AIBE Law of Tort PYQs: Most Repeated Questions

What is Law of Tort?

Law of Tort forms about 5% of the 100 questions asked in the AIBE 22 Exam 2026 and thus is an important topic for scoring marks. The questions asked usually pertain to:

• Negligence

• Nuisance

• Defamation

• Vicarious Liability

• Motor accidents and consumer protection.

The Law of Tort is an area of civil law which deals with wrongful conduct causing harm or injury to another person, giving him or her the right to receive compensation. The purpose of the Law of Tort is to safeguard the rights of people and give a remedy for civil wrongs, which are neither contract-related nor criminal in nature.

Most Repeated Law of Tort, including Motor Vehicle Act and Consumer Protection Law PYQs

Here are the AIBE 2026 Most Repeated Law of Tort, including Motor Vehicle Act and Consumer Protection Law PYQs:

1. Which of the following is an essential element of the tort of negligence?

(a) Intention to cause harm
(b) Duty of care
(c) Existence of a contract
(d) Criminal liability

Answer: (b) Duty of care

Solution: Negligence arises when a person breaches a legal duty of care owed to another, resulting in damage. To establish negligence, the claimant must prove duty of care, breach of duty, and resulting injury or loss. Intention is not a necessary element.

2. The principle laid down in Donoghue v. Stevenson is known as:

(a) Doctrine of Estoppel
(b) Neighbour Principle
(c) Doctrine of Eclipse
(d) Res Judicata

Answer: (b) Neighbour Principle

Solution: In Donoghue v. Stevenson, the court held that a person must take reasonable care to avoid acts likely to injure their “neighbours,” meaning persons closely and directly affected by their actions. This case forms the foundation of modern negligence law.

3. Which of the following is an example of vicarious liability?

(a) Liability for one's own negligence
(b) Employer held liable for employee's acts during employment
(c) Liability under a contract
(d) Criminal punishment imposed on a company

Answer: (b) Employer held liable for employee's acts during employment

Solution: Vicarious liability means one person is held liable for the wrongful acts of another. An employer may be liable for torts committed by an employee while acting within the scope of employment, even if the employer personally committed no wrong.

4. The rule in Rylands v. Fletcher relates to:

(a) Negligence
(b) Defamation
(c) Strict Liability
(d) Trespass

Answer: (c) Strict Liability

Solution: The rule imposes liability on a person who keeps a dangerous substance on their land and allows it to escape, causing damage. Liability arises even without proof of negligence, subject to certain recognised exceptions.

5. Defamation refers to:

(a) Wrongful interference with property
(b) False statement harming a person's reputation
(c) Physical injury caused by negligence
(d) Breach of contract

Answer: (b) False statement harming a person's reputation

Solution: Defamation occurs when a false statement is communicated to others and harms a person's reputation. It may be in written form (libel) or spoken form (slander). Reputation is a legally protected interest under tort law.

6. Under the Motor Vehicles Act, compensation for motor accident victims is generally awarded by:

(a) Supreme Court
(b) National Consumer Commission
(c) Motor Accident Claims Tribunal (MACT)
(d) Lok Adalat only

Answer: (c) Motor Accident Claims Tribunal (MACT)

Solution: The Motor Accident Claims Tribunal (MACT) is constituted to adjudicate claims arising from motor vehicle accidents. It determines compensation based on factors such as injury, disability, loss of income, and dependency.

7. Which of the following is a defence to an action for negligence?

(a) Volenti non fit injuria
(b) Strict liability
(c) Res ipsa loquitur
(d) Damages

Answer: (a) Volenti non fit injuria

Solution: The maxim volenti non fit injuria means “to a willing person, no injury is done.” If a person knowingly and voluntarily accepts a risk, they may be barred from claiming damages for injuries arising from that risk.

8. Under the Consumer Protection Act, a person who buys goods for consideration is known as:

(a) Arbitrator
(b) Consumer
(c) Agent
(d) Insurer

Answer: (b) Consumer

Solution: A consumer is a person who purchases goods or hires services for consideration. The Consumer Protection Act protects consumers against unfair trade practices, defective goods, and deficient services.

9. Which of the following is considered a deficiency in service under Consumer Protection Law?

(a) Proper performance of service
(b) Delay and negligence in providing service
(c) Sale of agricultural produce by a farmer
(d) Exercise of legislative powers

Answer: (b) Delay and negligence in providing service

Solution: Deficiency in service refers to any fault, imperfection, shortcoming, or inadequacy in the quality or manner of performance of a service. Negligent or delayed service can give rise to a consumer complaint.

10. The maxim res ipsa loquitur means:

(a) Let the buyer beware
(b) The thing speaks for itself
(c) No injury to a willing person
(d) Equality before law

Answer: (b) The thing speaks for itself

Solution: This doctrine applies where the nature of an accident itself suggests negligence. The circumstances are such that the accident would not ordinarily occur without negligence, allowing the court to infer fault.

Why Law of Tort, Motor Vehicle Act and Consumer Protection Law Is Important In AIBE 22

• Total Contribution Of Marks Approximately: Around 5 marks come from topics like Law of Tort, Motor Vehicles Act, and Consumer Protection Law, amounting to about 5 questions out of 100 in AIBE 22 Exam 2026.

• Recurrent Topic In Exams: Questions relating to negligence, nuisance, defamation, strict liability, compensation in motor accidents and consumer rights are frequently asked in AIBE exams. Students may refer to the Top 10 Frequently Asked Topics in AIBE Question Papers.

• Easier Section With Good Scores: As most of the questions asked are conceptual and direct, it makes this section quite easy to score in.

• Important For Practicing Law Professionally: It is important for advocates practicing in civil matters to know about tort law, motor accident cases and consumer protection law.

• Easy To Score Through AIBE PYQs: Practicing AIBE Law of Tort Previous Year Questions (PYQs) helps candidates gain good understanding of important concepts.

Students can also check other topic-wise Most Repeated PYQs,

• AIBE Evidence Act and Bhartiya Sakshya Adhiniyam PYQs.

• AIBE Family Law PYQs

• AIBE Criminal Law PYQs

• AIBE Constitution Law PYQs

• AIBE Environmental Law PYQs

• AIBE Company Law PYQs

• AIBE Civil Procedure Code PYQs

• AIBE Law of Contract, Specific Relief, Property Laws & Negotiable Instruments PYQs

• AIBE Public Interest Litigation PYQs

• AIBE Taxation Law PYQs

• AIBE Professional Ethics & Cases of Professional Misconduct Under BCI Rules PYQs

• AIBE Cyber Law PYQs

• AIBE Land Acquisition Act PYQs

• AIBE Intellectual Property Laws PYQs

• AIBE Administrative Law PYQs