AIBE Law of Tort PYQs: Most Repeated Questions

What is Law of Tort?

The Law of Tort accounts for around 5 questions out of 100 in the AIBE 21 Exam 2026, making it an important subject for scoring. Questions are commonly asked on:

• Negligence

• Nuisance

• Defamation

• Vicarious Liability

• Motor accident claims and consumer rights.

The Law of Tort is a branch of civil law that addresses wrongful acts that cause harm or injury to another person, granting the affected party the right to claim compensation. It aims to protect individuals' rights and provide remedies for civil wrongs that are not based on contracts or criminal offences. Key concepts include negligence, nuisance, defamation, strict liability, and consumer protection.

Most Repeated Law of Tort, including Motor Vehicle Act and Consumer Protection Law PYQs

These are the AIBE 2026 Most Repeated Law of Tort, including Motor Vehicle Act and Consumer Protection Law PYQs for AIBE 2026 preparation:

1. Which of the following is an essential element of the tort of negligence?

(a) Intention to cause harm
(b) Duty of care
(c) Existence of a contract
(d) Criminal liability

Answer: (b) Duty of care

Solution: Negligence arises when a person breaches a legal duty of care owed to another, resulting in damage. To establish negligence, the claimant must prove duty of care, breach of duty, and resulting injury or loss. Intention is not a necessary element.

2. The principle laid down in Donoghue v. Stevenson is known as:

(a) Doctrine of Estoppel
(b) Neighbour Principle
(c) Doctrine of Eclipse
(d) Res Judicata

Answer: (b) Neighbour Principle

Solution: In Donoghue v. Stevenson, the court held that a person must take reasonable care to avoid acts likely to injure their “neighbours,” meaning persons closely and directly affected by their actions. This case forms the foundation of modern negligence law.

3. Which of the following is an example of vicarious liability?

(a) Liability for one's own negligence
(b) Employer held liable for employee's acts during employment
(c) Liability under a contract
(d) Criminal punishment imposed on a company

Answer: (b) Employer held liable for employee's acts during employment

Solution: Vicarious liability means one person is held liable for the wrongful acts of another. An employer may be liable for torts committed by an employee while acting within the scope of employment, even if the employer personally committed no wrong.

4. The rule in Rylands v. Fletcher relates to:

(a) Negligence
(b) Defamation
(c) Strict Liability
(d) Trespass

Answer: (c) Strict Liability

Solution: The rule imposes liability on a person who keeps a dangerous substance on their land and allows it to escape, causing damage. Liability arises even without proof of negligence, subject to certain recognised exceptions.

5. Defamation refers to:

(a) Wrongful interference with property
(b) False statement harming a person's reputation
(c) Physical injury caused by negligence
(d) Breach of contract

Answer: (b) False statement harming a person's reputation

Solution: Defamation occurs when a false statement is communicated to others and harms a person's reputation. It may be in written form (libel) or spoken form (slander). Reputation is a legally protected interest under tort law.

6. Under the Motor Vehicles Act, compensation for motor accident victims is generally awarded by:

(a) Supreme Court
(b) National Consumer Commission
(c) Motor Accident Claims Tribunal (MACT)
(d) Lok Adalat only

Answer: (c) Motor Accident Claims Tribunal (MACT)

Solution: The Motor Accident Claims Tribunal (MACT) is constituted to adjudicate claims arising from motor vehicle accidents. It determines compensation based on factors such as injury, disability, loss of income, and dependency.

7. Which of the following is a defence to an action for negligence?

(a) Volenti non fit injuria
(b) Strict liability
(c) Res ipsa loquitur
(d) Damages

Answer: (a) Volenti non fit injuria

Solution: The maxim volenti non fit injuria means “to a willing person, no injury is done.” If a person knowingly and voluntarily accepts a risk, they may be barred from claiming damages for injuries arising from that risk.

8. Under the Consumer Protection Act, a person who buys goods for consideration is known as:

(a) Arbitrator
(b) Consumer
(c) Agent
(d) Insurer

Answer: (b) Consumer

Solution: A consumer is a person who purchases goods or hires services for consideration. The Consumer Protection Act protects consumers against unfair trade practices, defective goods, and deficient services.

9. Which of the following is considered a deficiency in service under Consumer Protection Law?

(a) Proper performance of service
(b) Delay and negligence in providing service
(c) Sale of agricultural produce by a farmer
(d) Exercise of legislative powers

Answer: (b) Delay and negligence in providing service

Solution: Deficiency in service refers to any fault, imperfection, shortcoming, or inadequacy in the quality or manner of performance of a service. Negligent or delayed service can give rise to a consumer complaint.

10. The maxim res ipsa loquitur means:

(a) Let the buyer beware
(b) The thing speaks for itself
(c) No injury to a willing person
(d) Equality before law

Answer: (b) The thing speaks for itself

Solution: This doctrine applies where the nature of an accident itself suggests negligence. The circumstances are such that the accident would not ordinarily occur without negligence, allowing the court to infer fault.

Why Law of Tort, including Motor Vehicle Act and Consumer Protection Law Matters in AIBE 21

• Contributes Around 5 Marks: Law of Tort, Motor Vehicles Act, and Consumer Protection Law together account for approximately 5 questions out of 100 in the AIBE 21 Exam 2026.

• Frequently Asked Topic: Questions on negligence, nuisance, defamation, strict liability, motor accident compensation, and consumer rights are regularly asked in AIBE examinations. Students can also check Top 10 Repeated Topics in AIBE Question Papers.

• High-Scoring Subject: Most questions are concept-based and direct, making this section relatively easy to score with proper preparation.

• Important for Legal Practice: Knowledge of tort law, motor accident claims, and consumer protection is essential for advocates handling civil disputes and compensation matters.

• Easy to Master Through PYQs: Practising AIBE Law of Tort Previous Year Questions (PYQs) helps candidates understand recurring concepts and improve accuracy in the AIBE 21 2026 exam.