wards of Kashmiri Migrants and

Kashmiri Pandits / Kashmiri Hindu

Families (Non-Migrants)


BCom LLB (Hons)

56

3 (NRI/OCI guardian)

1 (Wards of Kashmiri Migrants and

Kashmiri Pandits / Kashmiri Hindu

Families (Non-Migrants)

MNLU Mumbai

BA LLB (Hons)

100

20 (NRI/NRI sponsored/ FN)

2 (Permanent Residents of J&K)

MNLU Nagpur

BA LLB (Hons)

120

-

-


BA LLB (Hons in Adjudication and Justicing)

60

-

-


BBA LLB (Hons)

60

-

-

MNLU Aurangabad

BA LLB (Hons.)

60

-

-


BBA LLB (Hons)

60

-

-

HPNLU Shimla

BA LLB (Hons)

120

18 (NRI/ FN)

6 (Kashmiri Migrants), 2 (Residents of J&K)


BBA LLB (Hons)

60

9 (NRI/ FN)

3 (Kashmiri Migrants), 2 (Residents of J&K)

DNLU Jabalpur

BA LLB (Hons)

120

-

12 (EWS), 2 (J&K)

DBRANLU Sonepat

BA LLB (Hons)

120

-

-

NLU Tripura

BA LLB (Hons)

60

-

-

RPNLU PrayagrajBA LLB (Hons)60
3 (J&K)

Total


3459

257

148


CLAT 2025 PG Seat Intake and Courses

NLU NameCourseCLAT Seats
Supernumerary Seats



NRI/ Foreign Nationals

Other category Seats

NLSIU Bengaluru

LLM

120

6 (FN)

-

NALSAR Hyderabad

LLM

66

-

-

NLIU Bhopal

LLM

60

5 (FN)

-

WBNUJS Kolkata

LLM

100

2 (FN)

-

NLU Jodhpur

LLM

80

-

-

HNLU Raipur

LLM

90

-

2 (Wards of Kashmiri Migrants), 2 (Students from J&K)

GNLU Gandhinagar

LLM

57

5 (NRI), 2 (FN)

1 (J&K residents), 2 (North East India),

GNLU Silvassa Campus

LLM

33

-

-

RMLNLU Lucknow

LLM

48

5 (NRI / NRI sponsored / FN)

2 (Wards of Kashmiri Migrants/ Kashmiri Pandits/

Kashmiri Hindu Families (Non-Migrants))

RGNUL Patiala

LLM

58

2 (FN)

6 (EWS), 3 (Wards of Kashmir Migrants), 2 (J&K residents)

NUALS Kochi

LLM

60


6 (EWS), 2 (Transgenders), 2 (J&K Migrants)

NLUO Cuttack

LLM

44

4 (NRI/NRIS/PIO/OCI ), 2 (FN)


NUSRL Ranchi

LLM

60

-

6 (EWS), 1 (J&K)

NLUJA Kamrup

LLM

40

-

-

DSNLU Visakhapatnam

LLM

60

6 (NRI / NRI Sponsored/ FN)

3 (Wards of Kashmiri Migrants and

Kashmiri Pandits / Kashmiri Hindu

Families (Non-Migrants))

TNNLU Tiruchirappalli

LLM Corporate and Securities Laws

20


1 (TN ST)


LLM Intellectual Property Law

20


1 (TN SC A)


LLM (Natural Resources Law)

20


1 (TN BC M)

MNLU Mumbai

LLM

50

20 (NRI/NRI Sponsored/ FN)

2 (Permanent Residents of J&K)

MNLU Nagpur

LLM

60

-

-

MNLU Aurangabad

LLM

60

-

-

HPNLU Shimla

LLM

80

12 (NRI/FN)

4 (Kashmiri Migrants), 2 (Residents of J&K), 22 (BC/OBC), 8 (EWS)

DNLU Jabalpur

LLM

50

-

5 (EWS), 2 (J&K)

NLU Tripura

LLM

50

-

-

RPNLU PrayagrajLLM10

Total


1396

69

86


Different Categories of CLAT 2025 Seats

There are various categories under which candidates can apply for admissions. The CLAT 2025 seats categories have been mentioned below:

  • Scheduled Tribe (ST)

  • Scheduled Caste (SC)

  • Other Backward Categories (OBC)

  • State Quota for the candidates in which NLU is located

  • Physically Disabled Candidates (PwD)

  • Foreign National Candidates/NRI

  • Kashmiri Migrants

  • Candidates belonging to the North Eastern States

CLAT Reservation Criteria 2025

All the participating NLUs follow the CLAT 2025 reservation criteria to allot seats to candidates. Most of the NLUs have a state domicile quota for candidates who belong to the state where the NLU is located. Apart from the state domicile, there is a mandatory EWS reservation in all NLUs. Different law schools have different reservation criteria according to different categories.
Check: CLAT 2024 detailed reservation criteria

CLAT Seat Allotment 2025

The CLAT 2025 seat allotment will be done through a centralized counselling process. The allotment will be done on the basis of CLAT seats 2025. The consortium of NLUs will invite approximately five times more candidates than the available CLAT 2025 seats. Candidates will then be allotted seats in UG and PG courses according to their merit ranks. There will be a total five rounds of CLAT seat allotment 2025. Once the five rounds are concluded, the NLU CLAT vacant seats 2025 will be filled individually by colleges.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

1. How many seats are there in CLAT 2025?

There are 3696 CLAT UG seats and 1541 CLAT PG seats including supernumerary and NRI/ Foreign national seats.

2. How many seats are there in top 5 NLUs?

There are around 900 seats available in 5-year LLB courses in top 5 NLUs.

3. Can I get an NLU in 4000 rank?

A rank of 4000 in CLAT 2025 cannot be termed as a very good rank, however, candidates from reserved categories might get admission in this rank.

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Questions related to CLAT

Have a question related to CLAT ?

Hello,

1. Check Confirmation Email and Receipt

After submitting your form and payment, confirm you received an email with your application ID and receipt. Also, check spam or junk folders.

2. Log in to CLAT Account

On the official CLAT website, log in and review your application. Look for confirmation of payment status—“Completed” or “Successful” indicates a likely acceptance.

3. Verify Application Status on Dashboard

The dashboard should show your application status. Look for terms like "Successfully Submitted" to confirm everything went through.

4. Review Form Details

Double-check that all form sections are filled correctly, and verify all uploaded documents. Errors here can cause rejection.

5. Contact CLAT Helpdesk

If your form status is unclear, reach out to CLAT’s official helpline for confirmation.

6. Watch for Correction Windows

Stay updated on the CLAT website or email for any form correction windows if needed.

Following these steps should help confirm your form’s acceptance.

Hope it helps !

Nlsiu Banglore is one of the most prestigious and highly ranked college, that make is difficult to secure a seat for many students. To get in to nlsiu in 2025, you must score 95+ marks  to have assurance of seat for general category. For other categories, the score is between 85-90 based on previous trends.

About 25% seats of Nlsiu Banglore are reserved for Karnataka Residents. So ,it makes more competition for other state students to get into ,as one - fourth seats are already reserved.

To get into nlsiu Banglore ,you really need to work very hard, as thousands of students sit for exam, and only few of them are selected, about 50-60 students form general category.

Go through the previous year question papers.

Make a proper time table and strictly follow and

Give as many mock tests before exam as you can give to assure good score in clat 2025.

All the best!


According to previous year trends If you are aiming nmims law Hyderabad you should score between 95–100 for the general category in CLAT 2025 .and between 80–85 for the SC/ST and OBC categories.also,nmims accepts LSAT score too for admission in law college.cutoff always depends on various factors and likely to change so try to score as much as you can.

Moreover,same score is also accepted in admission to top NLUs, candidates should score above 90 to get in nlu Hyderabad and A score of around 80–90 is considered decent and you may get admission to lower-ranked NLUs.

Hello,

Since you’ve cracked CLAT UG and are moving to another law college, you need to submit the **Transfer Certificate (TC)** from your current institution, BHU. The TC from your school (class 12) is no longer required as you are already enrolled in another higher education institution. Ensure you get the TC from BHU, as it is a crucial document for the transfer and admission process at your new college.

Hy,

  1. For CLAT (Common Law Admission Test) : No, it is not mandatory to have mathematics in Class 12 to apply for CLAT. CLAT is the entrance exam for undergraduate law programs (BA LLB, BBA LLB, etc.) in National Law Universities (NLUs) across India. The eligibility criteria for CLAT UG simply require you to have passed Class 12 with at least 45% marks (40% for reserved categories). The test itself includes a section on quantitative techniques, but it covers basic mathematics (up to Class 10 level), so you don't need to have studied math in Class 12.

  2. For Law Programs via CUET (Common University Entrance Test) : Similar to CLAT, maths is not mandatory for applying to law programs through CUET. CUET offers access to various central universities and other participating institutions for undergraduate courses, including law. The eligibility typically revolves around having passed Class 12 with a minimum percentage as set by the individual university or program. However, different universities may have slightly varied requirements, so it's advisable to check the specific eligibility criteria of the law program you’re interested in. Most of them, however, do not mandate mathematics as a subject in 12th.

In conclusion, while basic math skills are tested in the CLAT, math is not a required subject in Class 12 for either CLAT or most CUET-based law programs.

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Passage 1
Read the passage below and answer the following question.
Cheating is considered a criminal offence under the Indian Penal Code. It is done to gain profit or advantage from another person by using some deceitful means. The person who deceives another knows for the fact that it would place the other person in an unfair situation. Cheating as an offence can be made punishable under Section 420 of the IPC. Scope of Section 415 Cheating is defined under Section 415 of the Indian Penal Code as whoever fraudulently or dishonestly deceives a person to induce that person to deliver a property to any person or to consent to retain any property. If a person intentionally induces a person to do or omit to do any act which he would not have done if he was not deceived to do so and the act has caused harm to that person in body, mind, reputation, or property, then the person who fraudulently, dishonestly or intentionally induced the other person is said to cheat. Any dishonest concealment of facts that can deceive a person to do an act that he would not have done otherwise is also cheating within the meaning of this section. Essential Ingredients of Cheating requires · deception of any person. Fraudulently or dishonestly inducing that person to deliver any property to any person or to consent that any person shall retain any property; or · intentionally inducing a person to do or omit to do anything which he would not do or omit if he were not so deceived, and the act or omission causes or is likely to cause damage or harm to that person in body, mind, reputation or property.
Deceit– a tort arising from an untrue or false statement of facts which are made by a person, recklessly or knowingly, with an intention that it shall be acted upon by the other person, who would suffer damages as a result. 
Fraud – a false or untrue representation of the fact, that is made with the knowledge of its falsity or without the belief in its truth or a reckless statement that may or may not be true, with an intention to induce a person or individual to act independent of it with the result that the person acts on it and suffers damages and harm. In other words, it is a wrong act or criminal deception with an intention to result in financial or personal gain.
Question - 1 
D went to a moneylender, Z, for the loan. D intentionally pledges the gold article with Z taking the loan. D knows that the article is not made of gold. After a few days, D leaves the village. Decide.

 

Option: 1 None

Option: 2 None

Option: 3 None

Option: 4 None

Read the passage carefully and answer the question

The Contract should be performed by the promisor himself. However, in certain cases, it can also be performed by his agents or legal representatives. It all depends upon the intention of the parties. Normally a contract can be performed by the following persons. 

  1. Promisor himself: If from the nature of the contract it appears that it was the intention of the parties that the promise should be performed by the promisor himself, such promise must be performed by the promisor. This usually applies to contracts involving personal skill, task, or artwork. 
  2. Promisor or his Agent: Where the contract does not involve the personal skill of the promisor, the contract could be performed by the promisor himself or by any competent person employed by him for the purpose, 
  3. Legal Representatives: The contracts which do not involve any personal skill or taste, may be performed by his legal representative after the death of the promisor.
  4. Third Person: In some cases, a contract may be performed by a third person provided the promisee accepts the arrangement. According to Section 41 of the Indian Contract Act, once the promisee accepts the performance from a third person, he cannot compel the promisor to perform the contract again. 
  5. Performance of Joint Promises: According to section 42 of the Indian Contract Act, when two or more persons have made a joint promise, the joint promisors must fulfill the promise jointly during their lifetime. And if any one of them dies, then his legal representatives and survivors must jointly fulfill the promise. 

Section 43 of the Indian Contract Act further provides that unless a contrary intention appears from the contract, each joint promisor may compel every other joint promisor to contribute equally to the performance of the promise. If any joint promisor makes a default in such contribution, the remaining joint promisors must bear the loss arising from such default in equal shares.

Question:

Aman received a box of chocolates from Basant and promised to pay Rupees 5000. Later on, A becomes bankrupt. Chetan who is a friend of Aman pays rupees 1000 to Besant on behalf of Aman. Aman is not aware of such a transaction. In civil court, insolvency proceedings have started against Aman. Meanwhile, Basant has also applied for a recovery of 5000 rupees. Decide.

Option: 1

Basant is entitled to recover the amount of 5000 from Aman.


Option: 2

Basant is entitled to recover the amount of 4000 from Aman.


Option: 3

Chetan is entitled to recover the amount of 1000 from Basant.


Option: 4

Basant cannot recover any amount from Aman as he has become insolvent.


Read the passage carefully and answer the question

The Contract should be performed by the promisor himself. However, in certain cases, it can also be performed by his agents or legal representatives. It all depends upon the intention of the parties. Normally a contract can be performed by the following persons. 

  1. Promisor himself: If from the nature of the contract it appears that it was the intention of the parties that the promise should be performed by the promisor himself, such promise must be performed by the promisor. This usually applies to contracts involving personal skill, task, or artwork. 
  2. Promisor or his Agent: Where the contract does not involve the personal skill of the promisor, the contract could be performed by the promisor himself or by any competent person employed by him for the purpose, 
  3. Legal Representatives: The contracts which do not involve any personal skill or taste, may be performed by his legal representative after the death of the promisor.
  4. Third Person: In some cases, a contract may be performed by a third person provided the promisee accepts the arrangement. According to Section 41 of the Indian Contract Act, once the promisee accepts the performance from a third person, he cannot compel the promisor to perform the contract again. 
  5. Performance of Joint Promises: According to section 42 of the Indian Contract Act, when two or more persons have made a joint promise, the joint promisors must fulfill the promise jointly during their lifetime. And if any one of them dies, then his legal representatives and survivors must jointly fulfill the promise. 

Section 43 of the Indian Contract Act further provides that unless a contrary intention appears from the contract, each joint promisor may compel every other joint promisor to contribute equally to the performance of the promise. If any joint promisor makes a default in such contribution, the remaining joint promisors must bear the loss arising from such default in equal shares.

Question:

K promises to paint a picture for L on a certain day, at a certain price. K dies before the day of the contract. Decide. 

Option: 1

The contract can be enforced by K’s representative 


Option: 2

The contract can be enforced by L


Option: 3

The contract can be enforced either by K’s representation or by L 


Option: 4

The contract cannot be enforced either by K’s representative, or L


Read the passage carefully and answer the question

The Contract should be performed by the promisor himself. However, in certain cases, it can also be performed by his agents or legal representatives. It all depends upon the intention of the parties. Normally a contract can be performed by the following persons. 

  1. Promisor himself: If from the nature of the contract it appears that it was the intention of the parties that the promise should be performed by the promisor himself, such promise must be performed by the promisor. This usually applies to contracts involving personal skill, task, or artwork. 
  2. Promisor or his Agent: Where the contract does not involve the personal skill of the promisor, the contract could be performed by the promisor himself or by any competent person employed by him for the purpose, 
  3. Legal Representatives: The contracts which do not involve any personal skill or taste, may be performed by his legal representative after the death of the promisor.
  4. Third Person: In some cases, a contract may be performed by a third person provided the promisee accepts the arrangement. According to Section 41 of the Indian Contract Act, once the promisee accepts the performance from a third person, he cannot compel the promisor to perform the contract again. 
  5. Performance of Joint Promises: According to section 42 of the Indian Contract Act, when two or more persons have made a joint promise, the joint promisors must fulfill the promise jointly during their lifetime. And if any one of them dies, then his legal representatives and survivors must jointly fulfill the promise. 

Section 43 of the Indian Contract Act further provides that unless a contrary intention appears from the contract, each joint promisor may compel every other joint promisor to contribute equally to the performance of the promise. If any joint promisor makes a default in such contribution, the remaining joint promisors must bear the loss arising from such default in equal shares.

Question:

Rohan has agreed to manage the catering services during the marriage of Sohan’s son Ramu. On the day of marriage, Rohan felt ill and sent his manager to the management of catering services. Ramu happily gets married to Tina and people appreciated the food and decoration of the event. When Rohan asked Sohan for the remaining amount, he denied it because Rohan himself had not managed so it is a breach. Decide.

 

Option: 1

Rohan is not entitled to get the remaining amount due to a breach of contract.


Option: 2

Rohan is entitled to sue Sohan for the remaining amount.


Option: 3

Rohan is entitled to sue Ramu because it was his marriage.


Option: 4

Instead of Rohan, his manager can only sue Sohan for the breach.


Read the passage and answer the question that follow.

Natural justice is another name for common sense justice rules of natural justice are not in codified form these principles are embedded or ingrained or inbuilt in the conscience of human beings. It supplies the omission made in codified law and helps in the administration of justice. Natural justice is not only confined to ‘fairness’ it will take many shades and colours based on the context. Thus natural justice apart from ‘fairness’ also implies reasonableness, equity and equality. They are neither cast in a rigid mould nor can they be put in a legal straitjacket. These principles written by nature in the heart of mankind, they are immutable, inviolable, and inalienable.

It is true that the concept of natural justice is not very clear and, therefore, it is not possible to define it; yet the principles of natural justice are accepted and enforced. In the case of Ridge V. Baldwin Court observed that “in modern times have sometimes been expressed to the effect that natural justice is as vague as to be practically meaningless. But I would regard these as tainted by the perennial fallacy that because something cannot be cut and dried or nicely weighed or measured therefore it does not exist”. The term natural justice signifies fundamental rules of judicial procedure and fair play in action. According to Lord Widgery “the principles of natural justice were those fundamental rules; the breach will prevent justice from being seen to be done”. Earliest expression of ‘natural justice’ could be found in the philosophical expression of Roman Jurist (jus natural) and signified rules and principles for the conduct of man which were independent of enacted law or customs and could be discovered by the rational intelligence of man and would grow out of and conform to his nature.

The rule against bias that surfaced in 1610 in Dr Bonham's Casewhere Chief Justice Coke went so far as to say that the Court could declare an Act of Parliament void if it made a man as judge in his own cause, or otherwise ‘against common right and reason’. This was one of his grounds for disallowing the claim of the College of Physicians to fine and imprison Doctor Bonham, a Doctor of Physics of Cambridge University, for practising in the city of London without the licence of College of Physicians. The statute under which the College acted provided that fines should go half to the King half to the College so that the College had a financial interest in its own judgement and was judged in its own cause.

Question:

X is a student of a college and his father Y is a professor in the same college. In one instance, X is caught to be involved in unparliamentary activities inside the college campus. The enquiry committee is set up and Y is appointed as the head of the committee. Decide.

Option: 1

Y is a professor of the same college hence he can become a member of the enquiry committee


Option: 2

Y is X’s father hence he should not be a part of the enquiry committee


Option: 3

Y can be a part of the enquiry committee but cannot be its head


Option: 4

There is no rule that prevents the appointment of Y until he fulfils his function diligently


Read the passage and answer the question that follow.

Natural justice is another name for common sense justice rules of natural justice are not in codified form these principles are embedded or ingrained or inbuilt in the conscience of human beings. It supplies the omission made in codified law and helps in the administration of justice. Natural justice is not only confined to ‘fairness’ it will take many shades and colours based on the context. Thus natural justice apart from ‘fairness’ also implies reasonableness, equity and equality. They are neither cast in a rigid mould nor can they be put in a legal straitjacket. These principles written by nature in the heart of mankind, they are immutable, inviolable, and inalienable.

It is true that the concept of natural justice is not very clear and, therefore, it is not possible to define it; yet the principles of natural justice are accepted and enforced. In the case of Ridge V. Baldwin Court observed that “in modern times have sometimes been expressed to the effect that natural justice is as vague as to be practically meaningless. But I would regard these as tainted by the perennial fallacy that because something cannot be cut and dried or nicely weighed or measured therefore it does not exist”. The term natural justice signifies fundamental rules of judicial procedure and fair play in action. According to Lord Widgery “the principles of natural justice were those fundamental rules; the breach will prevent justice from being seen to be done”. Earliest expression of ‘natural justice’ could be found in the philosophical expression of Roman Jurist (jus natural) and signified rules and principles for the conduct of man which were independent of enacted law or customs and could be discovered by the rational intelligence of man and would grow out of and conform to his nature.

The rule against bias that surfaced in 1610 in Dr Bonham's Casewhere Chief Justice Coke went so far as to say that the Court could declare an Act of Parliament void if it made a man as judge in his own cause, or otherwise ‘against common right and reason’. This was one of his grounds for disallowing the claim of the College of Physicians to fine and imprison Doctor Bonham, a Doctor of Physics of Cambridge University, for practising in the city of London without the licence of College of Physicians. The statute under which the College acted provided that fines should go half to the King half to the College so that the College had a financial interest in its own judgement and was judged in its own cause.

Question:

Mr X is an employee of a corporate office. His wife Y is a judge. In one instance, X is found to be involved in a money laundering case at his office. The office now files a suit and Y is appointed as the judge for this case. Decide.

Option: 1

Y is a judge by herself, hence can be appointed to adjudicate this case


Option: 2

Y is can be appointed as a judge only if she fulfils her responsibilities without any bias


Option: 3

Y can adjudicate the case and if the company finds the penalty to be insufficient then they can appeal against it


Option: 4

Y cannot be the judge in this case ab initio


Read the passage and answer the question that follow.

Natural justice is another name for common sense justice rules of natural justice are not in codified form these principles are embedded or ingrained or inbuilt in the conscience of human beings. It supplies the omission made in codified law and helps in the administration of justice. Natural justice is not only confined to ‘fairness’ it will take many shades and colours based on the context. Thus natural justice apart from ‘fairness’ also implies reasonableness, equity and equality. They are neither cast in a rigid mould nor can they be put in a legal straitjacket. These principles written by nature in the heart of mankind, they are immutable, inviolable, and inalienable.

It is true that the concept of natural justice is not very clear and, therefore, it is not possible to define it; yet the principles of natural justice are accepted and enforced. In the case of Ridge V. Baldwin Court observed that “in modern times have sometimes been expressed to the effect that natural justice is as vague as to be practically meaningless. But I would regard these as tainted by the perennial fallacy that because something cannot be cut and dried or nicely weighed or measured therefore it does not exist”. The term natural justice signifies fundamental rules of judicial procedure and fair play in action. According to Lord Widgery “the principles of natural justice were those fundamental rules; the breach will prevent justice from being seen to be done”. Earliest expression of ‘natural justice’ could be found in the philosophical expression of Roman Jurist (jus natural) and signified rules and principles for the conduct of man which were independent of enacted law or customs and could be discovered by the rational intelligence of man and would grow out of and conform to his nature.

The rule against bias that surfaced in 1610 in Dr Bonham's Casewhere Chief Justice Coke went so far as to say that the Court could declare an Act of Parliament void if it made a man as judge in his own cause, or otherwise ‘against common right and reason’. This was one of his grounds for disallowing the claim of the College of Physicians to fine and imprison Doctor Bonham, a Doctor of Physics of Cambridge University, for practising in the city of London without the licence of College of Physicians. The statute under which the College acted provided that fines should go half to the King half to the College so that the College had a financial interest in its own judgement and was judged in its own cause.

Question:

X was a renowned cricketer in the 1980s. His son Y is a struggling cricketer who has been trying to get into the national team for many years. In the year 2020, X is appointed as a member of the selection committee. In the match which is supposed to decide the final team of the nation, Y scores a century and Z scores 65 runs. However, Z is selected to represent India and Y is not. Y now appeals against the decision, the main ground being the presence of X in the committee. Decide.

Option: 1

The appeal will stand as Y scored a century yet Z was selected after scoring 65 runs


Option: 2

The appeal will be quashed since X’s presence should have benefitted Y, but it didn’t, hence the rejection of Y is valid


Option: 3

The appeal will stand as X’s presence is a factor of bias


Option: 4

The appeal will be quashed since X was a renowned cricketer


Read the passage and answer the question that follow.

Natural justice is another name for common sense justice rules of natural justice are not in codified form these principles are embedded or ingrained or inbuilt in the conscience of human beings. It supplies the omission made in codified law and helps in the administration of justice. Natural justice is not only confined to ‘fairness’ it will take many shades and colours based on the context. Thus natural justice apart from ‘fairness’ also implies reasonableness, equity and equality. They are neither cast in a rigid mould nor can they be put in a legal straitjacket. These principles written by nature in the heart of mankind, they are immutable, inviolable, and inalienable.

It is true that the concept of natural justice is not very clear and, therefore, it is not possible to define it; yet the principles of natural justice are accepted and enforced. In the case of Ridge V. Baldwin Court observed that “in modern times have sometimes been expressed to the effect that natural justice is as vague as to be practically meaningless. But I would regard these as tainted by the perennial fallacy that because something cannot be cut and dried or nicely weighed or measured therefore it does not exist”. The term natural justice signifies fundamental rules of judicial procedure and fair play in action. According to Lord Widgery “the principles of natural justice were those fundamental rules; the breach will prevent justice from being seen to be done”. Earliest expression of ‘natural justice’ could be found in the philosophical expression of Roman Jurist (jus natural) and signified rules and principles for the conduct of man which were independent of enacted law or customs and could be discovered by the rational intelligence of man and would grow out of and conform to his nature.

The rule against bias that surfaced in 1610 in Dr Bonham's Casewhere Chief Justice Coke went so far as to say that the Court could declare an Act of Parliament void if it made a man as judge in his own cause, or otherwise ‘against common right and reason’. This was one of his grounds for disallowing the claim of the College of Physicians to fine and imprison Doctor Bonham, a Doctor of Physics of Cambridge University, for practising in the city of London without the licence of College of Physicians. The statute under which the College acted provided that fines should go half to the King half to the College so that the College had a financial interest in its own judgement and was judged in its own cause.

Question:

X is a married judge who is well known for his honesty in the entire city. He has a son Y. One fine day Y gets kidnapped and the kidnapper demands a sum of 20 lakhs from X. However, the kidnapper is caught by the police. X is now appointed as the judge for the hearing of the kidnapper. Decide.

Option: 1

X can be the judge since he can decide the punishment better as he was the sufferer


Option: 2

X cannot be the judge since there is a possibility that he will be biased while delivering the judgement


Option: 3

X can be the judge since he is renowned for his honesty and fulfil his duties


Option: 4

X can be the judge but his statement can be appealed against if delivered with bias


Read the passage and answer the question that follow.

Natural justice is another name for common sense justice rules of natural justice are not in codified form these principles are embedded or ingrained or inbuilt in the conscience of human beings. It supplies the omission made in codified law and helps in the administration of justice. Natural justice is not only confined to ‘fairness’ it will take many shades and colours based on the context. Thus natural justice apart from ‘fairness’ also implies reasonableness, equity and equality. They are neither cast in a rigid mould nor can they be put in a legal straitjacket. These principles written by nature in the heart of mankind, they are immutable, inviolable, and inalienable.

It is true that the concept of natural justice is not very clear and, therefore, it is not possible to define it; yet the principles of natural justice are accepted and enforced. In the case of Ridge V. Baldwin Court observed that “in modern times have sometimes been expressed to the effect that natural justice is as vague as to be practically meaningless. But I would regard these as tainted by the perennial fallacy that because something cannot be cut and dried or nicely weighed or measured therefore it does not exist”. The term natural justice signifies fundamental rules of judicial procedure and fair play in action. According to Lord Widgery “the principles of natural justice were those fundamental rules; the breach will prevent justice from being seen to be done”. Earliest expression of ‘natural justice’ could be found in the philosophical expression of Roman Jurist (jus natural) and signified rules and principles for the conduct of man which were independent of enacted law or customs and could be discovered by the rational intelligence of man and would grow out of and conform to his nature.

The rule against bias that surfaced in 1610 in Dr Bonham's Casewhere Chief Justice Coke went so far as to say that the Court could declare an Act of Parliament void if it made a man as judge in his own cause, or otherwise ‘against common right and reason’. This was one of his grounds for disallowing the claim of the College of Physicians to fine and imprison Doctor Bonham, a Doctor of Physics of Cambridge University, for practising in the city of London without the licence of College of Physicians. The statute under which the College acted provided that fines should go half to the King half to the College so that the College had a financial interest in its own judgement and was judged in its own cause.

Question:

X and Y have been married for five years. X is a judge and Y is a doctor. X is pretty much unhappy with his married life so he wants to divorce Y. Y refuses to agree to a divorce by mutual consent hence X files a suit against Y. Decide.

Option: 1

X cannot file a suit since he is a judge


Option: 2

X can file a suit against Y in legal capacity but not as a judge


Option: 3

X cannot file a divorce suit against Y since there is no valid ground for divorce


Option: 4

X can proceed with mutual consent but not contested divorce


Read the passage and answer the question that follow.

In the case of M/S Halonex Limited, 59-A Noida vs State of U.P., it was held that “In reply to the aforesaid submission, learned counsel for opposite party no.2 submitted that the case of the applicants that no amount is due from their side to the complainant is a matter of defence which cannot be considered at this stage. It has been submitted that the term 'entrustment' as used in Section 405 IPC has been given a wider interpretation. It has been submitted that the goods returned by the complainant to the Company for replacement or for reimbursement would be deemed to have been entrusted to the Company and as the applicants 2 & 3 were handling its affair they become responsible. To buttress the said submission, the learned counsel for the complainant drew the attention of the Court to a decision of the Apex Court in the case of Ram Narayan Popli Vs. Central Bureau of Investigation: (2003) 3 SCC 641, wherein it was observed that: "the term "entrustment" is not necessarily a term of law. It may have different implications in different contexts. In its most general signification all it imports is the handing over possession for some purpose which may not imply the conferring of any proprietary right at all." Attention was also drawn to an observation made in the judgment of the aforesaid case, where it was observed that: "to establish the charge of criminal breach of trust, the prosecution is not obliged to prove the precise mode of conversion, misappropriation or misapplication by the accused of the property entrusted to him or over which he has dominion. The principal ingredient of the offence being dishonest misappropriation or conversion which may not ordinarily be a matter of direct proof, entrustment of property and failure in breach of an obligation to account for the property entrusted if proved, may, in the light of other circumstances, justifiably lead to an inference of dishonest misappropriation or conversion”.

Question:

X tracks down an expensive necklace on the road. Not knowing to whom it belongs. X sells it promptly to a jeweller without attempting to find the owner or submitting the necklace to the authorities. Decide the liability of X.

Option: 1

Extortion


Option: 2

Criminal breach of trust


Option: 3

Theft


Option: 4

Criminal misappropriation of Property


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