CLAT Cut off 2025 for General Category: Expected Cutoff Marks for CLAT UG

CLAT Cut off 2025 for General Category: Expected Cutoff Marks for CLAT UG

Edited By Sumeet Sudarshan | Updated on May 26, 2025 06:08 PM IST | #CLAT

The Consortium of National Law Universities (NLUs) published the CLAT cut-off 2025 for general category on its official website - consortiumofnlus.ac.in. Candidates can download the general cut-off from the CLAT 2025 merit list which will be published before each round of counselling. The CLAT 2025 cut-off for general category is usually higher than the cut-offs for other categories as per trends observed in the CLAT cut-offs for previous years. The analysis of the success rate of CLAT shows that the maximum pass rate in CLAT 2025 is 6.66% for UG and 10.73% for PG which along with the high cut-off marks, makes CLAT tough. Read on to get all the details on the CLAT cut-off for general category including the expected cut-off, good score in CLAT 2025 and more.

This Story also Contains
  1. CLAT Cut off 2025 for General Category Release Dates
  2. How to Download CLAT 2025 Cut-Off for General?
  3. Analysis of CLAT 2025 Cut-Off Trends for General Category
  4. CLAT College Predictor 2025
  5. CLAT 2025 Seat Intake for General
  6. Previous Year CLAT Cut Off for General Category
CLAT Cut off 2025 for General Category: Expected Cutoff Marks for CLAT UG
CLAT Cut off 2025 for General Category: Expected Cutoff Marks for CLAT UG

The Consortium of NLUs conducted CLAT 2025 on December 1, 2024. The CLAT 2025 revised result was declared on May 17, 2025. Through the Common Law Admission Test, candidates will be admitted into the 5-year LLB programmes of 24 participating NLUs and 60+ affiliated colleges. Whereas through the Common Law Admission Test PG, candidates will be admitted into the LLM programme. Candidates from the general category have to clear the CLAT 2025 expected cut-off for general to obtain CLAT 2025 seat allotment in the counselling process.

CLAT Cut off 2025 for General Category Release Dates

The consortium will publish the CLAT general cut-off 2025 separately for each participating NLU for each round of round of CLAT 2025 counselling. In all there will be three rounds of CLAT counselling this year. The table below provides the release dates for the CLAT 2025 cut off general.

CLAT 2025 General Cut Off Dates

Particulars

CLAT UG 2025 General Cut off

CLAT 2025 PG General Cut Off

Round 1

May 26, 2025TBA

Round 2

June 4, 2025TBA

Round 3

June 20, 2025TBA

How to Download CLAT 2025 Cut-Off for General?

The CLAT cut-off 2025 for the general category is available in the CLAT merit list published by the consortium for UG and PG programmes before the start of each round of counselling. Candidates can download the cut off from the consortium’s official website.

Steps to Download CLAT 2025 General Cut Off

  • Visit the official website - consortiumofnlus.ac.in

  • Click on the CLAT 2025 tab

  • Next, in the notification section click on the CLAT merit list link for the desired round

  • On the next page, select the NLU for which the CLAT 2025 general cut-off is required

  • The CLAT cut-off 2025 for general category pdf will be displayed on the screen

  • Download and save the pdf for future reference

Parul University Law Admissions 2025

Registrations Deadline- 05th July | India's youngest NAAC A++ accredited University | NIRF rank band 151-200 | Approved by Bar Council of India

UPES Integrated LLB Admissions 2025

Ranked #28 amongst Institutions in India by NIRF | Ranked #1 in India for Academic Reputation by QS Rankings | 16.6 LPA Highest CTC | Last Date to Apply: 23rd June

CLAT 2025 Cutoff Round 1 for all NLUs - General

NLU Name

General Category Closing Ranks

NLSIU Bengaluru

100

NALSAR Hyderabad

150

WBNUJS Kolkata BA LLB

285

WBNUJS BSc LLB

652

NLIU Bhopal BA LLB

458

NLIU Bhopa; BSc. LLB

821

NLU Jodhpur

357

HNLU Raipur

765

GNLU Gandhinagar

402

GNLU Silvassa

1252

RLMNLU Lucknow

721

RGNUL Patiala

1146

CNLU Patna BA LLB

1278

CNLU Patna BBA LLB

1424

NUALS Kochi

1175

NLU Odissa BA LLB

943

NLU Odissa BBA LLB

1034

NUSRL Ranchi BA LLB

1476

NUSRL Ranchi BBA LLB

1504

NLUJ Assam

1643

DSNLU Visakhapatnam

1489

TNNLU Tiruchirappalli BA LLB

1516

TNNLU Tiruchirappalli BA LLB

1642

MNLU Mumbai

536

MNLU Nagpur BA LLB

1353

MNLU Nagpur BBA LLB

1375

MNLU Aurangabad BA LLB

1580

MNLU Aurangabad BBA LLB

1850

HPNLU Shimla BA LLB

1951

HPNLU Shimla BBA LLB

1994

MPDNLU Jabalpur

1762

DBRANLU Sonepat

1621

NLUT Agartala

2098

RPNLU Prayagraj

1987

IIURL Goa BA LLB

2096

IIURL Goa BBA LLB

2150


Factors Affecting CLAT 2025 Cut-Off for General Category

The CLAT general cut-off 2025 will be determined based on the following factors-

  • Number of applicants

  • Difficulty level of the exam

  • Availability of seats

  • Reservation criteria followed by the NLU

  • NLU preferences given by candidates

CLAT 2025 College Predictor
Know your admission chances in National Law Universities based on your home state & exam result for All India Category & State Category seat.
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Analysis of CLAT 2025 Cut-Off Trends for General Category

The CLAT 2025 general category cut-off will be the benchmark for success in the CLAT 2025 exam for general category candidates. As per the CLAT exam analysis of the previous year's CLAT question paper, a good score in CLAT UG 2025 for general category is expected to be 100+. With a score of 100 or more in CLAT 2025 a candidate is expected to achieve a rank within 150 and gain admission into NLSIU Bengaluru or NALSAR Hyderabad. For Tier 1 NLUs such as NLIU Bhopal and GNLU Gandhinagar, a CLAT cut-off rank of 450 is needed for general category candidates.

Last year, the consortium revised the CLAT exam pattern 2025 by reducing the number of questions to make the exam more student-friendly. This change has resulted in higher CLAT cut-off marks for general category. However, the change in CLAT cut off 2025 rank for general category is not expected to be significant. The CLAT general cut-off rank has gone beyond 100 for NLSIU Bengaluru due to the introduction of more seats last year. An understanding of CLAT marks vs rank can help candidates understand how marks in CLAT translate to a particular rank.

CLAT 2025 General Cut-Off for Top NLUs

Name of Law School

Expected CLAT 2025 cut-off marks for general

Expected CLAT cut-off rank for general

NLSIU Bengaluru

100+

100

NALSAR Hyderabad

100+

150

WBNUJS Kolkata

98+250

NLU Jodhpur

95+350

NLIU Bhopal

95+450

GNLU Gandhinagar

95+450

MNLU Mumbai

93+600

RMNLU Luknow

91+750

HNLU Raipur

91+800

NLU Odisha

89+

1200


CLAT College Predictor 2025

The Consortium of NLUs successfully conducted the CLAT 2025 exam on December 1, 2024 and released the revised results of the CLAT on May 17, 2025. Candidates can predict the colleges they can get admission to based on their CLAT marks and revised rank. The CLAT College Predictor by Careers360 provides college suggestions based on a large database of past CLAT cut-off 2025 trends for different colleges. The CLAT college predictor also helps the candidates get insight into the availability of seats, courses, and category-wise expected cut-offs.

CLAT 2025 Seat Intake for General

The success rate in CLAT 2025 for general candidates can be analysed in terms of the number of seats on offer and the candidates that appear for the exam. As per the exam statistics available for last year, 58504 candidates appeared for CLAT UG and 10282 candidates appeared for CLAT PG. In comparison, the number of CLAT seats for the general category is less making CLAT tough for law aspirants. The total number of general category seats in CLAT 2025 is around 1637 seats for 5-year LLB and 699 for LLM. The seat availability is one of the determining factors for the CLAT cut-off 2025 for general. The table given below provides the CLAT 2025 general seat matrix.

CLAT 2025 General Category Seats

Sl. noNLU NameUG SeatsPG Seats
1NLSIU Bengaluru12148
2NALSAR Hyderabad6633
3WBNUJS Kolkata7369
4NLIU Bhopal7830
5NLU Jodhpur6224
6HNLU Raipur9145
7GNLU Gandhinagar7926
8GNLU Silvassa Campus3116
9RMLNLU Lucknow8020
10RGNUL Patiala13444
11CNLU Patna56-
12NUALS Kochi3636
13NLUO Odisha12834
14NUSRL Ranchi6024
15NLUJA Assam3120
16DSNLU Visakhapatnam7839
17TNNLU Tiruchirapalli3418
18MNLU Mumbai3717
19MNLU Nagpur4623
20MNLU Aurangabad4623
21HPNLU Shimla9262
22DNLU Jabalpur6025
23DBRANLU Haryana90-
24NLU Tripura2823
25RPNLU Prayagraj24*-

Total1637699
ICFAI-LAW School BA-LLB / BBA-LLB Admissions 2025

Ranked 1 st among Top Law Schools of super Excellence in India - GHRDC | NAAC A+ Accredited | #36 by NIRF

Symbiosis Law School Pune Admissions 2025

NAAC A++ Accredited | Ranked #5 by NIRF

*not part of centralised counselling

Previous Year CLAT Cut Off for General Category

The tables given below provide the CLAT general cut-off for previous years based on only vertical reservations without considering any horizontal reservations. The CLAT cut-off data for general category for the previous years can help candidates identify trends and make predictions on the CLAT 2025 expected cut-off for general category.

CLAT UG 2024 Cut Off for General Category

NLU

General


Opening rank

Closing rank

NLSIU Bengaluru

1

102

NALSAR Hyderabad

6

167

NLIU Bhopal (BA LLB)

311

450

NLIU Bhopal (BSc LLB)

187

1047

WBNUJS Kolkata( BA LLB)

140

279

WBNUJS Kolkata (BSc.LLB Hons)

289

1010

NLU Jodhpur

170

379

HNLU Raipur

434

791

GNLU Gandhinagar

210

464

GNLU Silvassa Campus

593

1060

RMLNLU Lucknow

410

764

RGNUL Patiala

502

1250

CNLU Patna (BA LLB)

790

1358

CNLU Patna (BBA LLB)

1051

1552

NUALS Kochi

231

1136

NLU Odisha

591

1205

NUSRL Ranchi

637

1594

NLUJA Assam

1344

1704

DSNLU Visakhapatnam

656

1390

TNNLU Tiruchirappalli BA LLB

806

1628

TNNLU Tiruchirappalli BCom LLB

821

1711

MNLU Mumbai

99

590

MNLU Nagpur - BA LLB

491

1587

MNLU Nagpur - BBA LLB

611

1685

MNLU Aurangabad- BA LLB

945

1832

MNLU Aurangabad - BBA LLB

681

2115

HPNLU Shimla - BA LLB

885

2102

HPNLU Shimla - BBA LLB

284

2150

MPDNLU Jabalpur

1060

1824

DBRANLU Sonepat

503

2050

NLUT Agartala

1716

2243

CLAT PG Cut Off 2024 for General Category

NLU

General

Open rank

Closing rank

NLSIU Bengaluru

14

239

NALSAR Hyderabad

119

298

NLIU Bhopal

300

651

WBNUJS Kolkata

158

620

NLU Jodhpur

290

638

HNLU Raipur

564

1094

GNLU Gandhinagar

125

627

GNLU Silvassa Campus

634

1267

RMLNLU Lucknow

19

261

RGNUL Patiala

90

987

NUALS Kochi

486

1707

NLU Odisha

494

1358

NUSRL Ranchi

827

1623

NLUJA Assam

1321

2195

DSNLU Visakhapatnam

754

2033

TNNLU Tiruchirappalli (Corporate and Securities law)

660

1578

TNNLU Tiruchirappalli (Intellectual Property law)

641

1011

TNNLU Tiruchirappalli (Natural Resources Law)

1006

2246

MNLU Mumbai

242

727

MNLU Nagpur -

1

1808

MNLU Aurangabad

924

2250

HPNLU Shimla

623

2132

MPDNLU Jabalpur

1216

2278

NLUT Agartala

1619

2530

CLAT UG Cut-Off 2023 for General Category

NLU Name

General

Opening Rank

Closing Rank

NLSIU Bengaluru

1

114

NALSAR Hyderabad

25

177

WBNUJS Kolkata

136

260

NLIU Bhopal

186

463

NLU Jodhpur

70

383

HNLU Raipur

481

805

GNLU Gandhinagar

147

462

RMLNLU Lucknow

432

749

RGNUL Patiala

563

1307

CNLU Patna

628

1541

NUALS Kochi

638

1461

NLUO, Odisha, Cuttack

504

1207

NUSRL Ranchi

939

1895

TNNLU Tiruchirapalli

704

2045

DSNLU Visakhapatnam

538

2080

MNLU Mumbai

325

590

MNLU Nagpur

878

2102

MNLU Aurangabad

1824

2655

NLUJA Assam, Guwahati

1375

2569

HPNLU Shimla

822

2816

DNLU Jabalpur

1696

2698

DBRANLU, Sonipat, Haryana

767

2713

GNLU Silvassa Campus

810

1820

CLAT LLM Cut Off 2023 for General Category

NLU Name

General

Opening Rank

Closing Rank

NLSIU Bengaluru

8

200

NALSAR Hyderabad

19

230

WBNUJS Kolkata

175

787

NLIU Bhopal

274

494

NLU Jodhpur

236

909

HNLU Raipur

719

1606

GNLU Gandhinagar

37

766

RMLNLU Lucknow

12

101

RGNUL Patiala

239

1645

NUALS Kochi

545

1799

NLUO, Odisha, Cuttack

369

1997

NUSRL Ranchi

529

1513

TNNLU Tiruchirappalli


LLM: Corporate and Securities Laws

968

1918

LLM:
Intellectual Property Laws

1582

1830

LLM:

Natural Resources Laws

769

2757

DSNLU Visakhapatnam

766

2583

MNLU Mumbai

202

679

MNLU Nagpur

643

2488

MNLU Aurangabad

2169

2780

NLUJA Assam,Guwahati

1594

2621

HPNLU Shimla

698

2362

DNLU Jabalpur

1629

2815

GNLU Silvassa Campus

1628

2179

Check Category-wise cut-off marks:

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

1. Is 70 a good score in CLAT for general category?

A score of 70 in CLAT may not be a good score for the general category to gain admission in top NLUs. A good score in CLAT 2025 will be 90+ marks.

2. What are the minimum marks for CLAT in NLU?

There are no minimum qualifying marks in CLAT 2025. However, only those candidates are eligible for admissions who have received the CLAT 2025 counselling invite.

3. Is 40 a good score in CLAT?

40 is not a good score for the general category in CLAT 2025.

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Questions related to CLAT

Have a question related to CLAT ?

hey, Having a CLAT rank of 21,000 and an SC category rank of approximately 1,000, you may get a good chance by applying to NLUs in which SC category seats remain unfilled. At this rank extend, there are routinely open positions at state NLUs or more current NLUs with reserved seats SC candidates. Focus on appying to NLUs such as NLU Jodhpur, NLU Odisha or NLU Tamil Nadu, which occasionally have vacancies in saved categories. As well, monitor the CLAT guiding entry in terms of opening overhauls and participate in spot rounds properly.

With rank of -8220, here's a realistic idea of where he can get into

1. Top NLUs (I-III) Like NLSU Bengaluru,  NALSAR Hyderabad,  WBNUJS Kolkata, and NLIU Bhopal need much higher rank (-100 - 450), so they won't be reachable,.

2. Mid- tier NLUs such as HNLU Raipur (-765), NLU Jodhpur (-357), RMLNLU Lucknow (-721), GNLU Gandhinagar (-402), NLUO Cuttack (-943), and DSNLU Vizag (-1,390) Are still out of reach.

3. With rank - 8220, he might  qualify for NLU state quotas or lower - ranked NLUs, but that depends heavily on :

  • His category (General / OBC, St/SC, domiciled in the NLU's state),
  • Seat availability,  and
  • Counselling round (later rounds ofter have lower cutoff).

4. Private law college  accepting  CLAT scores (like Amity, nirma, alliance , etc) are a great fallback and ofter take candidates with ranks up to 20,000+

Hello Rajdeep,

You have a good chance of getting into the following NLUs under the OBC Category (cut-offs from previous years, which may change slightly) with an All India Rank of 2754 and an OBC rank of 314 in CLAT 2025:

  1. Dr. B.R. Ambedkar NLU, Haryana (NLU Sonepat)
  2. Himachal Pradesh NLU, Shimla (HPNLU)
  3. Damodaram Sanjivayya NLU, Visakhapatnam (DSNLU)
  4. Maharashtra NLU, Aurangabad or Nagpur (lower preference campuses)
  5. NLU Tripura (recent addition, lower closing ranks)

Hello,

Your CLAT 2025 rank of 21,177 places you beyond the typical cutoff range for OBC-A (West Bengal domicile) candidates seeking admission to WBNUJS Kolkata .

In Round 1 of CLAT 2025 counselling , the closing rank for OBC-A (WB domicile) was 10,297 for BA LLB and 13,417 for BSc LLB.

Given that only three counselling rounds are being conducted this year, compared to five in previous years, the chances of significant rank movement are limited. Also, the closing ranks for OBC-A (WB domicile) have not extended to your current rank in previous years .

So, I will suggest you to participate in all rounds of counselling, may be you can get admission if there is any seat left, also explore alternative options like state law colleges in West Bengal with OBC-A reservation.

Hope it helps !

With 30 marks in CLAT 2025, getting admission in NLU Jodhpur is not possible because its cutoff is usually very high. For general category, students need around 90–95 marks or a top rank. Even for SC/ST categories, the required score is much higher than 30. But don’t worry — you can try for other private law colleges that accept low CLAT scores or prepare again for CLAT 2026. With better preparation, you can get into a good law college next time.



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Read the passage carefully and answer the question

The Contract should be performed by the promisor himself. However, in certain cases, it can also be performed by his agents or legal representatives. It all depends upon the intention of the parties. Normally a contract can be performed by the following persons. 

  1. Promisor himself: If from the nature of the contract it appears that it was the intention of the parties that the promise should be performed by the promisor himself, such promise must be performed by the promisor. This usually applies to contracts involving personal skill, task, or artwork. 
  2. Promisor or his Agent: Where the contract does not involve the personal skill of the promisor, the contract could be performed by the promisor himself or by any competent person employed by him for the purpose, 
  3. Legal Representatives: The contracts which do not involve any personal skill or taste, may be performed by his legal representative after the death of the promisor.
  4. Third Person: In some cases, a contract may be performed by a third person provided the promisee accepts the arrangement. According to Section 41 of the Indian Contract Act, once the promisee accepts the performance from a third person, he cannot compel the promisor to perform the contract again. 
  5. Performance of Joint Promises: According to section 42 of the Indian Contract Act, when two or more persons have made a joint promise, the joint promisors must fulfill the promise jointly during their lifetime. And if any one of them dies, then his legal representatives and survivors must jointly fulfill the promise. 

Section 43 of the Indian Contract Act further provides that unless a contrary intention appears from the contract, each joint promisor may compel every other joint promisor to contribute equally to the performance of the promise. If any joint promisor makes a default in such contribution, the remaining joint promisors must bear the loss arising from such default in equal shares.

Question:

Aman received a box of chocolates from Basant and promised to pay Rupees 5000. Later on, A becomes bankrupt. Chetan who is a friend of Aman pays rupees 1000 to Besant on behalf of Aman. Aman is not aware of such a transaction. In civil court, insolvency proceedings have started against Aman. Meanwhile, Basant has also applied for a recovery of 5000 rupees. Decide.

Option: 1

Basant is entitled to recover the amount of 5000 from Aman.


Option: 2

Basant is entitled to recover the amount of 4000 from Aman.


Option: 3

Chetan is entitled to recover the amount of 1000 from Basant.


Option: 4

Basant cannot recover any amount from Aman as he has become insolvent.


Read the passage carefully and answer the question

The Contract should be performed by the promisor himself. However, in certain cases, it can also be performed by his agents or legal representatives. It all depends upon the intention of the parties. Normally a contract can be performed by the following persons. 

  1. Promisor himself: If from the nature of the contract it appears that it was the intention of the parties that the promise should be performed by the promisor himself, such promise must be performed by the promisor. This usually applies to contracts involving personal skill, task, or artwork. 
  2. Promisor or his Agent: Where the contract does not involve the personal skill of the promisor, the contract could be performed by the promisor himself or by any competent person employed by him for the purpose, 
  3. Legal Representatives: The contracts which do not involve any personal skill or taste, may be performed by his legal representative after the death of the promisor.
  4. Third Person: In some cases, a contract may be performed by a third person provided the promisee accepts the arrangement. According to Section 41 of the Indian Contract Act, once the promisee accepts the performance from a third person, he cannot compel the promisor to perform the contract again. 
  5. Performance of Joint Promises: According to section 42 of the Indian Contract Act, when two or more persons have made a joint promise, the joint promisors must fulfill the promise jointly during their lifetime. And if any one of them dies, then his legal representatives and survivors must jointly fulfill the promise. 

Section 43 of the Indian Contract Act further provides that unless a contrary intention appears from the contract, each joint promisor may compel every other joint promisor to contribute equally to the performance of the promise. If any joint promisor makes a default in such contribution, the remaining joint promisors must bear the loss arising from such default in equal shares.

Question:

K promises to paint a picture for L on a certain day, at a certain price. K dies before the day of the contract. Decide. 

Option: 1

The contract can be enforced by K’s representative 


Option: 2

The contract can be enforced by L


Option: 3

The contract can be enforced either by K’s representation or by L 


Option: 4

The contract cannot be enforced either by K’s representative, or L


Read the passage carefully and answer the question

The Contract should be performed by the promisor himself. However, in certain cases, it can also be performed by his agents or legal representatives. It all depends upon the intention of the parties. Normally a contract can be performed by the following persons. 

  1. Promisor himself: If from the nature of the contract it appears that it was the intention of the parties that the promise should be performed by the promisor himself, such promise must be performed by the promisor. This usually applies to contracts involving personal skill, task, or artwork. 
  2. Promisor or his Agent: Where the contract does not involve the personal skill of the promisor, the contract could be performed by the promisor himself or by any competent person employed by him for the purpose, 
  3. Legal Representatives: The contracts which do not involve any personal skill or taste, may be performed by his legal representative after the death of the promisor.
  4. Third Person: In some cases, a contract may be performed by a third person provided the promisee accepts the arrangement. According to Section 41 of the Indian Contract Act, once the promisee accepts the performance from a third person, he cannot compel the promisor to perform the contract again. 
  5. Performance of Joint Promises: According to section 42 of the Indian Contract Act, when two or more persons have made a joint promise, the joint promisors must fulfill the promise jointly during their lifetime. And if any one of them dies, then his legal representatives and survivors must jointly fulfill the promise. 

Section 43 of the Indian Contract Act further provides that unless a contrary intention appears from the contract, each joint promisor may compel every other joint promisor to contribute equally to the performance of the promise. If any joint promisor makes a default in such contribution, the remaining joint promisors must bear the loss arising from such default in equal shares.

Question:

Rohan has agreed to manage the catering services during the marriage of Sohan’s son Ramu. On the day of marriage, Rohan felt ill and sent his manager to the management of catering services. Ramu happily gets married to Tina and people appreciated the food and decoration of the event. When Rohan asked Sohan for the remaining amount, he denied it because Rohan himself had not managed so it is a breach. Decide.

 

Option: 1

Rohan is not entitled to get the remaining amount due to a breach of contract.


Option: 2

Rohan is entitled to sue Sohan for the remaining amount.


Option: 3

Rohan is entitled to sue Ramu because it was his marriage.


Option: 4

Instead of Rohan, his manager can only sue Sohan for the breach.


Read the passage and answer the question that follow.

Natural justice is another name for common sense justice rules of natural justice are not in codified form these principles are embedded or ingrained or inbuilt in the conscience of human beings. It supplies the omission made in codified law and helps in the administration of justice. Natural justice is not only confined to ‘fairness’ it will take many shades and colours based on the context. Thus natural justice apart from ‘fairness’ also implies reasonableness, equity and equality. They are neither cast in a rigid mould nor can they be put in a legal straitjacket. These principles written by nature in the heart of mankind, they are immutable, inviolable, and inalienable.

It is true that the concept of natural justice is not very clear and, therefore, it is not possible to define it; yet the principles of natural justice are accepted and enforced. In the case of Ridge V. Baldwin Court observed that “in modern times have sometimes been expressed to the effect that natural justice is as vague as to be practically meaningless. But I would regard these as tainted by the perennial fallacy that because something cannot be cut and dried or nicely weighed or measured therefore it does not exist”. The term natural justice signifies fundamental rules of judicial procedure and fair play in action. According to Lord Widgery “the principles of natural justice were those fundamental rules; the breach will prevent justice from being seen to be done”. Earliest expression of ‘natural justice’ could be found in the philosophical expression of Roman Jurist (jus natural) and signified rules and principles for the conduct of man which were independent of enacted law or customs and could be discovered by the rational intelligence of man and would grow out of and conform to his nature.

The rule against bias that surfaced in 1610 in Dr Bonham's Casewhere Chief Justice Coke went so far as to say that the Court could declare an Act of Parliament void if it made a man as judge in his own cause, or otherwise ‘against common right and reason’. This was one of his grounds for disallowing the claim of the College of Physicians to fine and imprison Doctor Bonham, a Doctor of Physics of Cambridge University, for practising in the city of London without the licence of College of Physicians. The statute under which the College acted provided that fines should go half to the King half to the College so that the College had a financial interest in its own judgement and was judged in its own cause.

Question:

X is a student of a college and his father Y is a professor in the same college. In one instance, X is caught to be involved in unparliamentary activities inside the college campus. The enquiry committee is set up and Y is appointed as the head of the committee. Decide.

Option: 1

Y is a professor of the same college hence he can become a member of the enquiry committee


Option: 2

Y is X’s father hence he should not be a part of the enquiry committee


Option: 3

Y can be a part of the enquiry committee but cannot be its head


Option: 4

There is no rule that prevents the appointment of Y until he fulfils his function diligently


Read the passage and answer the question that follow.

Natural justice is another name for common sense justice rules of natural justice are not in codified form these principles are embedded or ingrained or inbuilt in the conscience of human beings. It supplies the omission made in codified law and helps in the administration of justice. Natural justice is not only confined to ‘fairness’ it will take many shades and colours based on the context. Thus natural justice apart from ‘fairness’ also implies reasonableness, equity and equality. They are neither cast in a rigid mould nor can they be put in a legal straitjacket. These principles written by nature in the heart of mankind, they are immutable, inviolable, and inalienable.

It is true that the concept of natural justice is not very clear and, therefore, it is not possible to define it; yet the principles of natural justice are accepted and enforced. In the case of Ridge V. Baldwin Court observed that “in modern times have sometimes been expressed to the effect that natural justice is as vague as to be practically meaningless. But I would regard these as tainted by the perennial fallacy that because something cannot be cut and dried or nicely weighed or measured therefore it does not exist”. The term natural justice signifies fundamental rules of judicial procedure and fair play in action. According to Lord Widgery “the principles of natural justice were those fundamental rules; the breach will prevent justice from being seen to be done”. Earliest expression of ‘natural justice’ could be found in the philosophical expression of Roman Jurist (jus natural) and signified rules and principles for the conduct of man which were independent of enacted law or customs and could be discovered by the rational intelligence of man and would grow out of and conform to his nature.

The rule against bias that surfaced in 1610 in Dr Bonham's Casewhere Chief Justice Coke went so far as to say that the Court could declare an Act of Parliament void if it made a man as judge in his own cause, or otherwise ‘against common right and reason’. This was one of his grounds for disallowing the claim of the College of Physicians to fine and imprison Doctor Bonham, a Doctor of Physics of Cambridge University, for practising in the city of London without the licence of College of Physicians. The statute under which the College acted provided that fines should go half to the King half to the College so that the College had a financial interest in its own judgement and was judged in its own cause.

Question:

Mr X is an employee of a corporate office. His wife Y is a judge. In one instance, X is found to be involved in a money laundering case at his office. The office now files a suit and Y is appointed as the judge for this case. Decide.

Option: 1

Y is a judge by herself, hence can be appointed to adjudicate this case


Option: 2

Y is can be appointed as a judge only if she fulfils her responsibilities without any bias


Option: 3

Y can adjudicate the case and if the company finds the penalty to be insufficient then they can appeal against it


Option: 4

Y cannot be the judge in this case ab initio


Read the passage and answer the question that follow.

Natural justice is another name for common sense justice rules of natural justice are not in codified form these principles are embedded or ingrained or inbuilt in the conscience of human beings. It supplies the omission made in codified law and helps in the administration of justice. Natural justice is not only confined to ‘fairness’ it will take many shades and colours based on the context. Thus natural justice apart from ‘fairness’ also implies reasonableness, equity and equality. They are neither cast in a rigid mould nor can they be put in a legal straitjacket. These principles written by nature in the heart of mankind, they are immutable, inviolable, and inalienable.

It is true that the concept of natural justice is not very clear and, therefore, it is not possible to define it; yet the principles of natural justice are accepted and enforced. In the case of Ridge V. Baldwin Court observed that “in modern times have sometimes been expressed to the effect that natural justice is as vague as to be practically meaningless. But I would regard these as tainted by the perennial fallacy that because something cannot be cut and dried or nicely weighed or measured therefore it does not exist”. The term natural justice signifies fundamental rules of judicial procedure and fair play in action. According to Lord Widgery “the principles of natural justice were those fundamental rules; the breach will prevent justice from being seen to be done”. Earliest expression of ‘natural justice’ could be found in the philosophical expression of Roman Jurist (jus natural) and signified rules and principles for the conduct of man which were independent of enacted law or customs and could be discovered by the rational intelligence of man and would grow out of and conform to his nature.

The rule against bias that surfaced in 1610 in Dr Bonham's Casewhere Chief Justice Coke went so far as to say that the Court could declare an Act of Parliament void if it made a man as judge in his own cause, or otherwise ‘against common right and reason’. This was one of his grounds for disallowing the claim of the College of Physicians to fine and imprison Doctor Bonham, a Doctor of Physics of Cambridge University, for practising in the city of London without the licence of College of Physicians. The statute under which the College acted provided that fines should go half to the King half to the College so that the College had a financial interest in its own judgement and was judged in its own cause.

Question:

X was a renowned cricketer in the 1980s. His son Y is a struggling cricketer who has been trying to get into the national team for many years. In the year 2020, X is appointed as a member of the selection committee. In the match which is supposed to decide the final team of the nation, Y scores a century and Z scores 65 runs. However, Z is selected to represent India and Y is not. Y now appeals against the decision, the main ground being the presence of X in the committee. Decide.

Option: 1

The appeal will stand as Y scored a century yet Z was selected after scoring 65 runs


Option: 2

The appeal will be quashed since X’s presence should have benefitted Y, but it didn’t, hence the rejection of Y is valid


Option: 3

The appeal will stand as X’s presence is a factor of bias


Option: 4

The appeal will be quashed since X was a renowned cricketer


Read the passage and answer the question that follow.

Natural justice is another name for common sense justice rules of natural justice are not in codified form these principles are embedded or ingrained or inbuilt in the conscience of human beings. It supplies the omission made in codified law and helps in the administration of justice. Natural justice is not only confined to ‘fairness’ it will take many shades and colours based on the context. Thus natural justice apart from ‘fairness’ also implies reasonableness, equity and equality. They are neither cast in a rigid mould nor can they be put in a legal straitjacket. These principles written by nature in the heart of mankind, they are immutable, inviolable, and inalienable.

It is true that the concept of natural justice is not very clear and, therefore, it is not possible to define it; yet the principles of natural justice are accepted and enforced. In the case of Ridge V. Baldwin Court observed that “in modern times have sometimes been expressed to the effect that natural justice is as vague as to be practically meaningless. But I would regard these as tainted by the perennial fallacy that because something cannot be cut and dried or nicely weighed or measured therefore it does not exist”. The term natural justice signifies fundamental rules of judicial procedure and fair play in action. According to Lord Widgery “the principles of natural justice were those fundamental rules; the breach will prevent justice from being seen to be done”. Earliest expression of ‘natural justice’ could be found in the philosophical expression of Roman Jurist (jus natural) and signified rules and principles for the conduct of man which were independent of enacted law or customs and could be discovered by the rational intelligence of man and would grow out of and conform to his nature.

The rule against bias that surfaced in 1610 in Dr Bonham's Casewhere Chief Justice Coke went so far as to say that the Court could declare an Act of Parliament void if it made a man as judge in his own cause, or otherwise ‘against common right and reason’. This was one of his grounds for disallowing the claim of the College of Physicians to fine and imprison Doctor Bonham, a Doctor of Physics of Cambridge University, for practising in the city of London without the licence of College of Physicians. The statute under which the College acted provided that fines should go half to the King half to the College so that the College had a financial interest in its own judgement and was judged in its own cause.

Question:

X is a married judge who is well known for his honesty in the entire city. He has a son Y. One fine day Y gets kidnapped and the kidnapper demands a sum of 20 lakhs from X. However, the kidnapper is caught by the police. X is now appointed as the judge for the hearing of the kidnapper. Decide.

Option: 1

X can be the judge since he can decide the punishment better as he was the sufferer


Option: 2

X cannot be the judge since there is a possibility that he will be biased while delivering the judgement


Option: 3

X can be the judge since he is renowned for his honesty and fulfil his duties


Option: 4

X can be the judge but his statement can be appealed against if delivered with bias


Read the passage and answer the question that follow.

Natural justice is another name for common sense justice rules of natural justice are not in codified form these principles are embedded or ingrained or inbuilt in the conscience of human beings. It supplies the omission made in codified law and helps in the administration of justice. Natural justice is not only confined to ‘fairness’ it will take many shades and colours based on the context. Thus natural justice apart from ‘fairness’ also implies reasonableness, equity and equality. They are neither cast in a rigid mould nor can they be put in a legal straitjacket. These principles written by nature in the heart of mankind, they are immutable, inviolable, and inalienable.

It is true that the concept of natural justice is not very clear and, therefore, it is not possible to define it; yet the principles of natural justice are accepted and enforced. In the case of Ridge V. Baldwin Court observed that “in modern times have sometimes been expressed to the effect that natural justice is as vague as to be practically meaningless. But I would regard these as tainted by the perennial fallacy that because something cannot be cut and dried or nicely weighed or measured therefore it does not exist”. The term natural justice signifies fundamental rules of judicial procedure and fair play in action. According to Lord Widgery “the principles of natural justice were those fundamental rules; the breach will prevent justice from being seen to be done”. Earliest expression of ‘natural justice’ could be found in the philosophical expression of Roman Jurist (jus natural) and signified rules and principles for the conduct of man which were independent of enacted law or customs and could be discovered by the rational intelligence of man and would grow out of and conform to his nature.

The rule against bias that surfaced in 1610 in Dr Bonham's Casewhere Chief Justice Coke went so far as to say that the Court could declare an Act of Parliament void if it made a man as judge in his own cause, or otherwise ‘against common right and reason’. This was one of his grounds for disallowing the claim of the College of Physicians to fine and imprison Doctor Bonham, a Doctor of Physics of Cambridge University, for practising in the city of London without the licence of College of Physicians. The statute under which the College acted provided that fines should go half to the King half to the College so that the College had a financial interest in its own judgement and was judged in its own cause.

Question:

X and Y have been married for five years. X is a judge and Y is a doctor. X is pretty much unhappy with his married life so he wants to divorce Y. Y refuses to agree to a divorce by mutual consent hence X files a suit against Y. Decide.

Option: 1

X cannot file a suit since he is a judge


Option: 2

X can file a suit against Y in legal capacity but not as a judge


Option: 3

X cannot file a divorce suit against Y since there is no valid ground for divorce


Option: 4

X can proceed with mutual consent but not contested divorce


Read the passage and answer the question that follow.

In the case of M/S Halonex Limited, 59-A Noida vs State of U.P., it was held that “In reply to the aforesaid submission, learned counsel for opposite party no.2 submitted that the case of the applicants that no amount is due from their side to the complainant is a matter of defence which cannot be considered at this stage. It has been submitted that the term 'entrustment' as used in Section 405 IPC has been given a wider interpretation. It has been submitted that the goods returned by the complainant to the Company for replacement or for reimbursement would be deemed to have been entrusted to the Company and as the applicants 2 & 3 were handling its affair they become responsible. To buttress the said submission, the learned counsel for the complainant drew the attention of the Court to a decision of the Apex Court in the case of Ram Narayan Popli Vs. Central Bureau of Investigation: (2003) 3 SCC 641, wherein it was observed that: "the term "entrustment" is not necessarily a term of law. It may have different implications in different contexts. In its most general signification all it imports is the handing over possession for some purpose which may not imply the conferring of any proprietary right at all." Attention was also drawn to an observation made in the judgment of the aforesaid case, where it was observed that: "to establish the charge of criminal breach of trust, the prosecution is not obliged to prove the precise mode of conversion, misappropriation or misapplication by the accused of the property entrusted to him or over which he has dominion. The principal ingredient of the offence being dishonest misappropriation or conversion which may not ordinarily be a matter of direct proof, entrustment of property and failure in breach of an obligation to account for the property entrusted if proved, may, in the light of other circumstances, justifiably lead to an inference of dishonest misappropriation or conversion”.

Question:

X tracks down an expensive necklace on the road. Not knowing to whom it belongs. X sells it promptly to a jeweller without attempting to find the owner or submitting the necklace to the authorities. Decide the liability of X.

Option: 1

Extortion


Option: 2

Criminal breach of trust


Option: 3

Theft


Option: 4

Criminal misappropriation of Property


Read the passage and answer the question that follow.

In the case of M/S Halonex Limited, 59-A Noida vs State of U.P., it was held that “In reply to the aforesaid submission, learned counsel for opposite party no.2 submitted that the case of the applicants that no amount is due from their side to the complainant is a matter of defence which cannot be considered at this stage. It has been submitted that the term 'entrustment' as used in Section 405 IPC has been given a wider interpretation. It has been submitted that the goods returned by the complainant to the Company for replacement or for reimbursement would be deemed to have been entrusted to the Company and as the applicants 2 & 3 were handling its affair they become responsible. To buttress the said submission, the learned counsel for the complainant drew the attention of the Court to a decision of the Apex Court in the case of Ram Narayan Popli Vs. Central Bureau of Investigation: (2003) 3 SCC 641, wherein it was observed that: "the term "entrustment" is not necessarily a term of law. It may have different implications in different contexts. In its most general signification all it imports is the handing over possession for some purpose which may not imply the conferring of any proprietary right at all." Attention was also drawn to an observation made in the judgment of the aforesaid case, where it was observed that: "to establish the charge of criminal breach of trust, the prosecution is not obliged to prove the precise mode of conversion, misappropriation or misapplication by the accused of the property entrusted to him or over which he has dominion. The principal ingredient of the offence being dishonest misappropriation or conversion which may not ordinarily be a matter of direct proof, entrustment of property and failure in breach of an obligation to account for the property entrusted if proved, may, in the light of other circumstances, justifiably lead to an inference of dishonest misappropriation or conversion”.

Question:

P borrows from L his phone for using it to call his parents. However, when L is distracted, P removes the memory card of the phone and later on sells it. Decide the liability of P.

Option: 1

P is guilty under dishonest misappropriation of property

 


Option: 2

P is not guilty for any offence since the phone was given with consent


Option: 3

P is guilty for theft


Option: 4

P has been handed over the phone, so he has the right to use it as he likes


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